yh ate anda Ab ie ae Name ato BRS ek ee V4 Why We Practice Analogies Practice withanalogies develope proficiency in loge Toanswer analogy questions correctly you analyzetwo ‘words and identify the lationship between them: then you identify another pal of words ihathasthesame ‘lationship. Inaddition, when You study analogies, you think abott the precise meanings of words an fs these deinitons in your memory. Finally studying word analogies will help you to gan higher scares an national lets that include multiple choice analogy questions. The new Scholastic Aptitude Test| Vebal Reasoning Test, fo example, includes analogy questions. Understanding Word Analogies A.word analogy i comparizon Between two pats of words, Hete's how word analogies are writen ‘Bxample 1 FIND: LOCATE lose: miplace “The colon () stands fr the phrase “i rlated to Here's how to rend the relationships in Example IND [is elated to] LOCATE loses rete to} mieplace ‘Tae double colon between the two pales of word stands forthe phrase “in the same way tha.” Here is how to read thecomplete analogy: FIND [is elated to] LOCATE. fin the same way that) Jose fis relate tl misplace Hore is another way: FIND isto LOCATE a oe isto misplace. Aproperly constructed analogy, then, ells that he relationship between the firs pal of words thesarne as the lationship between the second pair of words. In Example I find end love eesynonyen, just else td mpc ze synonys. Let's ook at another example Beample2 GIFT: JOY graf: toate Whats the relationship here? A si causes oy ust a rif causes tars. A cause-and-effect relationship links the two pais of words in Example 2 To help you Identity the eationships expressed in analogtes, we have designed the chart on page 124 No char, of couse, could include all possible relationships between ‘words, but these twelve relationships are frequently presented. You shold familiarize youre with hese relationships, ‘Connective New Woros ao Parrems 123amo at toss. ‘TYPES OF ANALOGIES RELATIONSHIP EXAMPLE EXPLANATION ‘Synonym DRY: ARID: ‘Day is similar in meaning Wari, oot nai just as fs is similar in meaning to sla Antony KIND: CRUEL: Kinds the opposite of ru, just 35. happy sed pps the appari of sd Part and Whale (CHAPTER: BOOK ‘A chap a par of a Dok fst a6 2 fender: automobile Jfenderisa part ofan automabie. POEM: STANZAS A poo ie composed of trans, ash, play:acts asa pny iscomposed of ats. CCharactristicQuaity | MIRROR:SMOOTH: Mirrors are characeristialy sandpaper: rongh ‘not, jst as sandpaper is charac teristic rough, (Classification POLKA :DANCE A pot may be cisifed asa fog: amphibian stance, just fog may be cassi- (Cause and Etect Function Location Performer and Related Object Performer and Related Aston Action and Related Object IRD: CARDINAL. hase: igloo arr: joy, rain: flood ‘TEARS: SADNESS: smiles joy KNIFE: CUT: shovel: dig RISH=SEA, moose forest ‘CHUCKLE: LAUGHE whimper ery [CASHIER +CASHE plumber: pipe AUTHOR: WRITE: chet cook BOIL: BoC roe ball fied aen amphi, ‘A cantina is clasiied a a bird, Justasan glo clasiied as 2 house. A giftcan cause jy, just a5 ran ca case fl “Tonrs are an effect of ses, just nes ave a elec of oy ‘The function ofa knife toon, just ssthe fnctin ofa shove! iti A fish can be found in te se, just asa moose can be found ina forest. Cte and taugh have sinilar ‘meanings, but difer in degaee in the same way that whimper and any havesinlar meanings but difer in degree {A cashir works with cash, just asa plomber works ith pie ‘You expect an thar to wnt as you expect he to nk You boa gg just 8 you thaw ail (these items, the objet at ways receives the ation) 124 Connect New Wonos ano PATTERNS ‘omy aha Maen, egetCemeteries Nemo tet A Process for Solving Analogi ‘Your job in solving multiple-choice analogy questions sto dently the relationship between the fist two ‘wordsand then to find the pir of words that has the mest similar relationship. Here are four hints to help ts jonhipe that do nat match the relationchip between the Hint #2 Eliminate choices that have vague relationships. Remember, the orignal relationship will always ‘be cleat. So, 09, wil the anorer’s relationship. ‘int #3 Eliminate word pales that expres th same relationchip as the capitalized pat, but appear in the ‘opposite word oer. Hint If you can not determine the relationship between two words, ty reading them backward. ‘Remember that acause-and-eflect relationship, for example, exists whether the paris writen (Cause: Effet or Efe: Cause. Hore’ process tht will help you with analogy questions: Answering Analogy Questions: A 3-Step Method 4 ently the relationship betwean the capitalized pale of wards. 2 Look for hat relationship inthe pats of words i the answer choices Eliminate hose ‘at donot have hat relationship. 3. Choose the pur af words whose relationship and word order match those ofthe ‘capitalized pai. ‘Lets apply this pattern toa sample question in Example. Bxample3 FISH:SEA= (A) sun: (8) hero: villain (©) moose forest (D) spacesit: astronaut © gurage:car 1 dent he relationship. 1s oct; fish can be found in hes, 2. Eliminate choices. Choice A has aelationship of casafiction; the sun isa sla. Choice has two oppo sites; hero isan antonym fr vil. Choice D consists ofa performer (estronau) and a related object (sprees. None ofthese choices mate. 3. Chasse the comet answer. Choices C and E both have location relationships: A moose canbe found ina {forest anda cr can be found in a gerge, But Choice E could only be corzect ifthe words appeared in the oppesite order ar: game. 80 Choice C must be core. A Final Word “Analogies are easier ta tackle you approach them with flexibility. Allow yourself to discover the relation - Slip between the first pir of words and to explore the relationships between the words inthe ansrer ‘choices. Keep inmind that some words can represen more than ove part of speechand thatmos| words have suliplemcnings Renenboy eleven puntesarea tol youraity edema ety as wellas logic. Connective New Woros ano Parrems 125