Department of Ship Technology, CUSAT, B.

Tech (NA&SB), Batch- XXXII

CHAPTER 8

MIDSHIP SECTION

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8.1 INTRODUCTION

Midship section design is in accordance with Common Strucrural Rules for Double Hull
Oil Tankers, which is to be followed by all classification societies. These Rules apply to double hull oil
tankers of 150m length and upward classed with the Society and contracted for construction on or after
1 April 2006. These requirements reflect regulation 13F of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 with the other
features. Fig. 8.1 is a typical midship section of a double skin tanker.

Fig. 8.1 is a typical midship section of a double skin tanker.

Fig. 8.1 - Typical midship section of a double skin tanker

8.1.1 DEFINITIONS

a) L : Rule length, in m, is the distance, in meters, on the summer load water line from
the forward side of the stem to the after side of the rudderpost or to the center of
the rudder stock, if there is no rudder post. L is neither to be less than 96% nor to
be greater than 97% of the extreme length on the summer load water line.

97% of extreme length of LWL = 215 m

b) B : Breadth at amidships or greatest breadth, in meters.

B = 31.8 m

c) D : Depth is measured, in meters, at the middle of the length L, from top of the
keel to top of the deck beam at side on the uppermost continuous deck.

D = 15.8 m

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d) T : T is the summer load draught in m, measured from top of keel.

T = 11.6 m

e) LPP : Distance in m on the summer LWL from foreside of the stem to after side of
rudder post, or to the center of the rudder stock, if there is no rudder post.
LPP = 215 m

f) CB : Moulded block coefficient at draught T corresponding to summer waterline,

based on rule length L and moulded breadth B, as follows:

Moulded displacement (m3) at draught T

CB =
L.B.T
g) b : The width of plating supported by the primary member or secondary
member in m or mm respectively.

h) be : The effective width, in m, of end brackets.

i) bI : The minimum distance from side shell to the inner hull or outer
longitudinal bulkhead measured inboard at right angles to the center line at
summer load water line, in m

j) db : The distance, in m, between the bottom of the cargo tanks and the molded
line of the bottom shell plating measured at right angles to the bottom shell
plating.

k) ds : The distance, in m, between the cargo tank boundary and the molded line
of the side shell plating.

l) h : The load height applied to the item under consideration, in m.

m) kL :Higher tensile steel factors. For mild steel, kL, k may be taken as 1.

n) le : Effective length, in m, of the primary or secondary member, measured

between effective span points.

o) s : Spacing of secondary members, in mm.

p) t : Thickness of plating, in mm.

q) I : Moment of inertia, in cm4, of the primary or secondary member, in

association with an effective width of attached plating.

r) Z : Section modulus, in cm3, of the primary or secondary member, in

association with an effective width of attached plating.

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s) L1 : Length of ship in meters, but need not be greater than 190m.

t) S : Overall span of frame, in mm

u) CW : Wave head, in m.

v) RB : Bilge radius, in mm.

w) FD, FB: Local scantling reduction factor above neutral axis and below neutral axis
respectively.

FD = 0.67, for plating and 0.75, for longitudinals

FB = 0.67, for plating and 0.75, for longitudinals

x) C : Maximum compressive hull vertical bending stress, in N/mm2

y) O : Specified minimum yield stress, in N/mm2

z) T1 : T but to be taken not less than 0.05L m

T = 11.6 m

aa) hT1 : T + CW m but need not be taken greater than 1.36 T

bb) hT2 : T + 0.5CW m but need not be taken greater than 1.2 T

cc) c1 : 60 / (225 – 165 FD) at deck; 1.0 at D/2; 75 / (225 – 150FB) at base line of ship

dd) c2 : 165 / (345 – 180FB) at deck; 1.0 at D/2; 165/(345 – 180FB) at base line of ship

ee) D1 : D, in m, but is to be taken not  10 and need not be taken 16

D1 = 16m

ff) R : sin, where  is the roll angle in degrees &

sin = (0.45 + 0.1L/B)(0.54 – L / 1270)

gg) dDB : Rule depth of center girder, in mm

hh) SS : Span of the vertical web, in m

ii) tW : Thickness of web, in mm

jj) tB : Thickness of end bracket plating, in mm

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8.1.2 CLASS NOTATION

Vessel is designed to be classed as ‘100 A1 Double Hull Oil Tanker CSR, ESP.’
ESP means Enhanced Survey Program. This is for seagoing tanker having integral cargo
tanks for carriage of oil having flash point > 60o C.

8.1.3 CARGO TANK BOUNDARY REQUIREMENTS

a) Minimum double side width (ds) in m

ds = 2.5 m

b) Minimum double bottom depth (dB)

A double bottom height of 2 m is provided to get the required ballast volume.

 dB = 2m

Structural configuration adopted has a single centerline longitudinal bulkhead. For

length of cargo tanks and tank boundaries refer General Arrangement Plan in project drawing
XXXII/02.

8.1.4 TYPE OF FRAMING SYSTEM

The bottom shell, inner bottom and deck are longitudinally framed (for
L > 75m). The side shell, inner hull bulkheads and long bulkheads are also longitudinally
framed (L > 150m). When the side shell is longitudinally framed, the inner hull bulkhead is
also to be framed longitudinally. Primary members are defined as girders, floors,
transverses and other supporting members.

8.2. LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH

8.2.1 MINIMUM HULL SECTION MODULUS [LRS Part 3, Chapter 4, Section 5]

The hull midship section modulus about the transverse neutral axis, at the deck or
keel is to be not less than
Z min = f1KL C1L2B (CB + 0.7) x 10-6 m3
f1 = ship service factor. To be specially considered depending
upon the service restriction and in any event should not be
less than 0.5. For unrestricted sea going service f1 = 1.0

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 f1 taken as 1

For M.S; KL = 1 (LRS Part 3 Chap.2 Sec 1.2)

C1 = 10.75 – [(300-L)/100] 1.5 for 90m<L<300m
= 9.97
CB = Block Coefficient = 0.79

 Zmin = 21.84 m3

8.2.2 HULL ENVELOPE PLATING

Itemization of parts is shown in figure 8.2.

Fig. 8.2 Itemization of parts

For longitudinally framed system [LRS Part 4, Chapter 9, Section 4]

a) Deck plating

t = s/J + 2.0

s = spacing of deck longitudinals = 850 mm

J = 79.36

 t = 12.71 mm

Selected t = 14 mm

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b) Sheer strake

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

i) t = 0.0042 s  hT1k

s = spacing of longitudinals = 850 mm

hT1 = 1.36T

= 15.78 m

k = 1, for mild steel

 t = 14.18 mm

Or

ii) t = s/J + 2.0

 t = 12.71 mm

Selected t = 16 mm

c) Side shell above mid-depth

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

i) t = 0.001s(0.059L1 + 7)  FD/ kL

s = spacing of side shell longitudinals = 850 mm

FD = 0.67 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

L1 = 190 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

kL = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 t = 12.67 mm

Or

ii) t = 0.0042 s hT1k , whichever is greater

hT1 = 15.78 m, as shown in pervious sections

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

t = 14.18 m

Selected t = 16 mm

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d) Side shell below mid-depth

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

i) t = 0.001s (0.059L1 + 7) FB/kL

= 12.67 mm

Or

ii) t = 0.0042 s hT1k

s = spacing of shell longitudinals = 850 mm

 t = 14.18 mm

Or

iii) t = 0 .0054 s  hT2k/(2-FB)

hT2 = 1.2T

= 13.92 m

FB = 0.67 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 t = 14.85 mm

Selected t = 16 mm

e) Bottom shell and bilge (framed)

The greatest of the following is to be taken:

i) t = s/J + 2.0

s = spacing of bottom and bilge longitudinals = 850 mm

J = 79.36
 t = 12.71 mm

Or

ii) t = 0.0052s hT2k/(1.8-FB)

hT2 = 1.2T

= 13.92 m

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FB = 0.67 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 t = 15.51 mm

Selected t = 16 mm

f) Keel Plating

Keel plating should be equal to thickness of bottom shell + 2 mm

 t = 18 mm,

But need not exceed

t = 25  k = 25 mm

Selected t = 18 mm

Width of keel plate is to be not less than 70B mm, but shouldnot exceed 1800 mm
and is to be not less than 750 mm.

selected bkl = 1800 mm

g) Inner bottom Plating

t0
t =
2 - FB

t0 = 0.005s kh1

s = spacing of inner bottom longitudinals = 700mm

k = 1

h1 = (h+D1/8)

h = distance in m, from the plate in consideration to the

highest point of the tank, excluding hatchway.

= 13.8 m

 h1 = 15.77 m

 t0 = 0.005*850*√ (1*15.77) mm

= 16.88 mm

t = 14.64 mm

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Selected t = 16 mm

8.2.3 HULL FRAMING

a) Bottom Longitudinals

The section modulus of bottom longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not
to be less than greater of the following:

i) Z = 0.056kh1sle2F1FS cm3

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than

L1/56m or (0.01L1 + 0.7) m, whichever is greater &

need not be taken greater than (0.75 D + D1/8), for
bottom longitudinals.

h0 = distance in m, from the midpoint of span of stiffener

to highest point of tank, excluding hatchway.

= 15.8 m

D1 = 15.8 m (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 h1 = 17.77 m

s = spacing of bottom longitudinals = 850 mm

le = 5s,

Where,

le = effective span of longitudinals which are assumed

to be supported by web frames spaced at 5s,where

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s is the basic frame spacing in midship region
equal to 850 mm

le = 4.25 m

F1 = Dc1/(25D-20h)

c1 = 75/(225 – 150FB), at base line of ship.

FB = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 c1 = 0.602

h = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in

meters

= 15.8 m

D = 15.8 m (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 F1 = 0.12

FS = 1, at upper deck at side and at the base line

 Z = 1833.38 cm3

ii) Z = 0.0051kh3sle2F2 cm3

k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

h3 = h0 +Rb1, but not greater than. 0.75 D + Rb1

b1 = 15.05 m

R = (0.45+0.1 L/B)(0.54 – L/1270) = 0.42

D = 15.8m
 h3 = 22.12 m

s = 850 mm

le = 4.25 m

F2 = Dc2/(3.18D-2.18h)

= 0.735

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c2 = 165/(345 – 180FB)

FB = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 c2 = 0.735

h = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters

= 15.8 m

 Z = 1273.03 cm3

Greater of the two is to be taken, i.e. Z = 1833.38 cm3

Section selected – bulb plate HP = 430X14

Actual Z including attached plating = 1885 cm3

b) Deck Longitudinals

The modulus of deck longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not to be less
than greater of the following:
i) Z = 0.056kh1sl2eF1FS cm3
k = 1 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)
h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than L1/56 m or
(0.01L1 + 0.7) m, whichever is greater
h0 = 0 (for deck longitudinals)
L1 = 190 m
D1 = 15.8 m
(h0 + D1/8) = 1.97 m
L1/56 = 3.39 m
(0.01L1 + 0.7) = 2.6 m

 h1 = L1/56 = 3.39 m

s = 850 mm
le = 4.25 m
F1 = Dc1 / (4D + 20h)
h = 0 (for deck longitudinals)
c1 = 60 / (225 – 165FD) at deck = 0.524

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FD = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 c1 = 0.524

 F1 = 0.131

Fs = 1, at upper deck at side and at baseline of ship

 Z = 381.82 cm3

ii) Z = 0.0051kh3sl2eF2 cm3

R = 0.42
b1 = 15.05 m
h3 = h0 + Rb1
= 6.32 m
s = 850 mm
le = 4.25 m
F2 = Dc2 / (D + 2.18h)
c2 = 165 / (345 – 180FD)
FD = 0.75 (refer ‘DEFINITIONS’)

 c2 = 0.735

 F2 = 0.735

 Z = 363.72 cm3

Greatest of the two is to be taken, i.e. Z = 381.82 cm3

Section selected – bulb plate HP = 240X11

Actual Z including attached plating = 390 cm3

c) Side Shell Longitudinals

From standardization point of view the side shell is divided into longitudinal
fields as shown in fig 8.3. Design of the longitudinals for each field is done using
the information for the lowest longitudinal in each field.

The modulus of side shell longitudinals within the cargo tank region is not to be
less than greater of the following:

i) Z = 0.056kh1sle2F1Fs cm3

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ii) Z = 0.0051kh3sle2F2 cm3

Where,

h1 = (h0 + D1/8), but in no case be taken less than L1/56 m or

(0.01L1 + 0.7) m, whichever is greater

s = 850mm

le = 4.25 m

k = 1

FD = 0.75

D1 = 15.8

L1 = 190 m

L1/56 = 3.39

0.01L1 + 0.7 = 2.6

h0 = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters

h3 = h0 + Rb1

For side longitudinals above D/2,

F1 = Dc1 / (4D + 20h)

F2 = Dc2 / (D + 2.18h)

For side longitudinals below D/2,

F1 = Dc1/(25D-20h)

F2 = Dc2/(3.18D-2.18h)

Table 8.1 shows the scantlings of the side longitudinals.

Item REG 1 REG 2 REG 3 REG 4

h0 (m) 13.8 12 8 4
D1 (m) 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8
h1(m) 15.77 13.97 9.97 5.97
h3(m) 18.48 18.48 14.64 10.64
F1 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
F2 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.735
Fs 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

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a) Z cm3 1627.04 1441.33 1028.63 615.94

b) Z cm3 1063.55 1063.55 842.55 612.34
Taken Z
1665 1578 1219 677
cm3
Section Bulb plate Bulb plate Bulb plate Bulb plate
Scantling 400X16 400X14 370X13 300X11

Table 8.1 Determination of scantlings of side longitudinals

8.2.4 INNER HULL, INNER BOTTOM AND CENTERLINE LONGITUDINAL

BULKHEAD

The inner hull, inner bottom and longitudinal bulkheads are longitudinally framed.
The symbols used in this section are defined as follows:

b1 = the greatest distance in meters, from the centre of the plate

panel or midpoint of the stiffener span, to the corners at top
of the tank on either side.

c1 = 60 / (225 – 165FD) at deck

= 1.0 at D/2

= 75/(225 – 150FB), at base line of ship

c2 = 165/(345 – 180FB) at deck

= 1.0 at D/2

= 165/(345 – 180FD) at baseline of ship

h = load height, in meters measured vertically as follows:

(a) for bulkhead plating the distance from a point one third
of the height of the plate panel above its lower edge to the
highest point of the tank, excluding hatchway

(b) for bulkhead stiffeners or corrugations, the distance

from the midpoint of span of the stiffener or corrugation to
the highest point of the tank, excluding hatchway

h1 = (h + D1/8), but not less than 0.72(h + Rb1)

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h2 = (h + D1/8), in meters, but in no case be taken less than
L1/56 m or (0.01L1 + 0.7) m, whichever is greater

h3 = distance of longitudinal below deck at side, in meters, but

is not to be less than 0

h4 = h + Rb1

h5 = h2 but is not to be less than 0.55h4

t0 = 0.005s kh1

t1 = t0(0.84 + 0.16(tm/t0)2)

tm = minimum value of t0 within 0.4D each side of mid depth

of bulkhead

a) Inner hull and Centerline Longitudinal Bulkhead scantlings

For the determination of scantlings of Inner hull and Centerline Longitudinal

Bulkhead [16, Part 4, Chapter 9], the fields considered are

Region1: 0.1D of the deck

h = 1.05 m

h1 = 3.02

h1 should not be less than 0.72(h+Rb1)

b1 = 26.8 m

h1 = 8.86

t = t0

t0 = 0.005*850*√1*8.86

= 12.65 mm

t = 14 mm

Region2: 0.1D of the bottom shell

h = 13.27 m

h1 = 15.24 m

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t0 = 0.005s kh1

= 16.59 mm

t = to/2-FB (part 4, section 6, chapter 9, table 9.6.1)

t = 14.83 mm

t = 16 mm

Elsewhere:

t = t1

But not less than

t = 0.0009s (0.059L + 7)

i) t = 0.0009s (0.059L + 7)

= 15.06 mm

ii) t = t0 (0.84 +0.16(tm/t0)2)

t0 = 0.005s kh1

Region of 0.4D of the deck:

h = 4.21 m

h1 = 11.36 m

t0 = 14.32 mm

Region of 0.4D of the bottom shell

h = 11.69 m

h1 = 17.26 m

t0 = 17.66 mm

t = 15.06 mm

 t = 16 mm

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b) C.L Longitudinal Bulk Head Longitudinals and Inner Hull Longitudinals

Inner hull and longitudinal bulkheads are to be horizontally stiffened. The modulus
of longitudinals is not to be less than greater of the following:

i) Z = 0.056kh2sle2F1 cm3

ii) Z = 0.0051kh4sle2F2 cm3

The inner hull and bulkhead plating is divided into various strakes for the
determination of centre line bulkhead longitudinals and inner hull longitudinals. The
scantlings of longitudinals are shown in table 8.2

L1/56 = 3.39

0.01L1 + 0.7 = 2.6

s = 850mm

le = 4.25 m

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4

h(m) 13.2 10.67 6.67 2.67
h1(m) 18.62 16.56 13.26 10.12
h2(m) 15.17 12.64 8.64 4.64
h4(m) 25.86 23 18.42 14.06
C1 0.602 0.602 0.602 0.602
C2 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.735
F1 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
F2 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.735
3
Z1(cm ) 1565.13 1304.11 891.41 478.72
3
Z2(cm ) 1488.27 1323.68 1060.09 809.17
Taken
1578 1578 1219 824
Z(cm3)
Section Bulb plate Bulb plate Bulb plate Bulb plate
Scantling 400X14 400X14 370X13 320X12

Table 8.2 Determination of scantlings of Centerline longitudinal bulkhead longitudinals

and inner hull longitudinals

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c) Inner Bottom Longitudinals

The modulus of longitudinals is not to be less than greater of the following:

i) Z = 0.056kh2sl2eF1 cm3

h = 13.8 m

D1 = 15.8 m

h2 = h + D1 / 8 = 15.77 m

F1 = 0.12

 Z = 1627 cm3

ii) Z = 0.0051kh4sl2eF2 cm3

h4 = h + Rb1 = 25.05 m

F2 = 0.735

 Z = 1441.66 cm3

Section modulus of inner bottom longitudinals is to be greater than 1627 cm3.

Hence, bulb plate section 400X16 is taken having section modulus of 1665 cm3.

8.2.5 PRIMARY MEMBERS SUPPORTING THE HULL LONGITUDINAL

FRAMING

a) Centre girder

i) Minimum depth of centre girder

dDB = 28B + 205 T mm

= 1600 mm

dDB = 2000 mm

(depth of double bottom is 2 m)

ii) Minimum thickness of centre girder

t = (0.008dDB + 1)  k

= 17 mm

Given thickness = 18 mm

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b) Floors and Side Girders

t = (0.007 dDB + 1)  k

= 15 mm

But not to exceed 12.0 k mm i.e. 12 mm

 t = 12 mm

Selected t = 16 mm

c) Deck Transverses

Section modulus of deck transverses is not to be less than

Z = 53.75 (0.0269SL + 0.8) (ST + 1.83)k cm3

S = 4.25 m
L = 215 m
ST = span of transverse
= 13.4 m
 Z = 53.75 (0.0269  3.5  215 + 0.8) (13.4 + 1.83)  1
= 20776 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

1400X25 web and 600X25 flange with the section modulus as 21609 cm3

d) Vertical web on centerline longitudinal bulkhead

Section modulus of vertical web is to be not less than

Z = K3shsSs2k (cm3)

K3 = 2.16

s = 4.25 m

hs = distance between the lower span point of the vertical web

and the moulded deck line at centreline, in meters

= 13.6 m

Ss = span of vertical web, in meters, and is to be measured

between end span points.

= 12.75 m

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 Z = 20295.60 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

1400X25 web and 600X25 flange with the section modulus as 21609 cm3

e) Vertical web on wing tanks

Section modulus of vertical web in wing tanks can be taken same as the vertical web
on centerline longitudinal bulkhead

Z = K3ShsSs2k (cm3)

K3 = 1.88

S = 4.25 m

hs = distance between the lower span point of the vertical web

and the moulded deck line at centreline, in meters

= 13.6 m

Ss = span of vertical web, in meters, and is to be measured

between end span points.

= 12.75 m

 Z = 17664.69 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

1500X25 web and 400X22 flange with the section modulus as 17787 cm3

f) Deck Transverses in the wing tanks

Section modulus of deck transverses is not to be less than

Z = 53.75 (0.0269SL + 0.8) (ST + 1.83)k cm3

S = 4.25 m
L = 215 m
ST = span of transverse
= 2.5 m
 Z = 53.75 (0.269  3.5  215 + 0.8) (1.8 + 1.83)  1
= 5906.85 cm3

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The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows
1000X20 web and 100X20 flange with the section modulus as 6024 cm3

g) Slope bulkhead transverse (Hopper tank)

Z = 11.7khSle2ρ cm3

S = 4.25 m

h = 13.2 m

le = 2m
Z = 2671.12 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

750X16 web and 150X16 flange with the section modulus as 2696 cm3

h) Bottom transverse (Hopper) and side transverse

Z = 11.7khSle2ρ cm3

S = 4.25 m

h = 14.6 m

le = 3.2 m
Z = 7619.94 cm3

The section selected is a T-section with scantlings as follows

1500X14 web and 200X14 flange with the section modulus as 7932 cm3

8.2.6 PRIMARY MEMBERS END CONNECTIONS [14]

The following relations govern the scantlings of bracket:

(a + b)  2l

a  0.8 l

b  0.8 l

l = 90 2  (14 +Z Z) - 1 mm

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a) Bracket connecting deck transverse and inner hull

l = 90 2
 (14 +Z Z) -1 mm
= 90 { 2 (21609/ [ 14 +  21609]) – 1}

= 1995.34 mm

a  0.8l = 1596.27 mm

b  0.8l = 1596.27 mm

a + b  2l = 3192.54 mm

Given, a = 3000 mm and b = 2500 mm

t = thickness of web itself = 25 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than

bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 50mm

= 40 (1 + 21609 / 1000)

= 904.36 mm

bf = 950 mm

b) Bracket connecting deck transverse and center line bulkhead web

l =
 (14 +Z Z) * 90 * 2 – 1

= 90 { 2 (21609 / [ 14 +  21609) – 1}

= 1995.34 mm

a  0.8l = 1596.27 mm

b  0.8l = 1596.27 mm

a + b  2l = 3192.54 mm

Given, a = 3000 mm and b = 2500 mm

T = thickness of web itself = 25 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than
bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 550mm

= 40 (1 + 21609 / 1000)

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= 904.36 mm

bf = 950 mm

c) Bracket connecting centre line vertical web and inner bottom plating

 (14 +  Z)
Z
l = 90 2 - 1 mm

= 90 {2 (21609/ [14 +  21609) – 1}

= 1995.34 mm

a  0.8l = 1596.6 mm

b  0.8l = 1595.6 mm

a + b  2l = 3192.544 mm

Given, a= 1600 mm and b=1600 mm.

tb = thickness of web itself = 25 mm

Flange breadth to be not less than

bf = 40 (1 + Z / 1000) mm, but not less than 550mm
= 40 (1 +21105 / 1000)
= 904.36 mm
bf = 950 mm

d) Connection between main deck and side shell

l = 90 2  (14 +Z Z) - 1 mm

= 90 {2 (390 / (14 +  390 ) – 1}

= 521.90 mm

a  0.8l = 417.52 mm

b  0.8l = 417.52 mm

a + b  2l = 835.04

Given, a = 500 mm and b = 500 mm.

t = 6.5 +Z/55 – (Z/168)1.3

= 10.60 mm

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= 12 mm

e) Connection between main deck and inner hull

Z = 390 cm3

a = 500 mm and

b = 500 mm

t = 12 mm

Table 8.3 Scantlings of Platings

THICKNESS
S.NO. ITEM (mm)
1 MAIN DECK 14
2 SHEER STRAKE 16
3 SIDE SHELL ABOVE MID-DEPTH 16
4 SIDE SHELL BELOW MID-DEPTH 16
5 BOTTOM SHELL 16
6 BILGE 16
7 KEEL 18
INNER HULL & LONGITUDINAL
8 BULKHEAD
A 0.1D OF DECK 14
B 0.1D OF BOTTOM SHELL 16
C Elsewhere 16
9 INNER BOTTOM 16
10 CENTRE GIRDER 18
11 SIDE GIRDER 16
12 FLOOR 16

Table 8.4 Scantlings of longitudinals

s.no. LONGITUDINALS SELECTED SECTION
1 MAIN DECK 240X11 HP
2 BOTTOM SHELL & BILGE 430X14 HP
3 SIDE SHELL
A REGION 1 400X16 HP
B REGION 2 400X14 HP
C REGION 3 370X13 HP
D REGION 4 300X11 HP
INNER HULL AND LONGITUDINAL
4 BULKHEAD
A REGION 1 400X14 HP
B REGION 2 400X14 HP

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C REGION 3 370X13 HP
D REGION 4 320X12 HP
5 INNER BOTTOM 400X16 HP
6 STRINGER PLATE LONGITUDINALS 240X11 HP

8.3 SECTION MODULUS CALCULATION

The section modulus of the midship section is shown in tables 8.4 and 8.5

Table 8.5 Section Modulus Calculation for platings

Dimension Thickness Area Lever Ay Ay2 I Own
Items 2 3 4
(m) (mm) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m4)
Main deck 15.9 14 0.223 15.9 3.539 56.276 4.690
Side shell 13.6 16 0.218 9.06 1.971 17.861 -
Bilge 3.5 16 0.056 1.75 0.098 0.172 -
Bottom shell 13.6 16 0.218 0 - - 3.354
Inner bottom
13.4 16 0.214 2 0.429 0.858 3.210
plating
Keel plate 0.9 18 0.016 0 - - 0.001
Centre girder 2 18 0.036 1 0.036 0.036 -
Side girder (3) 2 16 0.096 1 0.096 0.096 -
Stringer plates
1 2.5 16 0.040 3.05 0.122 0.372 0.021
2 2.5 16 0.040 7.30 0.292 2.13 0.021
3 2.5 16 0.040 11.55 0.462 5.336 0.021
Margin plate 1.2 16 0.019 2.35 0.045 0.106 0.002
Longitudinal
13.8 16 0.221 8.9 1.965 17.490 -
bulkhead
Inner hull plating 13.8 16 0.221 10.9 2.407 26.233 -
Total 1.658 11.462 126.966 11.32

Table 8.6- Section modulus calculation of longitudinal members

Area lever, y Ay Ay2

Items Dimension
(m2) (m) (m3) (m4)
Main deck (17 long) 240X11 HP 0.051 15.8 0.806 12.732
Inner bottom (12 long) 400X16 HP 0.072 2 0.144 0.288
Bottom shell (12 long) 430X14 HP 0.072 0.22 0.016 0.003
Margin plate (1 long) 370X14 HP 0.005 3.2 0.016 0.051
Bilge plate
1 430X14 HP 0.006 1.35 0.008 0.011
2 430X14 HP 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.002

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3 430X14 HP 0.006 - - -
4 430X14 HP 0.006 - - -
side shell
1 400X16 HP 0.006 2.2 0.013 0.029
2 400X14 HP 0.006 5 0.030 0.150
3 400X14 HP 0.006 5.85 0.035 0.205
4 400X14 HP 0.006 6.7 0.040 0.269
5 400X14 HP 0.006 7.55 0.045 0.342
6 370X13 HP 0.005 9.25 0.046 0.428
7 370X13 HP 0.005 9 0.045 0.405
8 370X13 HP 0.005 9.85 0.049 0.485
9 370X13 HP 0.005 10.7 0.054 0.572
10 300X11 HP 0.003 12.4 0.037 0.461
11 300X11 HP 0.003 13.25 0.040 0.527
12 300X11 HP 0.003 14.1 0.042 0.596
13 300X11 HP 0.003 14.95 0.045 0.671
longitudinal bulkhead
1 400X14 HP 0.006 2.2 0.020 0.065
2 400X14 HP 0.006 3.05 0.025 0.103
3 400X14 HP 0.006 3.9 0.030 0.150
4 400X14 HP 0.006 4.75 0.035 0.205
5 400X14 HP 0.006 5.6 0.040 0.269
6 400X14 HP 0.006 6.45 0.045 0.342
7 370X13 HP 0.005 7.3 0.042 0.353
8 370X13 HP 0.005 8.15 0.046 0.428
9 370X13 HP 0.005 9 0.045 0.405
10 370X13 HP 0.005 9.85 0.049 0.485
11 370X13 HP 0.005 10.7 0.054 0.572
12 370X13 HP 0.005 11.55 0.058 0.667
13 320X12 HP 0.003 12.4 0.037 0.461
14 320X12 HP 0.003 13.25 0.040 0.527
15 320X12 HP 0.003 14.1 0.042 0.596
16 320X12 HP 0.003 14.95 0.045 0.671
Inner hull plating
1 400X14 HP 0.006 5.85 0.035 0.205
2 400X14 HP 0.006 6.7 0.040 0.269
3 400X14 HP 0.006 7.55 0.045 0.342
4 370X13 HP 0.005 8.4 0.042 0.353
5 370X13 HP 0.005 9.25 0.046 0.428
6 370X13 HP 0.005 9 0.045 0.405

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7 370X13 HP 0.005 9.85 0.049 0.485

8 370X13 HP 0.005 10.7 0.054 0.572
9 370X13 HP 0.005 11.55 0.058 0.667
10 320X12 HP 0.003 12.4 0.037 0.461
11 320X12 HP 0.003 13.25 0.040 0.527
12 320X12 HP 0.003 14.1 0.042 0.596

Total 0.421 2.700 29.836

Total A = 1.658+0.421
= 2.079 m2
Total Ay = 11.462+2.700
= 14.162 m3
Total Ay2 = 126.966+29.836
= 156.802 m4

 Ay
Height of the neutral axis, hNA =
A

= 14.162
2.079

= 6.81 m from base line

Moment about keel of half section,
I KEEL = Ay2 + Iown
= 156.802 + 11.32
= 168.122 m4

Moment about neutral axis of half section,

INA = I KEEL- AhNA2
= 143.42 m4
Moment about neutral axis of full section,
INA = 286.84 m4

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Section modulus about deck,
INA
ZDECK =
D - hNA

= 31.90 m3
Section modulus about keel,

INA
ZKEEL =
hNA

286.84
=
6.81
= 42.12 m3

Required section modulus, ZMIN = 21.84 m3

Here ZDECK and ZKEEL are getting more than the minimum section modulus required. So the
design is satisfactory.

The midship section is shown in project drawing XXXII/04.

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