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Lecture Notes: Fis 201: Introduction To Fisheries Management (2 Units)

This document provides an overview of the course FIS 201: Introduction to Fisheries Management which will cover topics related to important fish species in West Africa and Nigeria, fish classification and biology, and principles of fish management and production. The course will be taught by two lecturers and two laboratory instructors through lectures and practical sessions at the university's classrooms and fish farm. Some key lectures will focus on the significance of fish for Nigerians, the fish industries in Nigeria, and fundamental principles of fish management.

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Abdulfattah Abdullah Kunle
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1K views5 pages

Lecture Notes: Fis 201: Introduction To Fisheries Management (2 Units)

This document provides an overview of the course FIS 201: Introduction to Fisheries Management which will cover topics related to important fish species in West Africa and Nigeria, fish classification and biology, and principles of fish management and production. The course will be taught by two lecturers and two laboratory instructors through lectures and practical sessions at the university's classrooms and fish farm. Some key lectures will focus on the significance of fish for Nigerians, the fish industries in Nigeria, and fundamental principles of fish management.

Uploaded by

Abdulfattah Abdullah Kunle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIS 201: INTRODUCTION TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT (2 UNITS)

LECTURE NOTES
Topics to be treated include:

1. The important fishes of West Africa with emphasis on Nigeria species.


2. Classification, evolution, morphology and basic structure of fishes.
3. The adaptation of fish to aquatic life.
4. Life cycle of principal species of fishes.
5. Significance of fishes in the life of Nigerians.
6. The fish industries in Nigeria.
7. Fundamental principles of fish management and production.

This course will be taught by 2 Lecturers and 2 Laboratory/field instructors.


(Prof Yemi Akegbejo-Samsons (Topics 5-7) & Dr {Mrs} N B Ikeweinwe (topics 1-4)}
The venues of the course shall be at the designated classrooms in the College of
Environmental Resources Management and the University Fish farm/ hatchery centre.

Lecture 5

Significance of fishes in the life of Nigerians


The topic will be treated with adequate reference to the role of fish and fish production
(aquaculture) in rural development, through its relationship to food security and poverty
alleviation, its contribution to rural development and other national attributes.

Aquaculture comprises diverse systems of farming plants and animals in inland and coastal
areas, many of which have relevance for the poor. FAO defines aquaculture for statistical
purposes as the “farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and
aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance
production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.. Farming also
implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated“ (FAO 2001)

In the context of the rural poor, aquaculture often complements catches from traditional
fisheries. The latter continue to play an important role and, in many areas, remain adequate to
satisfy subsistence needs and provide a valuable source of cash income for farmers. In many
cases, the capture or culture of aquatic species forms the basis for food security, enabling the
use of livestock or cultured fish as a source of income generation.

Aquaculture becomes an attractive and important component of rural livelihoods in situations


where increasing population pressures, environmental degradation or loss of access, limit
catches from wild fisheries (IIRR et al. 2001).
The significance of fishes in the life of Nigerians include:

(i) Source of protein: - It’s the cheapest when compared to other protein sources such
as poultry, meat, beaf, pork or mutton
(ii) Employment:- creates employment in various sectors of the economy such as (a)
jobs for over 500,000 fishermen in the coastal and riverine areas; (b) industrial
trawling in vessels and small-scale shrimpers; (c) Sales of smoked fish, fresh fish,
chilled fish in cold stores etc especially engaging the women fold; (d) employment
for workers in the Research institutions, Universities and education centres.
(iii) Income generation for Federal, State and Local government levels .
(iv) Source of foreign exchange earning for the Federal government in particular and
individuals who are involved in its exportation.
(v) It gives opportunities for international cooperation in Nigeria such as membership
of International organisations (FAO, UNDP, IFAD, CECAF etc. These
organisations are channels for the provision of developmental funds for rural
development in the coastal areas and fisheries sectors.
(vi) Assist in rural development through direct government interventions to improve
the livelihoods of the fishermen and other related stakeholders. For example, the
intervention through DIFFRI in the early 80s, FADAMA lll, ADP etc

Objectives of fisheries in Nigeria


(i) To increase fish production in the country by employing modern methods and
techniques of fishing
(ii) To exploit as profitably as possible the fisheries resources of the country.
(iii) To improve the utilization of these resources by the introduction of modern
methods of processing and marketing facilities
(iv) To raise the standard of living and the socio-economic status of the fishermen,
through the provision of outboard boats, nets, preservation methods etc
(v) To train local fishermen and fisheries personnel in modern fishery management
and operations
(vi) To reduce the importation of fish to the barest minimum in order to conserve the
much needed foreign exchange
(vii) To increase fish production to the extent that we can export to other neighbouring
countries, thereby earning foreign exchange
(viii) To produce employment for fresh school leavers and other qualified cadres.
Lecture 6
The Fish Industries in Nigeria.
Like most industries in the world, the fishing industry can be divided into 3 major sectors:

(A) ARTISANAL
This is the small scale sector, usually organised by family unit. It is labour intensive and
made up of 4 sub-sectors:
a) Riverine and Lake Canoe fisheries
b) Flood pond fisheries based on the exploitation of flood plains. This is seasonal.
c) Coastal Canoe fisheries (along the coast and its made up of fishermen scattered along
the coast line)
d) Brackish water Canoe fisheries (along the creeks, lagoons, estuaries)

(B) AQUACULTURE (FISH FARMING)


This is the cultivation of fish in controlled environment for food purposes. It involves
selection of sites for fish pond construction, proper construction, stocking and feeding of
cultured species, management of pond water, pond bottom and harvesting of fish after
culture period. This sector of the industry is very versatile and active involving many
stakeholders and professionals such as pond engineers, fish health experts, nutritionists
and geneticists.

(C) INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES


This is the use of high technology in form of equipments in the harvest, delivery and
distribution of fish and fish products. It is capital intensive and requires the use of highly
sophisticated technology. It involves a highly organised processing and marketing facilities.
The Industrial has 2 main sectors, vis (a) Inshore and (b) Offshore
The inshore is within the territorial shore of Nigeria while the Offshore is in the distant water
fishing zone of the country.

There are various Fish Industries in Nigeria.


The different industries can be divided into the various fish production and utilization
options.
Type 1:
Based on the production options, these industries include
(a) The Aquaculture Industry
(i) Fresh fish production Industry such as Fresh water, Brackish and marine fish
production ventures. These could be small scale or large scale.
(b) Harvesting Industry
(i) Trawler subsector (trawler owners, fleet) artisanal groups in the rivers, creeks
and lakes;

Type 2:
Based on Fish utilization options:
(i) Industrial utilization sector- they convert the fish to either direct or indirect uses.
Examples include the canning industries, Animal feed Industries (eg Pfizer Plc,
Animal Care Plc etc
(ii) Direct utilization sector: These include (a) Fish Smoking sector, (b) Sundried/
salting sector, (c) Chilled sector eg packed (chilled)fish importers etc
Note: Visits will be paid to some industries within and outside the state of Ogun

Industrial uses of fish

(a) Production of fish meal


(b) Production of fish minced products
(c) Production of fish protein concentrates
(d) Fish silage production
(e) Production of salted press cake
(f) Production of patties
(g) Production of oil products (OMEGA-3, Cod liver Oil etc)
Lecture 7

Fundamental principles of fish management and production.


The practice of aquaculture and fisheries management is influenced by some basic principles.
These include:
(a) Aquatic animals are dependent directly or indirectly upon plants for food. The need to
know the trophic level of the fish is very important.

(b) Ability to produce plant is dependent upon factors such as solar radiation,
temperature, oxygen, nutrient availability etc

(c) Natural fertility of water is largely dependent upon fertility of its associated soil and
its sources. Soils contain basic nutrients which aid vegetative production.

(d) Water fertility may be increased by adding inorganic or organic fertilizers.

(e) Phytoplankton is the primary and principal food production groups of plants for
organic aquatic animal production in oceans, lakes and ponds.

(f) The longer the food chain the greater the energy loss. If the food chain is long, the
energy loss will be high.

(g) The carrying capacity per unit area is different for different species of fish depending
on the tropic level of the species.

(h) The greatest weight of any one species can be raised and produced in ponds by
culturing only that specie.

(i) The greatest weight per area of the species is obtained by culturing a combination of
different species which differ in food and feeding habits.
(j) The quality of feeds for a proper culture medium should contain the varying nutrients
in the proper proportion.

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