Form 4: Chapter 9 (Differentiation)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 1

1 (a) y = 15x(3 – x) x 1 1
∴ = =
= 45x – 15x 2 y y 4
y
= 45 – 30x
x
4– 2
x  
x       
Rate of change of x:
y
When = 0, x x y
x = ×
45 – 30x = 0 t y t
1 Rate of change of
x = 1.5 = ×2
4 y = 2 units
(b) When x = 1.5, y = 15(1.5)(3 – 1.5) = 33.75 
4– 2
x 
 2y 1
= –30 (negative) = ×2
x 2 4
Therefore, y is a maximum. 4–
32 
9
= units s–1
y y 16
2 ≈
x x
y 1
dx ≈ × dx 5 g(x) =
x 6(3x – 4)2
= (2x + 3) × (2.01 – 2) 1
= (3x – 4)–2
= (2 × 2 + 3) × 0.01 6
= 0.07 –2
g(x) = (3x – 4)–3(3)
6
= –(3x – 4)–3
3 y = 3x 3 (2x – 1)3 g(x) = 3(3x – 4)–4(3)
= 9(3x – 4)–4
Let u = 3x 3 and v = (2x – 1)3
9
u v =
= 9x 2 = 3(2x – 1)2(2) (3x – 4)4
x x
1 9 1
= 6(2x – 1)2 
∴ g
3
=
1 4 =
9
y v
=u +v
u 
3× –4
3 
x x x
= 3x 3[6(2x – 1)2] + (2x – 1)3(9x 2)
= 18x 3(2x – 1)2 + 9x 2(2x – 1)3 1
6 V = πh2 (21 – h)
3
= 9x 2(2x – 1)2[2x + (2x – 1)] 1
= 9x 2(2x – 1)2(4x – 1) = 7πh2 – πh3
3
V
4 = 14πh – πh2
h

4 y = 4x + = 4x + 4x –1
x h 1
y 4 =
V
14πh – πh2
= 4 – 4x –2 = 4 – 2
x x
Rate of change of depth of water
h
=
t

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 h V At a maximum point,
= × y
V t
=0
1 x
= ×9 –2x + 16 = 0
14πh – πh2
1 –2k + 16 = 0
= ×9 k=8
14π(3) – π(3)2
3
= cm s–1
11π 9
12 y = = 9x –2
x2
7 y = (x + 3)2 = x 2 + 6x + 9 y 18
= –18x –3 = – 3
y x x
= 2x + 6 y y
x
≈
x x
1
If the gradient of the normal is – , then the y
6 dy ≈ × dx
gradient of the tangent is 6. x
y 18
∴ =6 = – 3 (u)
x x
2x + 6 = 6 18
= – 3 (u)
x = 0 3
2
When x = 0, y = (0 + 3)2 = 9 =– u
3
Hence, the coordinates of point Q are (0, 9).
13 The normal to the curve y = x 2 – 7x at point L is
1 parallel to the straight line y = –x – 10.
8 y = u6
3
1 y = x 2 – 7x
= (3x – 6)6
3
y 6 L
= (3x – 6)5 (3)
x 3
= 6(3x – 6)5

9 (a) y = 3 + 14x – 2x 3
y
= 14 – 6x 2 y = –x – 10
x
y
When x = 2, = 14 – 6(2)2 = –10
x m (normal) = –1
y 1
(b) dy ≈ × dx m (tangent) = – =1
x (–1)
= (–10) × [(2 + k) – 2] y
=1
= –10k x
2x – 7 = 1
10 Gradient = 4 x = 4
y
=4 When x = 4, y = 42 – 7(4) = –12
x
2kx + 7 = 4 Hence, the equation of the normal at the point
2k(–1) + 7 = 4 L(4, –12) is
–2k = –3 y – (–12) = –1(x – 4)
1 y + 12 = –x + 4
k=1
2 y = –x – 8

11 y = –x 2 + 16x – 48 14 (a) h′(x) = 3kx2 – 6x + 4

y (b) h″(x) = 6kx – 6
= –2x + 16
x
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 When h″(1) = 5, Volume of cylinder
6k(1) – 6 = 5 V = πr 2h
k = 11 ( )
2
V = π  x y
6 2π
( )
2
V = π  x 2 (25 – x)
15 y = x2(3 + px) 4π
y = 3x2 + px3
V = 1  (25x2 – x3)
y 4π
= 6x + 3px2
dx dV = 1  (50x – 3x2)
Gradient = 8 when x = –2: dx 4π
6(–2) + 3p(–2)2 = 8 = 1  x(50 – 3x)
dV
–12 + 12p = 8 dx 4π
12p = 20 When V has a stationary value,
p=5 dV = 0
3
dx
16
P 5x Q
1  x(50 – 3x) = 0
4π
x = 50
4–x 3
y = 25 – 50 = 25
S R
3 3
2
 V 1
=  (50 – 6x)
A = 5x(4 – x) dx2 4π
A = 20x – 5x2
When x = 50 ,
dA = 20 – 10x 3
dx
[ ( )]
2
 V =   50 – 6  50 = – 25 ( 0)
1
When A is a maximum, dx2 4π 3 2π
dA = 0
Hence, the volume of the cylinder is a maximum.
dx
20 – 10x = 0 When the volume of the cylinder is a maximum,
x=2 the measurements of the rectangle are as follows:
Thus, the length of PQRS is 5x = 5(2) = 10 cm and
the breadth of PQRS is 4 – x = 4 – 2 = 2 cm Length = 16 2 cm
3
Hence, the perimeter of PQRS is 1
Width = 8  cm
10 + 2 + 10 + 2 = 24 cm. 3

18
17
y cm y cm x

r cm
x
x cm
x
V = x3
64 = x3
x=4
Perimeter of rectangle = 50 cm
2x + 2y = 50 A = 6x2
x + y = 25 dA = 12x
y = 25 – x dx
Perimeter of the right end of the cylinder is equal dx = dx × dA
to the length of the rectangle dt dA dt
2πr = x = 1 × 12
12x
r= x
2π = 1 × 12
12(4)
= 0.25 cm s–1
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 Paper 2

1 2 y = 2x 3 – 3x 2 – 12x + 11
0.5 m
y
= 6x 2 – 6x – 12
x
 2y
2 = 12x – 6
rm
0.7 m x
hm (a) At turning point,
y
=0
2 x
6x – 6x – 12 = 0
Using the concept of similar triangles,
x 2 – x – 2 = 0
r h
= (x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
0.5 0.7
x = –1 or 2
h
r = × 0.5
0.7 When x = –1,
5 y = 2(–1)3 – 3(–1)2 – 12(–1) + 11
= h
7 = 18
1 ∴ (–1, 18) is a turning point.
V = πr 2h
3
When x = –1,
1 5 2
= π  h h
3 7    2y
x 2
= 12(–1) – 6 = –18 (negative)
25 3
= πh ∴ (–1, 18) is a maximum point.
147
When x = 2,
V 25
= π (3h2) y = 2(2)3 – 3(2)2 – 12(2) + 11
h 147 = –9
V 25 2
= πh ∴ (2, –9) is a turning point.
h 49
h 49 When x = 2,
=
V 25πh2  2y
= 12(2) – 6 = 18 (positive)
x 2
∴ (2, –9) is a minimum point.
Rate of change of the height of the water level:
h h V
= × (b) At point (3, 2),
t V t y
h 49 = 6(3)2 – 6(3) – 12
2 × 0.1
= x
t 25πh
= 24
  mtangent = 24
Rate of increase of the volume of water:
V ∴ mnormal = – 1
= 0.1 m3 s–1 24
t
      
The equation of normal is
h 49
= 2 × 0.1 y – 2 = – 1 (x – 3)
t 25π(0.3) 24
h 49 24(y – 2) = –(x – 3)
t
= 2 × 0.1 24y – 48 = –x + 3
25(3.142)(0.3)
= 0.6931 m s–1 24y = –x + 51
At the x-axis, y = 0.
24(0) = –x + 51
x = 51
∴ P is point (51, 0).

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 y 4
= 3x2 – 18x + 24
3 (a)
dx x x
Gradient at A(3, 3)
= 3(3)2 – 18(3) + 24 y
= –3

(b) Gradient of normal at A = 1 2x

3
(a) Perimeter = 6 m
Equation of normal at A is
2y + 2x + πx = 6
y – 3 = 1  (x –3) 2y = 6 – 2x – πx
3
3y – 9 = x – 3 y = 6 – 2x – πx
3y = x + 6 2
A = Area of rectangle + Area of semicircle
(c) At turning points,
y A = 2xy + 1  πx2
=0 2
dx
2
3x – 18x + 24 = 0
x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
A = 2x (
6 –
2 )
2x + πx + 1  πx2
2
(x – 2)(x – 4) = 0 A = 6x – 2x – πx +  πx2
2 2 1
x = 2 or 4 2
x = 2 is not accepted. 2
A = 6x – 2x –  πx1 2

∴x=4 2
When x = 4,
(b) dA = 6 – 4x – πx
y = 43 – 9(4)2 + 24(4) – 15 dx
= 1 When A has a stationary value,
∴ The coordinates of point Q are (4, 1).
dA = 0
 2y dx
= 6x – 18
dx2 6 – 4x – πx = 0
When x = 4, (4 + π)x = 6
 2y
= 6(4) – 18 = 6 (positive) x= 6
dx2 4+π
Hence, Q is a minimum point. d 2
A
= – 4 – π ( 0)
dx2
Thus, A has a maximum value.
Hence, the width of the window
= 2x = 2( 6
4 + 3.142 ) = 1.680 m

ACE ANALYSIS Additional Mathematics SPM

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