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Okumura Model

The document discusses modeling wireless communication channels and includes examples of different path loss models like Friis free space model, Okumura model, Hata model, and log-normal shadowing model. It provides MATLAB code to simulate signal propagation and calculate path loss for various environments, transmitter/receiver heights, frequencies and distances using these models. Plots of path loss vs distance are generated for urban, suburban and rural environments using the Hata model with different base station antenna heights.

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443 views6 pages

Okumura Model

The document discusses modeling wireless communication channels and includes examples of different path loss models like Friis free space model, Okumura model, Hata model, and log-normal shadowing model. It provides MATLAB code to simulate signal propagation and calculate path loss for various environments, transmitter/receiver heights, frequencies and distances using these models. Plots of path loss vs distance are generated for urban, suburban and rural environments using the Hata model with different base station antenna heights.

Uploaded by

rktiwary256034
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 6

https://in.mathworks.com/solutions/wireless-communications/resources.

html#channel-modeling

clc;
clear all;
close all;
Hte=30:1:100; % Base Station Antenna Height
Hre=input('Enter the receiver antenna height 3m<hre<10m : '); % Mobile Antenna
Height
d =input('Enter distance from base station 1Km<d<100Km : '); % Distance 30 Km
f=input('Enter the frequency 150Mhz<f<1920Mhz : ');
c=3*10^8;
lamda=(c)/(f*10^6);
Lf = 10*log((lamda^2)/((4*pi)^2)*d^2); % Free Space Propagation Loss
Amu = 35; % Median Attenuation Relative to Free Space (900 MHz and 30 Km)
Garea = 9; % Gain due to the Type of Environment (Suburban Area)
Ghte = 20*log(Hte/200); % Base Station Antenna Height Gain Factor
if(Hre>3)
Ghre = 20*log(Hre/3);
else
Ghre = 10*log(Hre/3);
end
% Propagation Path Loss
L50 = Lf+Amu-Ghte-Ghre-Garea;
display('Propagation pathloss is : ');
disp(L50);
plot(Hte,L50,'LineWidth',1.5);
title('Okumura Model Analysis');
xlabel('Transmitter antenna Height (Km)');
ylabel('Propagation Path loss(dB) at 50 Km');
grid on;

clc;
close all;
clear all;

d = 1:0.01:20;
hm = 5;
hb1 = 30;
hb2 = 100;
hb3 = 200;
fc = 1000;
% a. For Large Cities
% fc >= 400MHz

ahm = 3.2*(log10(11.75*hm)).^2 - 4.97;

% A. Typical Urban

L50urban1 = 69.55 + 26.16*log10(fc) + (44.9 - 6.55*log10(hb1))*log10(d) -


13.82*log10(hb1) - ahm;
L50urban2 = 69.55 + 26.16*log10(fc) + (44.9 - 6.55*log10(hb2))*log10(d) -
13.82*log10(hb2) - ahm;
L50urban3 = 69.55 + 26.16*log10(fc) + (44.9 - 6.55*log10(hb3))*log10(d) -
13.82*log10(hb3) - ahm;
% B. Typical Suburban

L50suburban1 = L50urban1 - 2*(log10(fc/28)).^2 - 5.4;


L50suburban2 = L50urban2 - 2*(log10(fc/28)).^2 - 5.4;
L50suburban3 = L50urban3 - 2*(log10(fc/28)).^2 - 5.4;

% C. Typical Rural

L50rural1 = L50urban1 - 4.78*(log10(fc)).^2 + 18.33*log10(fc) - 40.94;


L50rural2 = L50urban2 - 4.78*(log10(fc)).^2 + 18.33*log10(fc) - 40.94;
L50rural3 = L50urban3 - 4.78*(log10(fc)).^2 + 18.33*log10(fc) - 40.94;

figure(1);
plot(d, L50urban1, 'r', d, L50urban2, '--r', d, L50urban3,':r');
hold on;
plot(d, L50suburban1, 'b', d, L50suburban2, '--b', d, L50suburban3, ':b');
hold on;
plot(d, L50rural1, 'g', d, L50rural2, '--g', d, L50rural3, ':g');
hold on;

legend('large urban hb=30', 'large urban hb=100', 'large urban hb=200',


'suburban hb=30', 'suburban hb=100', 'suburban hb=200', 'rural hb=30', 'rural
hb=100','rural hb=200');

grid on;
xlabel('d [km]');
ylabel('L [dB]');
title('Hata Model for different base station ant. ht. in different
environments');
Simaple path loss model
clc;
close all;
clear all;
f = input('Enter carrrier frequency(MHz)');
c = 300;
d = 1:1:10000;
Lp =((4*pi*d*f)/c).^2;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(d,Lp,'b');
xlabel('x--> D (distance in Km)');
ylabel('y--> Lp (path loss)');
title('Free space model');
grid on
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(d,10*log(Lp),'r');
xlabel('x--> D (distance in Meter)');
ylabel('y--> Lp (Path loss in dB)');
title('Free space model');
grid on;

%long Normal shadowing


function Pr = log_normal_shadowing(Pt, Gt, Gr, lambda, L, pathlossExp, std_db, d0, d)
% log normal shadowing radio propagation model:
% Pr0 = friss(d0)
% Pr(db) = Pr0(db) - 10*n*log(d/d0) + X0
% where X0 is a Gaussian random variable with zero mean and a variance in db
% Pt * Gt * Gr * (lambda^2) d0^passlossExp (X0/10)
% Pr = --------------------------*-----------------*10
% (4 *pi * d0)^2 * L d^passlossExp
% calculate receiving power at reference distance
Pr0 = friis(Pt, Gt, Gr, lambda, L, d0);
% calculate average power loss predicted by path loss model
avg_db = -10.0 * pathlossExp * log10(d/d0);
% get power loss by adding a log-normal random variable (shadowing)
% the power loss is relative to that at reference distance d0
% question: reset rand does influcence random
rstate = randn('state');
randn('state', d);
powerLoss_db = avg_db + (randn*std_db+0); % random('Normal', 0, std_db);
randn('state', rstate);
% calculate the receiving power at distance d
Pr = Pr0 * 10^(powerLoss_db/10);
return;

clc;
clear all;
close all;
%%%%Parameters Setting%%%%%
d0=1;%1 meter
d=1;%meter
LightSpeedC=3e8;
WCDMACellular=2100*1000000;%hz
% LTECellular=2000*1000000;%hz
Freq=WCDMACellular
TXAntennaGain=1; %db
RXAntennaGain=1; %db
PTx=1e-03; % i.e. .001 watt assumptation
PathLossExponent=2; %Line Of sight
PTxdBm=10*log10(PTx*1000);
e=input ('Enter type of Environment (1 - Free Space, 2 - Urban area cellular radio, 3 -
Shadowed urban cellular radio, 4 - In building line-of-sight, 5 - Obstructed in
factories, 6 - Obstructed in building)--:');
% u=input ('Enter type of city (1 - urban , 2 - suburban, 3-rural)--:');
ht=input('Enter height of transmitting antenna(30 to 200m)--:');
hr=input('Enter height of receiving antenna(1 to 10m)--:');
d=input('Enter Distance in meter from 100 to 2000--:');
display('The Received Power for your given data is Pr0 in dB is');
if e==1
PathLossExponent=2;
elseif e==2
PathLossExponent=3.1;
elseif e==3
PathLossExponent=4;
elseif e==4
PathLossExponent=1.7;
elseif e==5
PathLossExponent=2.5;
else
PathLossExponent=5;
end
Wavelength=LightSpeedC/Freq;
Pr0=PTxdBm + TXAntennaGain + RXAntennaGain- (10*PathLossExponent*log10(4*pi/Wavelength))
display(Pr0);
figure
d=1;
% plot for entire range of frequencies
display('The plot for entire range of Distance from 100 to 2000 is shown in the plot');
h = waitbar(0,'plotting the Received Power for the entire range of Distance please
wait......');
% log normal Shadowing Radio Propagation model:
% Pr0 = friss(d0)
% Pr(db) = Pr0(db) - 10*PathLossExponent*log(d/d0) + n
% where n is a Gaussian random variable with zero mean and a variance in db
% Pt * Gt * Gr * (Wavelength^PathLossExponent) d0^PathLossExponent (n/10)
% Pr = ---------------------------------------------*-----------------------*10
% 4 *pi * d0^PathLossExponent d^PathLossExponent
% get power loss by adding a log-normal random variable (shadowing)
% the power loss is relative to that at reference distance d0
% reset rand does influcence random
rstate = randn('state');
randn('state', d);
%GaussRandom=normrnd(0,6)%mean+randn*sigma; %Help on randn
GaussRandom= (randn*0.1+0);
%disp(GaussRandom);
for d=100:2:2000
Pr1=Pr0-(10*2* log10(d/d0))+GaussRandom;
randn('state', rstate);
subplot(1,1,1);
plot(d,Pr1,'g','DisplayName','Free Space 2');hold on;
Pr2=Pr0-(10*3.1* log10(d/d0))+GaussRandom;
plot(d,Pr2,'k','DisplayName','Urban area 3.1');
Pr3=Pr0-(10*4* log10(d/d0))+GaussRandom;
plot(d,Pr3,'r','DisplayName','Shadowed urban 4');
Pr4=Pr0-(10*1.7* log10(d/d0))+GaussRandom;
plot(d,Pr4,'b','DisplayName','In building LOS 1.7');
Pr5=Pr0-(10*2.5* log10(d/d0))+GaussRandom;
plot(d,Pr5,'c','DisplayName','In factory 2.5');
title('The plot for entire range of Distance from 100 meters to 2000 meters');
legend('show','Location','southwest')
xlabel('Distance (in meters)');ylabel('Received Power (in dB)');
waitbar(d / 2000)
end
close(h);

fq = 4.5e9; % 4.5 GHz


tx = txsite('Name','Delhi', ...
'Latitude',28.6139, ...
'Longitude',77.209, ...
'Antenna',design(dipole,fq), ...
'AntennaHeight',60, ... % Units: meters
'TransmitterFrequency',fq, ... % Units: Hz
'TransmitterPower',10);
% Define receiver sites in several surrounding towns and cities
rxNames = {...
'noida, MA','gurgaon, MA','sonipat, MA','meerut, MA', ...
'faridabad, MA','ghaziabad, MA','bulandsha, MA','GraterNoida MA'};
rxLocations = [........
28.5355 77.3910 ; ... % Boston
28.4595 77.0266 ; ... % Lexington
28.9931 77.0151 ; ... % Concord
28.9845 77.7064 ; ... % Marlborough
28.4089 77.3178 ; ... % Hopkinton
28.6692 77.4538 ; ... % Holliston
28.4070 77.8498 ; ... % Foxborough
28.4744 77.5040 ]; % Quincy
% Define receiver sensitivity. Sensitivity is the minimum signal strength in
% power that is necessary for the receiver to accurately detect the signal.
rxSensitivity = -90; % Units: dBm
rxs = rxsite('Name',rxNames, ...
'Latitude',rxLocations(:,1), ...
'Longitude',rxLocations(:,2), ...
'Antenna',design(dipole,tx.TransmitterFrequency), ...
'ReceiverSensitivity',rxSensitivity); % Units: dBm
show(tx)
show(rxs)
coverage(tx,'freespace', ...
'SignalStrengths',rxSensitivity)
link(rxs,tx,'freespace')
coverage(tx,'rain','SignalStrengths', rxSensitivity)
link(rxs,tx,'rain')

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