DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

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LAB OBSERVATION MANUAL
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MEP41 - FLUID MECHANICS AND

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MACHINERY LABORATORY
 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

PAGE NO
SL NO NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT
FROM TO

1 Determination of the Coefficient of discharge of given Orifice meter.

2 Determination of the Coefficient of discharge of given Venturi meter

3 Performance Test on Centrifugal Pump

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4 Performance Test on Reciprocating Pump

5 Performance Test on Submersible Pump

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6 Performance Test on Jet Pump

7 Performance Test on Gear Oil Pump

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8 Performance Test on Pumps in series and parallel

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9 Performance Test on Pelton Wheel Turbine

10 Performance Test on Francis turbine.

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Exp No : 1 Flow through Orificemeter Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To determine the co-efficient for the given Orifice meter
Apparatus Required :
1. Orifice meter
2. Differential U tube manometer.
3. Collecting tank fitted with piezometer
4. Stop watch
5. Meter scale
Theory :
An Orifice meter is a device used to measure the discharge of any liquid flowing

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through pipeline. The pressure difference between the inlet and diaphragm of the orificemeter
is observed by a differential manometer for measured discharge.
Formula: ot
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Procedure :

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1. Measure the diameter of inlet and outlet dimensions of the collecting tank.
2. Keep the outlet valve fully closed and open the inlet valve fully.

3.
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Open the inlet valve slightly and note down the manometric head in both the limbs h1 and
h2.
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4. Close the outlet valve of the collecting tank tightly and observe the time taken for h cm
rise of water in collecting tank using stop watch.
5. Repeat the above procedure by gradually increasing the flow and observe the required
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readings.
6. Tabulate the observations and calculate the co-efficient of discharge of orificemeter.

Calculation :
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Graph :
A graph is plotted taking H on X-axis Qact on y-axis.

Result :
The co-efficient of discharge of given Orificemeter.
i) Analytical Method = _____________________ .
ii) Graphical Method = _____________________ .
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Exp No : 2 Flow through Venturimeter Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To determine the co-efficient of discharge for the given Venturimeter.

Apparatus Required :
1. Venturimeter
2. Differential U tube manometer.
3. Collecting tank fitted with piezometer
4. Stop watch
5. Meter scale
Theory :
1. Venturimeter is a device used to measure the discharge of any liquid flowing

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through the pipe line.

2. The pressure difference between the inlet and throat is observed using a

Formula:
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differential U-tube manometer for measured discharge.
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Procedure :

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1. Measure the diameter of inlet and outlet dimensions of the collecting tank.
2. Keep the outlet valve fully closed and open the inlet valve fully.

3.
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Open the inlet valve slightly and note down the manometric head in both the limbs h1 and
h2.
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4. Close the outlet valve of the collecting tank tightly and observe the time taken for h cm
rise of water in collecting tank using stop watch.
5. Repeat the above procedure by gradually increasing the flow and observe the required
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readings.
6. Tabulate the observations and calculate the co-efficient of discharge of Venturimeter.
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Calculation :

Graph :
A graph is plotted taking H on X-axis Qact on y-axis.

Result :
The co-efficient of discharge of given Venturimeter.
i) Analytical Method = _____________________ .
ii) Graphical Method = _____________________ .
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Exp No : 3 Performance Test on Centrifugal Pump Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To study the characteristics of a centrifugal pump and to draw the characteristics curve.

Apparatus Required :
1. Centrifugal pump
2. Collecting tank
3. Piezometer
4. Steel Rule
5. Stop watch
6. Energy meter

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7. Pressure gauge
8. Vacuum gauge

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Procedure :
1. Prime the pump in necessary.
2. Open the delivery valve fully (pressure gauge shows 0 kg f/cm2) and switch on the motor.
3. In the above said gate opening, note the following readings.
a) Pressure gauge reading in Kg f/cm2.
b) Vacuum gauge reading in mm of Hg.
c) Time taken for h cm rise in the collecting tank.
d) Time taken for Nr revolutions of energy meter.

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4. Now close the gate valve in such a way the pressure gauge shows 0.5 kg f/cm2
5. Repeat the step three again.
6. Repeat the experiment for other head m in six reading.

Calculation :
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Graph :

Result :
The performance characteristics of centrifugal pump was studied and the
maximum efficiency is calculated from the graph as _________________ %
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Exp No : 4 Performance Test on Reciprocating Pump Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To study the characteristics of the reciprocating pump and to determine the efficiency of
the pump.

Apparatus Required :

1. Reciprocating pump
2. Collecting tank
3. Piezometer
4. Steel Rule

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5. Stop watch
6. Energy meter
7. Pressure gauge
8. Vacuum gauge
9. Tachometer
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Formula :
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Procedure :
1. Select the required speed.
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2. Open the gate valve in the delivery pipe fully.

3. Start the motor.
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4. Throttle the gate valve to get the required head.

5. Note down the following readings.
a) The speed of the pump (N)
b) Pressure gauge (P)
c) Vaccuum gauge (V)

Calculation :

Result :
Thus the performance characteristics of the reciprocating pump was studied
and the maximum h is calculated from the graph is ______________________
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Exp No : 5 Performance Test on Submersible Pump Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To measure and represent graphically the head, power and efficiency at different flow
rate of submersible pump at constant speed.

Apparatus Required :
1. Submersiblepump
2. Collecting tank
3. Piezometer
4. Steel Rule
5. Stop watch

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6. Energy meter
7. Pressure gauge

Formulae : ot
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 Procedure :
1. The internal plane dimensions of the collecting tank and correction head in noted.
2. The speed of the energy meter and pump are noted.
3. Open the delivery valve and drive the pump.
4. The flow rate can be decreased by gradually closing the gate valve setting note down
the following reading.
a. Pressure gauge readings.
b. Time taken for 5 rotations of energy meter.
c. Time taken for 5 cm rise of water in the collecting tank.
5. The above observations are made for five set of readings at different gate valves.
Calculation :

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Graph :
i) Discharge vs Head

ii) Discharge vs ƞ
iii) Discharge vs Input

Result :
Thus the characteristics of the submersible pump is studied and the ƞ of the
Pump is determined the maximum efficiency is given by _______________________
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Thus from graph the working condition of submersible pump is studied.
Exp No : 6 Performance Test on Jet Pump Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To conduct the performance test on given jet pump at various need and discharge and to
draw the characteristics curve.
Note :
Since the centrifugal jet pump is not self priming, the pump must be filled with water
(Priming’s before staring for this reason water should not be allowed to drain and a foot valve is
provided price to operating the pump set, it must be primed.
Formula Used :

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE :
Close the delivery gate valve completely.
Short the motor and adjust the gate valve to required pressure and delivery.
Note the following :
The pressure and vacum gauge reading.
The time‘t’ for ‘N’ revolutions energy motor disc.

The time‘t’ for ‘h’ cm rise of water in collecting tank.

The above steps are required for different values

of discharge Switch of the motor.
Calculate the input, output and efficiency.

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Calculation :

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Graphs :
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The following graphs are drawn

a) Discharge vs total head
b) Discharge vs power input
c) Discharge vs Efficiency

Result :
The performance test of a given jet, pump was conducted and the characteristic curves are
drawn.

The maximum efficiency = ___________________________.

Exp No : 7 Performance Test on Gear Oil Pump Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To conduct the performance test on given gear oil pump and to draw the characteristic
curve.
Apparatus Required :
1. Gear oil pump
2. Collecting tank
3. Piezometer
4. Steel Rule
5. Stop watch
6. Energy meter

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7. Pressure gauge

Formula Used :
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Procedure :
Close the delivery gate valve completely.
Start the motor and adjust the gate value for the required pressure and delivery.
Note the following readings :
The pressure and vaccum gauge leadings.
The time ‘t’ for 5 flickering of energy meter.
The time‘t’ for 10 cm rise of water in collecting tank.
The above steps are repeated for different valves of
discharge. Switch off the motor.
Calculate the input, output & efficiency.

Calculation :

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Graphs :
The following graphs can be drawn
a) Discharge vs Total Head
b) Discharge vs Power Input
c) Discharge vs Efficiency

Result :
The performance test on a gear oil pump was conducted and the characteristics
curves are obtained. Maximum efficiency = _____________________________
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Exp No : 9 Performance Test on Pelton Wheel Turbine Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To conduct the load test on the given Pelton wheel turbine by keeping constant gate
opening and variable speed and to draw the characteristic curve.

Apparatus Required :
Pelton wheel setup

Supply tank

Brake drum

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Tachometer

Pressure gauge

Formula Used :
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Procedure :
1. The supply pump is first started with the discharge valve fully closed.
2. The gate valuve is fully opened and the head of the water supplied on the turbine in
adjusted regularly by discharge valve.
3. The following observation are noted.
a) Monometer reading.
b) Pressure gauge reading
c) Shaft Speed
d) Dead weight on the hanger
e) Spring balance reading
4. Load on the turbine is increased by adding weight in the hanger.

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5. Repeat the above procedure 5 readings and tabulate.
Calculation :
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Graph :
Speed vs Q
Speed vs head
Speed vs Input

Speed vs h
Result :
Thus the load test on the given Pelton wheel turbine is obtained and the characteristics curve is
obtained against various parameters and the maximum h is determined as _________________ %.
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Exp No : 10 Francis Turbine Date:

Aim of the Experiment :

To study the characteristics of a Francis turbine and to plot the characteristic curves.

Apparatus Required :
Francis turbine unit

Supply tank

Stop watch

Tachometer

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Rope brake drum

Pressure gauge
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Procedure :
1. Keep the guide valves at required opening. Prime the supply pump if necessary.
2. Close the main suction gate valve and then start the pump. The guide vanes in the
pump should also be in the closed condition.
3. Then slowly open the suction gate valve and also open the clock fitted to the pressure
gauge and see that the pump develops the required head. If required head is developed
then slowly open the guide vanes by operating the hand wheel until the turbine reaches
the normal speed.
4. Load the turbine by adding weights to the hanger provided at the same time open the
water inlet valve and allow some cold water through the brake drum in order to carry
away the heat generated during loading the turbine.

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5. Note the following reading.
a) Using tachometer measure the turbine speed in rpm
b) The pressure gauge and vacuum gauge reading
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c) The venturimeter reading
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d) Spring balance
e) Dead weight added in the hanger
6. Increase the dead load in the hanger and repeat the above procedure for 5 readings.
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Calculation :
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Graph :
The following graphs are drawn by taking speed along X-axis.
a) Speed vs Discharge
b) Speed vs head
c) Speed vs Output
d) Speed vs Efficiency
Result :
Thus the performance test on Francis Turbine was conducted and the characteristic
curves are plotted and the maximum efficiency is _________________ .