Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON
SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN DMRC

SUBMITTED BY :-

SHREYA CHAUHAN

B.Tech , 4​th​ Year – Electronics & Communication Engineering

Roll No-8816102004
Jaypee University Anoopshahr, Uttar Pradesh - 203390

1​ | ​Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby take this moment to express my sincere gratitude to my mentors at DMRC
office,Mayur Vihar and the staff at Dwarka mor Metro Station for their wonderful
support and encouragement. Their wonderful style of mentoring has surely made
my Training period a great learning experience.

I am grateful to them for providing all the facilities & motivation and patience.

2​ | ​Page
PREFACE

At the very outset of the prologue, it becomes imperative to insist that training is
an integral part of engineering curriculum.
Training allows us to gain an insight into the practical aspects of the various topics,
with which we come across while pursuing our B.Tech. i.e. training gives us
practical implementation of various topics we already have learned and will learn
in near future.
Training always emphasizes on logic and commonsense, instead of theoretical
aspects of subject.
The Six weeks training at DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation) involved a
study of various departments(Signalling & Telecommunication) of the
organization, as per the time logically scheduled and well planned given to me.
The rotation in various departments was given to me, in order to get an overall
idea about the working of the organization.

3​ | ​Page
ABOUT THE COMPANY :-
For implementation and subsequent operation of Delhi MRTS, a company under the name DELHI
METRO RAIL CORPORATION was registered on 03-05-95 under the Companies Act, 1956. DMRC
has equal equity participation from GOI and GNCTD.

The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called
the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on March 5, 1995 with ​E. Sreedharan a​ s the
managing director.
The Delhi Metro has been instrumental in ushering in a new era in the sphere of mass urban
transportation in India. The swanky and modern Metro system introduced comfortable, air
conditioned and eco-friendly services for the first time in India and completely revolutionized the
mass transportation scenario not only in the National Capital Region but the entire country.

Having constructed a massive network of 218.17 Km with 164 stations in record time, the DMRC
today stands out as a shining example of how a mammoth technically complex infrastructure
project can be completed before time and within budgeted cost by a Government agency.

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) was registered on 3​rd​ May 1995 under the
Companies Act, 1956 with equal equity participation of the Government of the National Capital
Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and the Central Government to implement the dream of construction
and operation of a world- class Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS).

The DMRC opened its first corridor between Shahdara and Tis Hazari on 25​th​ December, 2002.
Subsequently, the first phase of construction worth 65 kilometres of Metro lines was finished two
years and nine months ahead of schedule in 2005. Since then the DMRC has also completed the
construction of another 125 kilometres of Metro corridors under the second phase in only four and
a half years.

Presently, the Delhi Metro network consists of about 218.17 Km with 164 stations along with six
more stations of the Airport Express Link. The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to
reach NOIDA and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh,Gurgaon and faridabad in Haryana​. 

Dr. E. Sreedharan handed over charge as MD, DMRC to Shri Mangu Singh on 31
December 2011.

4​ | ​Page
TELECOMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
It is the department of DMRC, which deals with the protection, supervision and
operation of the train. In short it the department that manages the metro traffic
on the rails. Transmission of information is possible through co-axial cables,
wireless media, fibre optics. Communication at a distance by electronics
transmission of impulses, as by telegraph, cable, telephone, radio, or television
constitutes Telecommunication.

Fiber Optics Transmission system(FOTS)

5​ | ​Page
It is the transmission system that uses optical fiber as communication media. Thus optical fiber
communication is the method of transmitting information through optical fibers. ​FOTS can be
termed as the backbone of DMRC telecommunication network. Fiber optics eases up the data and
voice communication or access to various systems at different stations. This network is based on
fiber optical cables on both sides of the track. The number of fibers is determined in order to comply
with redundancy. The fiber is redundant for security and protection. In case of fiber optic failure,
communication can take place via spare fiber while the fiber that is down may be fixed.
FOTS is further differently prescribed in following ways.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH)

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ​(​SDH​) are standardized multiplexing protocols that

transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or highly
coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At low transmission rates data
can also be transferred via an electrical interface. The method was developed to
replace the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) system for transporting large
amounts of telephone calls and data traffic over the same fiber without
synchronization problems
The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module, level 1) frame is the basic
transmission format for SDH—the first level of the synchronous digital hierarchy.
The STM-1 frame is transmitted in exactly 125 μs, therefore, there are 8,000
frames per second on a 155.52 Mbit/s OC-3 fiber-optic circuit.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE/EPABX

EPABX is stands for ​Electronics Private Automatic Branch Exchange. ​For purpose
of planting communication link between different stations, DMRC has its
self-sustained telephone exchange. This system works on -48 V DC from SMPS.
Data is processed at a rate of 64k bps.
EPABX System at OCC​:
Telephone system shall interface to the radio system to enable radio users to
initiate and receive calls to/ from EPABX extension or to MTNL or TATA INDICOM
telephones.

6​ | ​Page
Centralized Digital Recording System​: The telephone system is equipped with a
CDRS for recording of designed lines, emergency PAS announcements and
designated conversion system.
Network Management System​: The telephone network including EPABX and
DLTC system is monitored, supervised and controlled by a NMS.

Connection of Phones at a Station:

● MDF-​Main Distribution Frame
● IDF-​Intermediate Distribution Frame

7​ | ​Page
PIDS/PAS SYSTEM
DMRC, being a Public Transport System, requires PIDS/PAS to address Passenger
& Staff about:
Real-Time Train Arrival/Departure Information at Stations.
Public awareness, Safety and Security related Information.
Emergency and Evacuation Information, in case of any Emergency in DMRC
System.

8​ | ​Page
The bilingual Information (English & Hindi) is displayed in written form on the
display panels and is synchronized with voice announcements.

PID/PAS FEATURES:
Real time information display/announcement in sync with Automatic Train
Supervision (ATS) system.
Bell Sound incorporated with Train arrival announcement for passenger attention.
User defined message display/announcement is possible either from OCC or from
stations.
Emergency announcement available from Platform Supervisory Booth.

9​ | ​Page
Emergency announcement from Radio/EPABX is feasible.

Automatic Fare Collection System

Automatic Fare Collection System ​(AFC) ​is a contactless smartcard-based
end-to-end solution for fare collection and payment. The state-of-the-art solution
is uniquely designed with the demand of revenue services for modern transit
operation in mind. Furthermore, with the advent of smartcard technology and
proliferation of its business applications, ​AFC a​ lso enables transit operators to
expand revenue opportunities, exploit the benefits of payment integration with
other transit operators as well as non-transit service providers.

Benefits of Smartcard-Based System

▪ Improve efficiency and reduce operating and maintenance cost of fare
collection for transit operators
▪ Ease-of-use for commuters, increased passenger flow in and out of
stations and transit vehicles
▪ Open up proactive marketing opportunities. Multi-application capability
and interoperability enable effective targeted pricing, loyalty
programmes, cross-marketing with other services etc
▪ Reduce fare-related fraud and revenue loss through open standard,
secured transaction technology
▪ Provide reliable and uninterrupted operation for train, bus, road toll and
retail applications etc….

NEED FOR AFC:

▪ Reduces Ticketless Travel
▪ No requirement of a Ticket Collector
AFC DOES THE FOLLOWING:
▪ Access Control

10​ | ​Page
 ▪ Ticket Reading/Writing
▪ Transaction Collection and reports
▪ Stock Management (here tickets/tokens are the stock).
▪ Equipment Supervision from a centralized center.
AFC SYSTEM VENDORS:
▪ Thales (line1,2,3,4)
▪ Samsung (line 5,6)

AFC Gate

1. AFC GATE TYPES:

1. According to physical dimensions:

▪ Normal/Standard Gate
▪ Entry gate
▪ Exit gate
▪ Hybrid gate/Wide gate

11​ | ​Page
2. According to hardware:
▪ Smart Media Validator (at entry gates)
▪ Smart Media Accepter (at exit gates)
▪ Reversible gates

TICKET VENDING MACHINE (TVM)

12​ | ​Page
CCTV System (Closed-Circuit Television)

▪ The main function of CCTV system is to record the events in the saloon area
& Platform.
▪ Cameras are directly connected to the DVRs in the DT-car
▪ It, other cars cameras are connected to remote units.
▪ All images are streamed to the DVRs where they are stored.
▪ The DVRs and remote units are connected to the TCMS via IP backbone.
▪ The CCTV system via DVF-i will communicate with the TCMS via IP
backbone.
▪ Live camera images can be viewed on monitors in both cabs.

13​ | ​Page
System activation:
▪ When the vehicle is activated, it performs a system start-up and supplies
power to the CCTV system.
▪ After the system start-up, tile video system starts recording images.

System de-activation:
▪ When there is no power, the CCTV system de-activates.

14​ | ​Page
CONCLUSION
▪ The period of 6 weeks of training in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was a
learning experience. It presented an opportunity of seeing how engineers
work and co-ordinate in an organization. The study of various Hierarchies in
Delhi Metro Rail enriched the knowledge regarding the various levels of
government organization.
▪ It also helped to gain an opportunity to study the various
community/stakeholders participations of various Signal & Communication
units. This enhanced the report writing skills and presentation techniques
for the future.
▪ Thus, the Signal & Telecommunication Department helped me to review
the various techniques and inventions which are required to be
implemented properly to make the vision of Electronics world of future
successful.

15​ | ​Page