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Measures of Dispersion PDF

In English, Mario's standard score is (75-65)/10 = 1 In History, Mario's standard score is (90-80)/20 = 0.5 Therefore, Mario performed better in English relative to the class average.

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Erika Mae Legaspi
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372 views19 pages

Measures of Dispersion PDF

In English, Mario's standard score is (75-65)/10 = 1 In History, Mario's standard score is (90-80)/20 = 0.5 Therefore, Mario performed better in English relative to the class average.

Uploaded by

Erika Mae Legaspi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measures of

Dispersion

1
2

Definition
 Measures of dispersion indicate the extent to which
individual items in a series are scattered about an average.
 Themore similar the scores are to each other, the lower the
measure of dispersion will be
 Theless similar the scores are to each other, the higher the
measure of dispersion will be
 In general, the more spread out a distribution is, the larger
the measure of dispersion will be
3

Measures of Dispersion
 Which of the
125
distributions of scores 100

has the larger


75
50

dispersion?
25
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

125
100
75
50
25
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4

Measures of Absolute Dispersion


Measures of absolute dispersion are expressed in
the units of the original observations.
There are three main measures of absolute dispersion:
The range
The semi-interquartile range (SIR)
Variance / standard deviation
5

The Range
 The range is defined as the difference between the largest score in
the set of data and the smallest score in the set of data, XL – XS

 The range is used when


 you have ordinal data or
 you are presenting your results to people with little or no
knowledge of statistics
 What is the range of the following data:
4 8 1 6 6 2 9 3 6 9
 Two
very different sets of data can have the same range:
1 1 1 1 9 vs 1 3 5 7 9
6

The Standard Deviation and the


Variance
Variance is the mean of the squared deviation scores
The larger the variance is, the more the scores deviate, on
average, away from the mean
The smaller the variance is, the less the scores deviate, on
average, from the mean
7

The Standard Deviation and the


Variance
 When the deviate scores are squared in variance, their unit of
measure is squared as well
 E.g. If people’s weights are measured in pounds, then the
variance of the weights would be expressed in pounds (or
2

squared pounds)
 Since squared units of measure are often awkward to deal with,
the square root of variance is often used instead
 The standard deviation is the square root of variance
8

The Standard Deviation and the


Variance (for ungrouped data)
Sample- Population-
s: Standard Deviation σ: Standard Deviation
s2: Variance σ2: Variance

N is the population.
n is the sample.
9

Computational Formula Example


xi xi - (xi -)
2

9
8
6
5
8
6
 = 42  = 0  = 12
10

Computational Formula Example


xi xi - (xi -)
2

9
8
6
5
8
6
 = 42  = 0  = 12
11

The Standard Deviation and the


Variance (for grouped data)
12

Computational Formula Example


Score
50 – 54 10
55 – 59 3
60 – 64 8
65 – 69 13
70 – 74 17
75 – 79 19
80 – 84 22
85 – 89 13
90 – 94 4
95 – 99 1
Total 110
13

Measures of Relative Dispersion


Measures of relative dispersion are unit-less and are used
when one wishes to compare the scatter of one distribution with
another distribution.

Some measures of absolute dispersion:


Coefficient of Variation
Standard Score
14

Coefficient of Variation
15

Coefficient of Variation
Example: A laboratory technician studied recent instruments
made with two different instruments. The 1 measured the
st

diameter of a ball bearing and obtained a mean of 4.96 mm with


SD of 0.022 mm. the second ball measured the diameter of a metal
rod and obtained a mean of 6.48 mm with SD of 0.032 mm. which
of the two was relatively more precise?
16

Coefficient of Variation
Example: A laboratory technician studied recent instruments
made with two different instruments. The 1 measured the
st

diameter of a ball bearing and obtained a mean of 4.96 mm with


SD of 0.022 mm. the second ball measured the diameter of a metal
rod and obtained a mean of 6.48 mm with SD of 0.032 mm. which
of the two was relatively more precise?

∴ Instrument #1 is relatively more precise.


17

Standard Score
18

Standard Score
Example: Mario got a grade of 75% in English and a grade of 90%
in History. The mean grade in English is 65% and SD is 10%,
whereas in History, the mean grade is 80% and SD is 20%, in
which subject did Mario perform well?
19

Standard Score
Example: Mario got a grade of 75% in English and a grade of 90%
in History. The mean grade in English is 65% and SD is 10%,
whereas in History, the mean grade is 80% and SD is 20%, in
which subject did Mario perform well?

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