S.N.

Topic

2
3

5
6

7
8
9
10
11
Item

1.BBS & Behaviour defination,Observable & Underlying Behavior 3 types of at-risk behaviour, ,What Influences Behavior
2.heinrich accident triangle, 3. BBS process
,organizational behavior management, BBS involve control measure,BBS include type of employees ,Safety-related behavi
behaviour causes - BEHAVIORAL BASED--IS APPROACH
behaviour , 6 question asked pdf , root cause analysis (UA-Personal factor ,UC- job factor pdf 7. Ways to improve BBS at
9. BBS ABC model with safety shoes eg. , how to implement BBS at site -4 step obs
-positive /corrective/graphical . Antecedent , 4 Types of Consequences with eg. & their impact on behaviour,conse
checklist in ward , Safe Behaviour index,Cost per unsafe behaviour 11. BBS implementation ,BBS OUTCOMES BASED ON
Behavior-based safety (BBS) is the "application of science of behavior change to real world safety problems". or "A proces
management and employees that continually focuses people's attentions and actions on theirs, and others, daily safety beh
people behave the way they do when it comes to safety...................process that helps employees identitfy and choose a sa
process of changing unsafe behaviour of anyone into safe behaviour (behavour-(the way people act) -how one do task &
especially towards others.-behavour of human & organisation ) .......Behavior: Any directly measurable thing that a perso
, and performing physical functions.
There are 3 types of at-risk behaviour: •Conscious •Habitual •Unintentional---Psychological Factors-Stress,•Tiredness,•Fe
Mistakes-1.Rule Based 2.Knowledge Based

What Influences Behavior?-Motivation.,Intelligence.,Emotions.,Experience.,Attitude,Situational Conditions.

Desire,Need.,Abilities.,Skills.,Ambition….......................When The Reason For Behavior is Not Known,.Determine What Moti
-- Lack of Training?
-- Working Conditions?
-- Personal Problems?
Work-Related Problem? - Try and Fix It.
Personal Problem? - Work Within Company Resources
Find Positive Ways To Discourage Unacceptable Behavior.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,MOTIVATION CHANGES ATTITUDE
AND
ATTITUDE DRIVES BEHAVIOR

300 recordable nearmiss , 3000 recordable nearmiss , 30000 unsafe behaviours (working without safety shoes )
BBS Process -Make team(Committee) &their training of observer-Use a design team of hourly workers, supervisors and m
process - forms, training, data collection and ID roles & responsibilities,Clearly define critical behaviors that will be observe
at-risk behavior observed .Determine who will act on data collected through observations -------Identify /Oserve unsafe/a
worker why he do unsafe , Give your feedback to worker-(feedback -positive /corrective/graphical )-Need to create – Pos
Feedback -how to do safely, its hz,its risk, Corrective action, well done -safe task ---capture small improvements) - analyze
-Generate solution (how/stretegy to improve behaviour)- Implement Change behaviour -Evalute-measure the effectivenes
representation of safe Vs unsafe behaviour

safety (Safety Triad) is combination of 3 element -1.Person (Physical capabilities , expereince ,trainng ),2 . Envirnment (Eng
& 3.behaviour (what person does on workplace )…......................3 DISTINCT ELEMENTS OF SAFETY--HUMAN ATTRIBUTES (
MOTIVES, ETC .… WORK ENVIRONMENT: (EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, MACHINES, PROCEDURES, FACILITES, ETC.) …INDOORS/OU
ENOUGH DRINKING WATER)-BEHAVIOR: (WHAT PEOPLE DO

BBS "focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a research-supported intervention strategy to
based on a larger scientific field called organizational behavior management.[citation needed]

In a safety management system based upon the hierarchy of hazard control, BBS may be applied to internalise hazard avoid
use of personal protective equipment), but should not be used in preference to the implementation of reasonably practica

To be successful a BBS program must include all employees, from the CEO to the front line workers including hourly, salar
To achieve changes in behavior, a change in policy, procedures and/or systems most assuredly will also need some change.
support from all involved in making those decisions.

BBS is not based on assumptions, personal feeling, and/or common knowledge. To be successful, the BBS program used m

2. All Behaviors Have a Context

Safety-related behaviors do not occur in a vacuum; they are often a reflection of a complex relationship between an orga
employee. One study of at-risk behavior across five sites illustrates this principle. Of 13,000 at-risk interactions logged ov
"personal choice," what we call enabled behavior. The overwhelming majority – 83% – were performed because the safe
effort) or impossible (not within the employee's control)----BEHAVIORAL BASED--IS A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
A recent study shows that companies that develop leaders alongside their behavior-based safety implementations show a
rates (40%) over companies implementing BBS alone (25%).
Law of karma-what one do - it impact on all , what all do - it impact on one .
Reason of unsafe behaviour 1. PPE/safety item is not comfortable to wear (Comfort) 2. save the cost of PPE/ Safety item
4. Safety takes more efforts (Convenience) 5. False believe(low probability of accident ) -accident can not be happen-I am
convert into incident .-‘Nothing’s going to happen to me’ attitude 6. Not know -how to do safely-Lack of awareness that
from superier to do unsafely-At-risk behavior is reinforced 8 . superier not take interest to do safely -allow directly/indere
unsafe act do not catch ,10. Lack of understanding and training 11. Complacency 12. low safety prioritization -Celebrating
Practices 14.Poor Planning/Execution/cordination

Ways to improve BBS at site -1. attitude 2. Communicatin 3. employees engaged in safety (Watching -training videos, He
Reading it (posters, email newsletter) -Recognition for Achieving Goals (individual and/or facility),
Safety Events,Discussion of and feedback on safety issues,
Questionnaires/Suggestion Boxes,Build safety into your facility’s communications, Protect employees’ voices ,Give employe
positive consequences ,Make people aware of their impact on safety .:Promotion-RECOGNITION,Awards for Achieving Goa
Days, Picnics & Contests
Publications (newsletters, posters, bulletin board notices, etc.),Training (videos/fact sheets) ,EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT:Com
Questionnaires/Suggestion Box

4) Safety Culture -determines behavior,both social and organizational.The Common threads that emerge from these accide
happen--Unclear who was responsible for what Rigid communication channels ,Decision-makers too distant from the field
Mindset that success is routine, fortifying a belief that everything is ok, “we’re in good shape”Safety is not a priority – it is a
accountable .,Safety performance measured & tied to compensation / incentives .,Safety integrated into all operations .Safe
used .There was undefined responsibility, authority, and accountability for safety .Belief that rule compliance is enough for
drills & procedures for severe , events were lacking
Design and operating features were confusing
and complex but were allowed to exist
although recognized as hazardous elsewhere,
Team-player emphasis with no tolerance for whistle-blowers
“culture of silence” .Problems experienced from other locations not applied as “lessons learned” .Lessons learned not built
Defects / errors became acceptable

5)Culture Important-It is an atmosphere we work in that shapes our behavior . Unwritten rules that define what’s really
important in an organization, Invisible force that largely dictates the behavior of employees & management

6)Perceptions are reality”,The ultimate “customer” of safety is the employee .Measures differences in the way employees &
Gaps in perceptions provide starting point for improving safety culture
ABC Model--Antecedent ,Antecedents (PPE, Training etc .provided ) (trigger behavior)---Behavior (human performance-we
reinforce or punish behavior/ accident occor or safe work done )
Pinpointing Behavior-Measurable,Observable ,Reliable ,Controllable - Attitudes can be changed by changing behaviors-Hu
.therefore Behavior can be managed !
Behavior Observation-Observation checklist -Spot check behaviors-If safe behavior, mark ‘safe’-If unsafe behavior, mark ‘u

Measurement-Records observations and analyzes

Uses objective measurement
Measures safety process, not just results
Gives feedback to employees and capture small improvements
Is specific about performance and becomes positive reinforcement

Positive Verbal Feedback-Be specific -Be sincere-Deliver immediately-Be personal -Don’t use “but” or “however”
Verbal Feedback-Don’t ignore unsafe behavior-Acknowledge small improvements-Be objective-Be specific-Use a questioni
Past performance or baseline-Current goals-Presented and discussed frequently

Antecedents (Activators )-Prompt people to act

Precede the behavior
Communicate information
Work best with consequences
Work only in short term if no consequences---List all antecedents and consequences and describe strength of consequenc
Determine which consequences are motivating behavior
Solution to problem behavior – make weak consequences strong

Stimulus-a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.
Activators: A person, place, thing or event that happens before a behavior takes place that encourages
you to perform that behavior. Activators only set the stage for behavior or performance - they don’t control it.
Goals, Objectives, Priorities, Accountabilities, Policies/Procedures Standards,Training/Education, Job aids such as checklists
Instruction,Instructions, Manuals, Procedures, Feedback

Behavior: Any directly measurable thing that a person does, including speaking,
acting , and performing physical fu
1) Everyday (soon) 2) Without fail (certain) 3) Give plenty of +ve feedback (+ve)

Only 4 Types of Consequences (P/N positive/negative & I/F (immediate/future) & C/U (certain/uncertain )-Positive, Im
effective consequence for maintaining or increasing performance :Cigarette smoking - Negative, future, uncertain H2S Exp
recognition from Superintendent/Foreman - Positive, immediate, certain
Positive Reinforcement (R+)
("Do this & you'll be rewarded") e. wear shoes & get safety award -
Negative Reinforcement (R-)
("Do this or else you'll be penalized") wear shoes otherwise get Rs 1 lakh penality -
Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized") if u smoke -u get 10 lakh fine -get what u do not want
Extinction (E) (वविललुप्त हहोनन)(gradual weakening of a conditioned response) if u do unsafe work , u will not get PLR .
("Ignore it and it'll go away") ----Both Positive (R+) & Negative (R-) Reinforcement Can Increase Behavior . Both Punishme
R+ : any consequence that follows a behavior and increases the probability that the behavior will occur more often in the
you want .Acknowledgement, recognition, better work assignments

R- : a consequence that strengthens any behavior that reduces or terminates the consequence - You escape or avoid some
want ,Avoiding criticism, unpleasant tasks, or accidents
Performing desired behavior to avoid punishment
Performing desired behavior only when boss is watching
Both Punishment & Extinction Decrease Behavior & both positive & negative reinforcement incre
(consequence that decreases the frequency of the behavior it follows) is presented .Stops unwanted behavior
- You may get something you don’t want-You bonehead!! You can kiss that bonus for this year good-bye.... and take a fe
warning

E: withholding or non-delivery of positive reinforcement for previously reinforced behavior - You don’t get what you want-
cries he’ll never learn to go to sleep peacefully. no recognition, no acknowledgement ..Extinction - is when people do som
withholding or non-delivery of reinforcement for previously reinforced behavior

Types of Positive Reinforcement-Social reinforcement -Written-Verbal-Physical-Smile-Humor-Time or attention- Just say “T

reinforcement-Food-Gifts-Certificates--Privileges-Money,
BBS -Checklist.DOC

BEHAVIOUR CATEGORIES SAFE At-risk Corrections

• PPE
• Housekeeping
• Using tools
• Body positioning
• Material handling
• Communication
• Following procedures
• Visual focusing
• Using mobile at work

Number of injuries last year x tentative cost per injury /

Number of unsafe behaviours observed. =112 x Rs 8,482 /
10,200 = Rs. 93 per unsafe behaviours.=Cost per unsafe behaviour

BBS implementation-Linking BBS observation card as part

of PMS/KRA…...................Conducting Safety Perception Survey/
BBS Survey and report on SUSA

One-day BBS practical awareness training as BBS

observers for each location,
• Issuing BBS sticker to be put on the helmet as an
identity;
• Issuing Training Attendance Certificate to all
participants as motivation factor
• Participants Evaluation of BBS Training

BBS implementation
• Developing BBS Lead Trainers and bimonthly
project guidance at each location
• Displaying BBS banners/posters at each location for
Advertisement
• IT enabling BBS Observation checklist
• Developing BBS training as an e-module

BBS Monthly Review by Steering Teams by each

location and Compliance with its proceedings
• Corporate Apex Implementation Team Review on
BBS monthly progress
• Including BBS awareness training in contractors /
Vendors T&C
• Rewarding best BBS observers based on maximum
observation.
• Celebration of BBS annual day
Visible Outcomes
• Comparing injury data every 6 months before/after
launch date of BBS and
• observable decline in unsafe behaviours/ conditions
• Organizations that fail to take a scientific approach
to safety’s human-behavior element are gambling
with their futures and are ultimately only safe by
accidents.

BBS Recommendations
• Safety Statistics board should also reflect the percentage of SUSA.
• Safety Motivation / recognition need to be introduced in the plant.
• BBS Observations to be linked to performance objective.
• HSE Index should include the monthly % of Unsafe/atrisk behaviour which is the “root cause” of any incident in the plan
BBS India 09322006518

BBS OUTCOMES BASED ON DATA FROM EIGHT COMPANIES

• Behavioural trends on an average across companies is 72% of safe behaviours;
at-risk behaviour of 28%% and at-risk behaviours corrected is 2% by each observer. • The number of safe behaviours has
months of launch of BBS. • The number of observers has also increased every month. • The number of unsafe conditions a
down. • BBS has been recommended to other locations of the company with an
introduction of BBS in one location. • The management commitment for safety has gone up due to involvement. • Safety h
The incident reporting is not there from locations where BBS is implemented. • There is a significant decline in Near miss a
behaviours. •
• This data has been drawn from many companies (where BBS is introduced for the
last 5 years) such as Vedanta, L&T, IOCL locations, India Glycols, Paradeep
Phosphates Ltd, Bayer CropScience, Aarti industries, Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd
get want
GASIC 1472 680 792