Syllabus & Evaluation

Scheme B.Sc. Micro/CBZ

Iyear
Dev Bhoomi Institute of Management Sciences
 Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand. University
Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal
Syllabus
B.Sc. Microbiology

Marks-Distribution
Theory: 80 marks External, 20 Internal Assessment (80+20 = 100) each paper
Practical: 40 marks end term Practical + 10 Internal (40 + 10 = 50) each semester

B.Sc. 1st Year

Paper 1st: Fundamentals of Microbiology - 50

Paper 2nd: Bacteria, Virus and Protozoa – 50
Paper 3rd: Algae, Fungi & Plant Pathology-50
Paper 4th: Microbial Physiology &Biochemistry-50
Lab Course: Practical - 50
Class Semester Paper Marks Total
Distribution Marks
1 I Theory Practical
Year
i. Fundamentals of 50 50 300
Microbiology
ii. Bacteria, Virus & 50
Protozoa
II iii. Algae, Fungi & Plant 50 50
Pathology
iv. Microbial Physiology 50
&Biochemistry
Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management SEMESTER: I
Sciences

Department of Microbiology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Core Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 40 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal Marks:

80/20
Course Title: Fundamentals of Course Code:MB101 Duration of External Exam:
Microbiology 3 Hours

Learning Objectives-
The course in designed to give a basic understanding on the fundamental aspects of microbiology
from historical development of the branch of microbiology to diseases caused by various groups
of microorganisms. The students will be introduced to the microbial world, the structure and
significance of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses.
B.Sc. Microbiology (First year)
I Semester
Paper I: General Microbiology
Unit I

History of microbiology, scope and relevance of microbiology, classification of microbial world;

bacteria, cyanobacteria, Achaea, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa.

Unit II

Principle, types and application of microscopes, LAF cabinet, autoclave, oven, colony counter,
spectrophotometer, ph. meter, anaerobic chamber; Principle, basic apparatus and applications of
electrophoresis, thermocyclar (PCR), centrifuge, blotting, Chromatography & its types.

Unit III

Isolation, cultivation and identification techniques for microorganisms, aerobic and anaerobic
cultivation, biochemical methods for identification, culture media & its type, maintenance &
preservation of pure cultures.

Unit IV

Study of Morphology of microbes by staining methods –staining, Simple (Leffer’spolychrome

methylene blue& negative staining) Gram’s staining, Zielneelson staining, Flurochrome staining,
Leishman’sstaining, Giemsa’s staining, special staining methods to demonstrate granules,
capsules & spores.

Books-

There are lots of books which are helpful for beginners. Some of the books are -

➢ Microbiology- pelczar, chan and kreig

➢ General microbiology- stainer, Ingharam, Wheelis and Painter

➢ Biology of microorganisms-Brock and Madigan

 ➢ Introduction to microbiology- Ingraham and Ingraham

➢ General microbiology-Powar C.B and H.F Daginawala

➢ All these books give introduction to microbiology.

Out Come-

➢ On completion of the cause the students are expected to have a clear understanding on
microscopy, sterilization, disinfection, bacterial cultivation techniques, their growth
dynamics, and metabolic processes, genetic and ecological factors.
➢ The students are also introduced to the beneficial and harmful manifestations of
microorganisms especially of bacteria and their role in microbial mineralization and
disease processes.
➢ All these are to be accomplished through formal lectures, class room discussions and the
students will be assessed by examinations.

Practical Aspect-
➢ The practical laboratory exercises are designed to give the basic safety and handling
protocol in a microbiology laboratory; hands on training on light microscopy –staining
techniques, sterilization and disinfection principles and practice;
➢ Enumeration and isolation techniques of bacteria and fungi.
Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management SEMESTER: I
Sciences
Department of Microbiology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Core Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 40 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal Marks:

80/20
Course Title: Bacteria, Virus and Course Code:MB102 Duration of External Exam:
Protozoa 3 Hours

Learning Objectives-
Students will learn about the structure function and major role of bacteria, Virus and Protozoa.
They will learn how they are helpful and harmful to our living things and nonliving things.

B.Sc. Microbiology (First year)

Paper II: Bacteria, Virus& Protozoa
Unit I

Morphology and ultra-structure of bacteria; structure, properties and function of cell wall, cell
membranes, flagella, cilia, pili, gas vesicle, chromosomes, carboxysomes, magnetosomes and
phycobilisomes, nucleoid.

Unit II

General virology; nomenclature and classification of viruses, Morphology and ultrastructure,

capsids and their arrangements, types of envelopes and their compositions. Viral genome, their
types and structures. Virus related organisms (viroid’s, virusoids and prions).

Unit III

Bacterial viruses : Bacteriophage structural organization, life cycle, one step growth curve,
transcription, DNA replication, eclipsed phase, phage production, burst size, lysogenic size,
bacteriophage typing, application in bacterial genetics.

Unit IV

Flagellate protozoa: the Mastigophora, amoeboid protozoa: the Rhizopoda, ciliate protozoa: the
ciliophora. Protozoal disease: malaria, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis
pneumonia and disease caused by Leishmania, Trypanosomes

Text book-
➢ H.C. Dube
➢ Surendra Kumar
➢ R.C. Dubey
➢ S.Chand

Out Come-
➢ Studends able to know that how microbial world working in our surroundings
➢ They able to understand the cultivation of microbial world mainly the bacteria

Practical Aspects-
➢ Blood cell test to know about the basophil,neutrophile etc.
➢ Culture of bacteria in the micro lab and their identification of shape and sizes.
➢ Enumeration of soil microflora by means of dilution method.
 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management SEMESTER: II
Sciences

Department of Microbiology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Core Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 40 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal Marks:

80/20
Course Title: Algae, Fungi and Plant Course Code:MB201 Duration of External Exam:
pathology 3 Hours

Learning Objectives-
Students enable about the basic knowledge of taxonomic position of cyanobacteria.
Enable about the algal cultivation and will have basic idea about the mechanism helpful in the
many aspects like soil, atmospheric and plant.
B. Sc. Microbiology (First Year)
II semester
Paper III: Algae, Fungi and Plant pathology

Unit I

Algae; General account of habitat, cell structure, pigments, flagellum, reserve

Food. Conflicts of taxonomic position of Cyanobactera.Algal growth and
Reproduction.

Unit II

Cultivation of algae in laboratory. Nitrogen fixation, Biological and economic

Aspects of algae, algal biotechnology. Fossil records of algae. Algal blooms and
Eutrophication.

Unit III

Fungi: Habitat, fungal structure and thallus organization, wall structure, hyphal
Growth, sexual and asexual reproductive structures. Nutrition and reproduction in
Fungi, Mycorrhiza, lichens, Heterothallism, sex hormones in fungi. Evolutionary
tendencies in lower fungi. Economic importance. Fungal diseases.
Unit IV

Concept of plant disease; signs and symptoms associated with microbial plant
Pathogens. Microbial enzymes, toxins, growth regulators and suppressor of plant
Defense in plant diseases, effects of pathogens on plant physiology, concept of
passive and active resistance and mechanism in plants. Concepts of monocyclic&
polycyclic disease, physical, chemical and biological control, integrated eco
Friendly approach of plant disease control.

Books-
➢ Singh
➢ Pandey
➢ Jain

Out Come-
➢ Enable to know about the Eutrophication, algal blooms, Nitrogen fixation.
➢ Idea about the fungi and fungal diseases.
➢ Idea about the plant pathogenicity and their control.

Practical Aspects-
➢ Fungi culture in the microbiology lab.
➢ Collection of plant disease part and examination under the microscope.
➢ Enumeration of fungi on the basis of their color appearance.
 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management SEMESTER: II
Sciences
Department of Microbiology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Core Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 40 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal Marks:

80/20
Course Title: Microbial Physiology & Course Code:MB202 Duration of External Exam:
Biochemistry 3 Hours

Learning Objectives-
About enzyme- effect, ph., inhibition mechanism, properties and functions
Microbial Metabolism, pathways (degradative and generative), respiratory mechanism.

B.Sc. Microbiology (First year)

II semester
Paper IV: Microbial Physiology & Biochemistry

Unit I

Enzymes as biocatalyst, enzymes classification, properties. Enzymes kinetics

: MichaelisMenton equation for simple enzymes, Effects of pH and temperatures,
On enzymes action, enzyme inhibition. Electron carriers, artificial electron donors,
Inhibitors uncouplers, energy bond and phosphorylation.

Unit II

Microbial metabolism: anabolism and catabolism, energy production in aerobic,

anaerobic process and photosynthesis, chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis.
Bacterial electron transport chain. Autotrophy, Heterotrophy, chemolithotrophy,
fermentation. Transport of nutrients by active and passive transport.

Unit III

Respiratory metabolism – Glycolysis, EMP pathway, ED pathway, Glyoxallate

Pathway, Kreb’s cycle-oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation. Reverse TCA
Cycle – Gluconeogenesis, fermentation and carbohydrates –homo and
Heterolacticfermentataions.

Unit IV

Assimilation of nitrogen –dinitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia assimilation,

Synthesis of major amino acids, synthesis of Polysaccharides –peptidoglycan,
Biopolymers as cell components

Books-
➢ Anantnarayan, Book of microbiology
➢ Pelczar, microbiology
➢ Prescott, microbiology

Out Come-

They know about the enzyme properties and their mechanism and also how they are helpful in
microbial metabolism of life.

Practical Aspects-

➢ Testing of enzyme reaction by means of catalase test

➢ Enumeration of starch and carbohydrates in the plants and food material.
➢ Study about the the bacterial cell wall
 Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand. University
Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal
Syllabus
B.Sc. Microbiology/CBZ (I year)
Zoology

Syllabus: Theory
The B.Sc. examination will be spread over three years (six semester). There shall be two theory
papers and one practical examination every semester. Each theory paper has been divided into
four units. Each paper will be of 100 marks (Theory-80, Sessional-20). Likewise, each practical
will be of 50 marks (Theory-40, Sessional-10).

Course Contents & Teaching Schedules: No. of Lectures MM

B.Sc. First Year

1st Semester
Paper I : Non-Chordata 36 100
Paper 2 : Cell Biology & Genetics 36 100
Practical: Based on paper 1 and 2 72 50

2nd Semester
Paper 3: Chordata 36 100
Paper 4: Taxonomy, Evolution 36 100

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies SEMESTER: I

Department of CBZ/MICRO

Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 3

Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 Paper 2 External Marks/Internal
Marks: 50/25
Course Title: CELL Course Duration of External
BIOLOGY AND Code Exam: 3 Hours
GENETICS
Pre – Requisite: knowledge of basic cell biology its organelles and functions and genetics
Objective:
1. Students will understand the structures and purposes of basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells, especially macromolecules, membranes, and organelles
2. Students will understand how these cellular components are used to generate and utilize energy in cells
3. Students will understand the cellular components underlying mitotic cell division.
4. Students will apply their knowledge of cell biology to selected examples of changes or losses in cell
function. These can include responses to environmental or physiological changes, or alterations of cell
function brought about by mutation

5 Medelian inheritance, and gene functionality.

6.To understand DNA structure, cellular replication and chromosome aberrations

UNIT-I
Generalized structure of Pro- & Eukaryote cell. Elementary knowledge of the
structure & function of plasma membrane. Introduction to the organelles constituting
endo-membrane system (Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome).
UNIT-II
Nucleus & nucleolus; Ribosome; Mitochondria. Introduction to cytoskeleton.
Cell Division-Mitosis & Meiosis. Basic features of Cell cycle;
Elementary idea of cell transformation and cancer.
UNIT-III
Mendel’s law; Exceptions to Mendel’s law. Incomplete dominance and Co-
dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis.
Sex-linked inheritance; Extra chromosomal inheritance.
UNIT-IV
Linkage & Crossing over. Sex determination.
Chromosome structure; Euchromatin; Heterochromatin; Histones.
Polytene & lampbhrush chromosomes, Eugenesis,

Text Books:
[T1] Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders
[T2] Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi publication

Reference Book:

1. Alberts et al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Pulb., New York, 1989.
2. Strickberger: Genetics, Prentice Hall, 1996.
3. DeRobertis & DeRobertis: Cell & Molecular Biology, 1996
4. Gupta P.K. : Cell And Molecular Biology, Rastogi Publications
5. Sarkar B : Cell Structure and Function, Medtech
6. Verma & Agarwal: Cell Biology, genetics, Molecular Biology. S.Chand & Company

Course Description
Outcome
CO1 To learn about history of cell biology how eukaryotic cells are
different from prokaryotic cell, cell internal organelles
structure and function.
CO2 To learn evolutionary genetics and use it to find any genetical
correlations of disease
CO3 To learn application of genetics in actual world.

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies SEMESTER: I

Department of cbz/micro

Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 2

Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 Paper 1 External Marks/Internal
Marks: 50/25
Course Title: Animal Course Duration of External
Diversity(Non-Chordata) Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: knowledge of minor phyla which includes organisms whioch don’t have noto chord ,
it contains introductory information of how lower organisms are classified.

B.Sc. 1st Year (Zoology)-1st Semester

Paper I: Animal Diversity (Non-Chordata)
UNIT-I
Protozoa: General characters and classification up to classes; locomotion and nutrition in
Protozoa.
Porifera: General characters and classification up to classes; Canal system in sponges.
UNIT-II
Coelenterata: General characters and classification up to classes; Polymorphism in
Coelenterates; Corals and coral reefs.
Helminthes: General characters of Nemathelminthes and Platyhelminthes; Life history of
Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia solium and their parasitic adaptations.

UNIT-III
Annelida: General characters and classification up to classes; Metamerism in Annelida;
Trochphore larva and its significance.
Arthropoda: General characters and classification up to classes; Zoological importance of
Peripatus and Limulus. Metamorphosis in Insects.
UNIT-IV
Mollusca: General characters and classification up to classes; Torsion in Gastropoda; Pearl
formation
Echinodermata: General characters and classification up to classes; Water vascular system in star
fish; Echinoderm larvae and their significance.

TEXT BOOKS:
[T1] Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders
[T2] Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi
publication.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Kotpal, Agrawal & Khetrapal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Invertebrates.11/E. Rastogi publication.
2. Marshall & William: Text book of Zoology, Vol I (Parker & Haswell, 7th ed.) Macmillian,.
3. Nigam: Biology of Non-Chordates, Nagin Chand,.
4. B.Sc. Zoology Series -Animal Diversity ,Tata McGraw Hill Edu Pvt. Ltd. N.Delhi
5. Jordan E.L. et al.: Invertebrate Zoology. S.Chand & Company Ltd.
6. Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.), Holt-Saunders.
7. Barrington: Invertebrate Structure and Function, Nelson.
8. Iyer: A Manual of Zoology, Part I. Visawanathan,

Course Description
Outcome
CO1 To learn knowledge of classification of organisms according to their
characters
CO2 Knowing about lower organisms which don’t have noto chord.
CO3 To learn different type of special characters of organisms which are
termed as non chordates

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies SEMESTER: II

Department of cbz/micro

Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 3

Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 Paper 3 External Marks/Internal
Marks: 50/25
 Course Title: Chordates Course Duration of External
Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: 1. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of chordates

2. Identify the derived characters of craniates that sets them apart from other chordates

3. Describe the developmental fate of the notochord in vertebrates

B.Sc. 1st Year (Zoology)-2nd Semester

Paper 3: Chordata No. of Lectures

UNIT- I
Protochordates: General features and Phylogeny of Protochordats. Body organization
of Balanoglossus, Herdmania and Amphioxus.
UNIT- II
Agnatha: General features of Agnatha and classification of cyclostomes up to
Classes, Comparison between Lampreys and Hagfishes.
Pisces: General features and Classification up to orders; Scales and fins of fishes, Hill
stream adaptations
UNIT- III
Amphibia: General features and Classification up to orders; Parental care; Neoteny
Reptiles: General features and Classification up to orders; Poisonous and non-
poisonous snakes; Biting mechanism in snakes; Venum and antivenum.
UNIT- IV
Aves: General features and Classification up to orders; Feathers in Birds; Adaptations for
aerial mode of life;
Mammalia: Origin of mammals; General organization, distribution and affinities of
Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria; Aerial and aquatic adaptations in mammals.

Text Books:
1. R.L. Kotpal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Vertebrates. Rastogi Publication.
2. E.L. Jordan and P.S. Verma: Chordate Zoology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

Reference books:

1. Pandey B.N. and Mathur V. Biology of Chordates, PHI Learning, 2018

2. R.L. Kotpal: Modern Text-book of Zoology, Vertebrates. Rastogi Publication.
3. E.L. Jordan and P.S. Verma: Chordate Zoology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
4. Hildebrand: Analysis of Vertebrate structure.
5. Romer & Parsons: The Vertebrate Body, Saunders.

Course Description
Outcome
CO1 To learn and recognize the four major characteristics of chordates
CO2 To learn and identify the major groups within the Phylum Chordata
CO3 Understanding of adaptive features of major phyla; main identifying behavior and
characters of amphibians, reptiles and mammals

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies SEMESTER: II

Department of cbz/ micro

Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 2

Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 Paper 4 External Marks/Internal
Marks: 50/25
Course Title: Taxonomy Course Duration of External
and Evolution Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: knowledge of naming of animals (taxonomy) and evolution of organisms

Objective:
1. Firstly, taxonomy aims at classifying organisms into taxa on the basis of similarities in phenotypic
(phenetic) characteristics i.e. the characteristics which are expressed in an organism and can be examined
visually or can be tested by other means.
2. The second objective of taxonomy is to assign each taxon a name. This naming of a taxon is known as
nomenclature
3. The third aim is to understand evolutionary theories of organisms
4. Fourth aim is to see are these theories are applicable to animal world.
B.Sc. 1st Year (Zoology) - 2nd Semester
Paper 4: Taxonomy and Evolution No. of Lectures
UNIT-I
Taxonomy: Definition & scope; relationship with Systematic
Zoological nomenclature: Binominal & Trinominal; ICZN.
Components of classification: Linnaean hierarchy.
Concepts of species: Typological, Nomenalistic & Biological
UNIT-II
Geological distribution of animals, period of evolution and extinction of major groups. Direct
Evidences of Evolution: Type of Fossils & fossilization. Dating of fossils. Significance of fossil
record. Evolution of Horse.
UNIT- III
Evolutionary theories: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism;
Processes of Evolutionary Change: Organic variations; Isolating Mechanisms; Natural selection
(Example: Industrial melanism); Types of natural selection (Directional, Stabilizing,
Disruptive), Artificial selection
UNIT-IV
Species Concept: Biological species concept (Advantages and Limitations);
Modes of speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric), Macro-evolutionary principles
(example: Darwin’s Finches), Role of extinction in evolution

Text Books: 1. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology ,Reprint Edn. 2006
Edition by P.S. Verma
2. Ashok Verma - Animal Taxonomy
Reference books:

1. Ashok Verma - Animal Taxonomy

2. Ernst Mayr- Principals of Systematic
3. Simpson- Principals and Practices of Animal Taxonomy
4. Kapoor- Theory and Practices of Animal Taxonomy, Oxford & Ibh
5. Strickberger: Evolution, CBS Publ. 1994.
6. Douglas, J. Futuyma. Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associate (1997)
7. Jain P.C. : Paleontology, Vishal Publ. Co.
8. Arora M.P.: Organic Evolution, Himalaya Publ.

Course Description
Outcome
CO1 To learn about naming of different organisms scientifically.
CO2 To gain Knowledge about history of taxonomy and its fundamental
features.
CO3 To learn how life on earth started.

CO4 To know different types of theories given by scientist, who work upon
how present world organisms existed.
 Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand. University
Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal
Syllabus
B.Sc. Microbiology/CBZ(IYear)
Botany
Semester-1
Paper Title Paper code Max. Marks(100)
No.
External Internal
1 Microbiology BBO101 80 20
2 Fungi, elementary Plant Pathology and Lichens BBO102 80 20
Lab Course BBO10P 40 10

Semester-2
Paper Title Paper code Max. Marks(100)
No.
External Internal
1 Algae and Bryophytes BBO201 80 20
2 Pteridophyta,Gymnosperm and elementary BBO202 80 20
Paleobotany
Lab Course BBO20P 40 10

Dev Bhoomi Institute of Management Studies Sem: I

Department of Botany
Paper -I Microbiology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 3
Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 L P21 External Marks:
Course Title: Botany Course Duration of External
Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: knowledge of basic science.

Objective:
1. To develop interest in studying micro organisms.
2. To explain group of organisms known as the fungi.
3. To explain develop scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious
organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors)

Unit-1
1. History and scope of Microbiology.
2. A brief idea of microbial diversity and distribution, position of microorganism in the
living world.
 3. Classification of microorganism

Unit-2
1. Elementary principles and methods of isolation, purification and culture of
microorganism(bacteria and fungi)
2. Role of microorganism in biogeochemical cycle in nature.
3. Bacteria: structure, reproduction, nutrition, plasmid and economic importance.

Unit-3
1. Virus: general characteristics, structure , replication, transmission
2. A brief idea of bacteriophages, cyanophages

Unit-4
1. Viroids and prions
2. Mycoplasma: a general account.

Book –

R C Dubey and Maheswari, A Textbook of Microbiology, S. Chand (publication)

Pelczar. Book of Microbiology
Text book of Fungi- Vashistha, S.Chand publication
P D Sharma , Rastogi Publication

Dev Bhoomi Institute of Management Studies Sem: I

Department of Botany
Paper -II Fungi, Microbiology and Elementary Plant Pathology
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 3
Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 L P21 External Marks:
Course Title: Botany Course Duration of External
Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: knowledge of basic science.

Objective:
1. To develop interest in studying micro organisms.
2. To explain group of organisms known as the fungi.
3. To explain develop scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious
organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors)

UNIT-I
Brief history and salient features of fungi. Outlines of classification of Alexopolous and salient
features of the important group. Habit and habitat, structure and methods of reproduction of fungi
based on the following representatives. Stemonitis, Synchytrium, Saprolegnia, Mucor, Penicillium,
Phyllactinia, Eurotium, Sacharomyces, Morchella, Puccinia, Agaricus, Alternaria.
UNIT-II
Distribution and classification of the microorganisms. Elementary principles of isolation and
purification of the microorganisms. Identification and differentiation of bacteria on the basis of
morphology and stains (Negative staining, Gram’s stain, acid fast). Decomposition of the organic
matter in soil and the role of the microorganisms in carbon and nitrogen cycle in nature.

UNIT-III
Fine structure of bacteria, their classification, nutrit ion and reproduction. Economic importance
of bacteria. Viruses: Nature, structure, transmission, multiplication and economic importance
Bacteriophages-a brief idea. Mycoplasma: a general account.

UNIT-IV
Lichens: Occurrence, physiology (symbiotic relationship) and general structure. Nutrition and
reproduction in lichens with special refrence to Parmella. Economic importance of Lichens.

UNIT-V
General symptoms of plant diseases. General principles of infection and resistance. General
methods of chemical and biological control of the plant diseases. The symptoms, morphology of
the causal organism, disease cycle and control measures of the following disease: White rust of
crucifers, Late blight of potato, Loose smut of wheat, Black rust of wheat, and wart disease of
potato, Red rot of sugarcane.

TEXT BOOKS:
[T1] B.R. Vashishta, Text book of Fungi.
[T2] Singh, Pande and Jain, A text book of Botany
REFERENCE BOOKS:
[R1] H.C Gangulee and A.K. Kar, College Botany Vol II.

Course Outcome Description

CO1 The student will learn about infectious disease include fungi,
oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms,
phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants.
CO2 The student will learn various types of staining for bacteria, cellular
components of prokaryotes, mycoplasma.
 Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies Year: I/semester-II

Department of Botany
Paper -I Algae and Bryophytes
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 7
Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 L P61 External Marks:
Course Title: Botany Course Duration of External
Code Exam: 3 Hours

Objectives:
The study will cover the diversity of algae (red, green and brown algae), lower plants
(Bryophytes) emphasizing their major divisions, distributions and life cycle as well as structures
and economic importance such as food, medicinal and ecological values

Unit-1
1. General Characteristics of Algae.
2. Classification of Algae, basic outline of Fritsch’s classification
3. Organization of thallus, pigmentation and mode of reproduction in algae

Unit-2
1. Occurrence, structure of thallus and mode of reproduction in the following genera:
Chlamynomodas, Cladophora, Vaucheria and Chara
2. General account of the Bacillariophyceae.

Unit-3
3. Occurrence, structure and mode of reproduction in polysiphonia.
4. Cyanobacteria- a general account and Nitrogen fixation by Cyanobacteria
5. Economic importance of algae as food and fodder, in agriculture, industry and in
public health.

Unit-4
1. Outline and basic principles of classification of the bryophytes
2. Comparative account of the gross morphology, vegetative and sexual reproduction,
structure and evolution of the sporophytes of Marchantia, Anthoceros and Funeria.
3. Origin, habitat, distribution and economic importance of bryophytes

Books-
Botany algae and Bryophytes-
Khan, M, 1983. Fundamental of Phycology, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Parihar, N.S. 1976. The Biology and Morphology of Bryophtes, Central Book Depot. Allahbad.
Puri,P 1980. Bryophytes , Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi.
Sharma, O.P. 1989. Text book of Bryophyta, Pragati Prakashan, Merrut.
 Course Description
Outcome
CO1 Give the significant differences between old and modern of classification
system.
CO2 List the principles of plant taxonomy
CO3 Give the relation of taxonomy to other sciences

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Management Studies Year: I/semester-II

Department of Botany
Paper -II Pteridophyta,elementary gymnosperm and Paleobotany
Course Level: Beginner Course Type: Credit: 7
Core
Total Contact Hours: 24 L P61 External Marks:
Course Title: Botany Course Duration of External
Code Exam: 3 Hours

Pre – Requisite: knowledge of basic science.

Objective:
1. To develop interest in studying micro organisms.
2. To explain group of organisms known as the fungi.
3. To explain develop scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious
organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors)

Unit-1
1. General characteristics of the Pteridophytes and classification as proposed by sporn
2. A comparative study of Rhynia, Segalina, Equisetum & Marsilea on the basis of
following features: morphology and anatomy of the vegetative plant body and spore
producing organ.
Unit-2
1. A brief account of telome theory, Stelar system and its evolution.
2. Hetrospory and seed habitate in Pteridophytes.
Unit-3
1. Outline of classification as proposed by D.D Pant and distingh-uishing features of
Gymnosperm in India.
2. Comparative account of the structure,life history and evolutionary trends and economic
importance based on cycas, Pinus and Ephedra.
Unit-4
1. Process of fossilization.
2. Types of Fossils.
3. Living nad pseudofossils.
Books-
Khan.M 1983. Fundamental of phycology
Puri
Parihar, N.S 1976
Pandey, S.N textbook of pteridophyta.

Practicals:-

Study of the following and preparation of temporary slides in the botany lab:
Chara, Vaucheria, Polysiphonia.
Study of morphological features of cycas, ephedra.
Study of external features of Marselia, Equisetum etc.

Course Description
Outcome
CO1 Give the significant differences between old and modern of classification
system.
CO2 List the principles of plant taxonomy
CO3 Give the relation of taxonomy to other sciences