Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Computer Applications in Power Systems

List of Experiments

1. Introduction to various blocks of power system block set.

2. To Determine Bus Admittance (Y bus) Matrix of a given five bus system

network.

3. To demonstrate steady-state and transient analysis of a linear circuit using

MATLAB SIMULINK.

4. Solution of load flow problem using Gauss-Seidel iterative technique.

5. To determine the power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method.

6. Modeling and analysis of power systems under faulted condition.

7. Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flow dynamics of a power
system

8. Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flowdynamics of a two

area power system without and with load frequency controllers.

9. Analysis of transient and small signal stability analysis of Single-Machine-

Infinite Bus.

10.Transient stability analysis of Multi -Machine-Infinite Bus (SMIB) system

 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No. 1

Aim: To understand the blocks provided in SimPowerSystem block set. There is a library consisting
number of blocks used in electrical circuit s and power system applications. Any electrical circuit can be
modeled and simulated for analytical purpose. The results obtained in simulation can be used in real time
applications of the simulated circuit.

Software required: MATLAB 7 or above.

Theory: MATLAB provides number of block sets in engineering applications. SimPowerSystem is a

powerful block set for electrical engineering applications. There are number of applications provided in
this block set some of them are as follows-

1. Application libraries
2. Electrical sources
3. Machines
4. Measurements
5. Power electronics
6. Extra library

Below fig. shows the creation of a model in a Simulink window. Components are brought to the Simulink
model editor by drag downing the components from the library.

Procedure:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Open Simulink window by icon given above.
3. Create a new model in file bar.
4. Create the desired circuit by draging the blocks from library tom the model file.
5. Simulate the circuit by start simulation button.
6. View the results.

Exercise: Create a simulink model of a simple RLC circuit and obtain the voltage and current
characteristic across RL branch.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No.2

Object: To Determine Bus Admittance (Ybus) Matrix of a given five bus system network.

Software Required: MATLAB 7 or above.

Theory:

Bus Admittance matrix (Ybus) is used for solving load flow problems. Ybus matrix is widely used because
of it’s simplicity in data interpretation, and the ease with which it can be formed and modified for changing
networks. One of the greatest advantage is the large number of zeros present (also known as sparsity) in it
for a large power system network due to which it requires lesser memory of computer and also time
reduction in the time required in calculation. The diagonal elements of any Ybus matrix are known as
driving point admittances and is given by the summation of individual admittances connected the bus . The
off diagonal elements are known as transfer admittances and given by the negative of admittance of the
line connecting the buses.

Procedure:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Create a new M-file by selecting File-New-M-file.
3. Type and save the program in the editor window.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tolols-Run.
5. View the results.

Exercise:

(i) Determine the Y bus matrix for the power system network shown in fig.1 by manual
calculation.
(ii) Determine the Y bus matrix for the power system network shown in fig.1 by MATLAB
program.
(iii) Compare the manually obtained results and results obtained by MATLAB progtam.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No.3

Object:To demonstration steady-state and transient analysis of a linear circuit using MATLAB
SIMULINK.

Theory: Given circuit is a simplified model of a 230 kV three-phase power system. Only one phase of the
transmission system is represented. The equivalent source is modeled by a voltage source (230 kV
rms/sqrt(3) or 187.8 kV peak, 60 Hz) in series with its internal impedance (Rs Ls) corresponding to a 3-
phase 2000 MVA short circuit level and X/R = 10. (X = 230e3^2/2000e6 = 26.45 ohms or L = 0.0702 H, R
= X/10 = 2.645 ohms). The source feeds a RL load through a 150 km transmission line. The line
distributed parameters (R = 0.035ohm/km, L = 0.92 mH/km, C = 12.9 nF/km) are modeled by a single pi
section (RL1 branch 5.2 ohm; 138 mH and two shunt capacitances C1 and C2 of 0.967 uF). The load (75
MW - 20 Mvar per phase) is modeled by a parallel RLC load blockA circuit breaker is used to switch the
load at the receiving end of the transmission line. The breaker which is initially closed is opened at t = 2 .
cycles, then it is reclosed at t = 7 cycles. Current and Voltage Measurement blocks provide signals for
visualization purpose.

Procedure:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Open Simulink window by icon given above.
3. Create a new model in file bar.
4. Create the given circuit by draging the blocks from library tom the model file.
5. Simulate the circuit by start simulation button.
6. View the results.

+ i
-
Rs Ls RL1 Load current
Breaker Scope
150 km
transmission line
132.8 kV rms
60 Hz C1 C2 RL Load
75 MW 20 Mvar
+ v
-
Line voltage

Continuous ?

Double click here for details

Exercise:

Open the Powergui block and select "Steady State Voltage and Currents" to measure the steady-state
voltage and current phasors. Using the Powergui select now "Initial States Setting" to obtain the initial
state values (voltage across capacitors and current in inductances). Now, reset all the initial states to zero
by clicking the "to zero" button and then "Apply" to confirm changes. Restart the simulation and observe
transients at simulation starting. Using the same Powergui window, you can also set selected states to
specific values.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No.4

Aim:Solution of load flow problem using Gauss-Seidel iterative technique.

Software Required: MATLAB 7 or above

Theory:

The Gauss-Seidel method is an iterative algorithm for solving a set of non-linear load flow equations.

The non linear load flow equation is given by-

𝑝−1 𝑛
1 𝑃𝑝 − 𝑗𝑄𝑝
𝑉𝑝𝑘−1 = ( − ∑ 𝑌𝑝𝑞 𝑉𝑞𝑘−1 − ∑ 𝑉𝑞𝑘 )
𝑌𝑝𝑝 (𝑉𝑝𝑘 ) ∗
𝑞=1 𝑞=𝑝+1

The reactive power of bus-p is given by-

𝑝−1 𝑛

𝑄𝑝𝑘−1 = (−1)𝑥𝐼𝑚 [(𝑉𝑝𝑘 ) ∗ (∑ 𝑌𝑝𝑞 𝑉𝑞𝑘+1 + ∑ 𝑌𝑝𝑞 𝑉𝑞𝑘 )]

𝑞=1 𝑞=𝑝

Procedure:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Create a new M-file by selecting File-New-M-file.
3. Type and save the program in the editor window.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tolols-Run.
5. View the results.

Exercise :

The figure shows the single line diagram of a simple 3 buses power system with generator at bus1. The
magnitude at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 pu.The scheduled loads at buses 2 & 3 are marked on the diagram.
Line impedance are marked in pu. The base value is 1000kVA. The line charging susceptance are
neglected. Determine the phasor values of the voltage at the load buses 2 & 3. Find the slack bus real &
reactive power. Verify the results using MATLAB.

%Gauss Sedial

clc;
data=[1 1 2 10-j*20
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

2 1 3 10-j*30
323
elements=max(data(:,1));
bus=max(max(data(:,2)),max(data(:,3)));
y=zeros(bus,bus);
for p=1:bus,
for q=1:elements,
if(data(q,2)==p|data(q,3)==p)
y(p,p)=y(p,p)+data(q,4);
end
end
end
for p=1:bus,
for q=1:bus,
if (p~=q)
for r=1:elements
if((data(r,2)==p&data(r,3)==q)|(data(r,2)==q&data(r,3)==p))
y(p,q)=-(data(r,4));
end
end
end
end
end
a1=input('enter p2 in MW:');
b1=input('enter q2 in MVAR:');
a2=input('enter p3 in MW:');
b2=input('enter q3 in MVAR');
pu=input('enter the base value in MVA');
p2=(a1/pu);
q2=(b1/pu);
p3=(a2/pu);
q3=(b2/pu);
dx1=1+j*0;
dx2=1+j*0;
v1=1.05;
v2=1+j*0;
v3=1+j*0;
iter=0;
disp('iter v2 v3');
while(abs(dx1)&abs(dx2)>=0.00001)&iter<7;
iter=iter+1;
g1=(((p2-j*q2)/conj(v2))+(-y(1,2)*v1)+(-y(2,3)*v3))/y(2,2);
g2=(((p3-j*q3)/conj(v3))+(-y(1,3)*v1)+(-y(2,3)*g1))/y(3,3);
dx1=g1-v2;
dx2=g2-v3;
v2=v2+dx1;
v3=v3+dx2;
fprintf ('%g',iter),disp([v2,v3]);
end
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No.5

Aim: To determine the power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method.

Software Required:MATLAB 7 or above

Theory: The Newton Raphson method is a powerful method of soling nonlinear algebraic equations. It
works faster and is sure to converge in most cases as compared to Guass Seidel method. It is indeed a
practical method of solving large power networks. The load flow equation for Newton Rephson method is
non linear equations in terms of real and imaginary part of bus voltages.
𝑛

𝑃𝑝 = ∑ {𝑒𝑝 (𝑒𝑞 𝐺𝑝𝑞 + 𝑓𝑞 𝐵𝑝𝑞 ) + (𝑓𝑝 (𝑓𝑞 𝐺𝑝𝑞 + 𝑒𝑞 𝐵𝑝𝑞 ))}

𝑞=1

𝑄𝑝 = ∑ {𝑓𝑝 (𝑒𝑞 𝐺𝑝𝑞 + 𝑓𝑞 𝐵𝑝𝑞 ) − (𝑒𝑝 (𝑓𝑞 𝐺𝑝𝑞 + 𝑒𝑞 𝐵𝑝𝑞 ))}

𝑞=1

Procedure:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new M-file by selecting File-New-M-file.
3. Type and save the program in the editor window.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tolols-Run.
5. View the results.

Exercise:

1. Consider a 3 bus system each of the 3 line has a series impedance of 0.02+j0.08 p.u. and a total
shunt admittance of j0.02 p.u. The specified quantities at the buses are given below.

Bus Real Load Demand Reactive load Real power Reactive Voltage
Demand generation Power Spefied
Generation
1 2 1 - V1= 1.04
2 0 0 0.5 1 Unspecified
3 1.5 0.6 0 Qg3=? V3= 1.04
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

2. Verify the results using MATLAB.

clc;
gbus = [1 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0
3 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.0];
ybus = [5.882-j*23.528 -2.941+j*11.764 -2.941+j*11.764
-2.941+j*11.764 5.882-j*23.528 -2.941+j*11.764
-2.941+j*11.764 -2.941+j*11.764 5.882-j*23.528];
t= 0.001
v1=1.04+j*0;
v2=1+j*0;
v3=1.04+j*0;
del3=angle(v3);
del1=angle(v1);
del2=angle(v2);
%abs(ybus(2,1))
%abs(v2)
for i=1:10
p2=(abs(v2)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(2,1))*cos((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-del2))
+abs(v2)*abs(v2)*abs(ybus(2,2))*cos((angle(ybus(2,2))))+(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*
abs(ybus(2,3))*cos((angle(ybus(2,3))+del3-del2));
q2=-(abs(v2)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(2,1))*sin((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-del2))-
abs(v2)*abs(v2)*abs(ybus(2,2))*sin((angle(ybus(2,2))))-(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*
abs(ybus(2,3))*sin((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del3-del2));
p3=(abs(v3)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(3,1))*cos((angle(ybus(3,1)))+del1-
del3))+abs(v3)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(3,3))*cos((angle(ybus(3,3))))+
(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(3,2))*cos((angle(ybus(3,2)))+del2-del3));
delp20=gbus(2,4)-gbus(2,2)-p2;delp30=gbus(3,4)-gbus(3,2)-p3;
delq20=gbus(2,5)-gbus(2,3)-q2;
J(1,1)=(abs(v2)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(2,1))*sin((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-
del2))+(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*sin((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del3-J(1,2)=-
(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*sin((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del3-
J(1,3)=(abs(v1)*abs(ybus(2,1))*cos((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-
del2))+2*(abs(v2)*abs(ybus(2,2))*cos((angle(ybus(2,2))))+
(abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*
cos((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del3-del2));
J(2,1)=-(abs(v3)*abs(v2)*abs(ybus(3,2))*sin((angle(ybus(3,2)))+del2-
J(2,2)=(abs(v3)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(3,1))*sin((angle(ybus(3,1)))+del1-
del3))+(abs(v3)*abs(v2)*abs(ybus(3,2))*sin((angle(ybus(3,2)))+del2-
J(2,3)=(abs(v3)*abs(ybus(3,2))*cos((angle(ybus(3,2)))+del2-del3));
J(3,1)=(abs(v2)*abs(v1)*abs(ybus(2,1))*cos((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-del2))-
(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*cos((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del2-
J(3,2)=(abs(v2)*abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*cos((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del2-J(3,3)=-
(abs(v2)*abs(ybus(2,1))*sin((angle(ybus(2,1)))+del1-
del2))-2*(abs(v2)*abs(ybus(2,2))*sin((angle(ybus(2,2))))-
(abs(v3)*abs(ybus(2,3))*sin((angle(ybus(2,3)))+del3-del2));
end
J
inv(J);
A=[del2;del3;abs(v2)];
delA0=[delp20;delp30;delq20];
delA1=inv(J)*delA0;
delA1;
b0=abs(v2);
A1=[del2;del3;b0]+delA1;
A1-delA0;
if((A1-delA0)<=t)
break;
del2=A1(1,1);
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No.6

Aim-
1. Modeling and analysis of power systems under faulted condition.
2. compute the fault level, post-fault voltages and currents for different types of faults, both
symmetric and unsymmetrical.
Software Required: MATLAB 7 or above

Symmetrical Fault
Three phase fault
From the thevenin’s equivalent circuit
𝑉
Fault Current 𝐼𝑓2 = 𝑍𝑡ℎ
𝑡ℎ

Where Vth = Thevenin’s Voltage

Zth = Thevenin’s Impedance
Single line to ground fault
Fault current, If = Ia = 3Ia1
𝐼𝑎1 = 𝐸𝑎 /(𝑍1 + 𝑍2 + 𝑍𝑜 )
Line to line fault
Fault current, If= Ia1(a2 – a )
𝐼𝑎 = 𝐸𝑎 /(𝑍1 + 𝑍2 )
Double Line to ground fault

Fault current, If = 2 Ia0 + (Ia1+ Ia2) (a2 + a)where,a1, Ia2 and Ia0 are positive, negative and zero phase sequence
currents.Z1 ,Z2 and Zo are positive, negative and zero phase sequence impedances.

Procedure:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Create a new M – file by selecting File - New – M – File
3. Type and save the program.
4. Execute the program by pressing Tools – Run.
5. View the results.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in figure. The neutral of eachgenerator is
grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25/3 per unit on a 100MVA base.The system data
expressed in per unit on a common 100 MVA base is tabulated below. Thegenerators are running on no
load at their rated voltage and rated frequency with their emf inphase.Determine the fault current for the
following faults.

(a) A balanced three phase fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance, Zf = j0.1 per unit.
(b) A single line to ground fault at bus3 through a fault impedance, Zf = j0.1 per unit.
(c) A line to line fault at bus3 through a fault impedance, Zf = j0.1 per unit.
(d) A double line to ground fault at bus3 through a fault impedance, Zf = j0.1 per unit.

Item Base MVA Voltage rating KV X1 X2 X0

G1 100 20 0.15 0.15 0.05

G2 100 20 0.15 0.15 0.05

T1 100 20/220 0.10 0.10 0.10
T2 100 20/220 0.10 0.10 0.10
L12 100 220 0.125 0.125 0.30
L13 100 220 0.15 0.15 0.35
L23 100 220 0.25 0.25 0.7125

Verify the result using MATLAB program.

PROGRAM

zdata1 = [0 1 0 0.25
0 2 0 0.25
1 2 0 0.125
1 3 0 0.15
2 3 0 0.25];
zdata2 = zdata1;

Zbus1 = zbuild(zdata1)

Zbus0 = zbuild(zdata0)

Zbus2 = Zbus1;

symfault(zdata1,Zbus1)

lgfault(zdata0, Zbus0, zdata1, Zbus1, zdata2, Zbus2)

llfault(zdata1, Zbus1, zdata2, Zbus2)

dlgfault(zdata0, Zbus0, zdata1, Zbus1, zdata2, Zbus2)

RESULT
Modeling and analysis of power systems under faulted condition was studied. Fault level,post-fault
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

voltages and currents for different types of faults, for the given network under symmetricand
unsymmetrical conditions were computed and verified using MATLAB Software.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No. 7

Aim- Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flowdynamics of a power system without and
with load frequency controllers (LFC) and to designbetter controllers for getting better responses.

Software Required: MATLAB 7 or above

Theory:
Active power control is one of the important control actions to be perform to be normaloperation of the
system to match the system generation with the continuously changing systemload in order to maintain the
constancy of system frequency to a fine tolerance level. This is one ofthe foremost requirements in proving
quality power supply. A change in system load cases achange in the speed of all rotating masses (Turbine –
generator rotor systems) of the systemleading to change in system frequency. The speed change form
synchronous speed initiates thegovernor control (primary control) action result in the entire participating
generator – turbine unitstaking up the change in load, stabilizing system frequency. Restoration of
frequency to nominalvalue requires secondary control action which adjusts the load - reference set points
of selected(regulating) generator – turbine units. The primary objectives of automatic generation
control(AGC) are to regulate system frequency to the set nominal value and also to regulate the
netinterchange of each area to the scheduled value by adjusting the outputs of the regulating units.This
function is referred to as load – frequency control (LFC).

Procedure:
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new Model by selecting File - New – Model.
3. Pick up the blocks from the simulink library browser and form a block diagram.
4. After forming the block diagram, save the block diagram.
5. Double click the scope and view the result.

Exercise:
1. An isolated power station has the following parameters
Turbine time constant = 0.5sec
Governor time constant = 0.2sec
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Result

Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flow dynamics of a single area powersystem without
and with load frequency controllers (LFC) was studied and responses are simulatedusing simulation
software.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No. 8

Aim- Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flowdynamics of a two area power system
without and with load frequency controllers (LFC) and todesign better controllers for getting better
responses.
Software Required:MATLAB 7 or above
Theory:

Active power control is one of the important control actions to be perform to be normaloperation of the
system to match the system generation with the continuously changing systemload in order to maintain the
constancy of system frequency to a fine tolerance level. This is one ofthe foremost requirements in proving
quality power supply. A change in system load cases achange in the speed of all rotating masses (Turbine –
generator rotor systems) of the systemleading to change in system frequency. The speed change form
synchronous speed initiates thegovernor control (primary control) action result in the entire participating
generator – turbine unitstaking up the change in load, stabilizing system frequency. Restoration of
frequency to nominalvalue requires secondary control action which adjusts the load - reference set points
of selected(regulating) generator – turbine units. The primary objectives of automatic generation
control(AGC) are to regulate system frequency to the set nominal value and also to regulate the
netinterchange of each area to the scheduled value by adjusting the outputs of the regulating units.This
function is referred to as load – frequency control (LFC).

PROCEDURE:

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Create a new Model by selecting File - New – Model.
3. Pick up the blocks from the simulink library browser and form a block diagram.
4. After forming the block diagram, save the block diagram.
5. Double click the scope and view the result.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

EXERCISE

1. A two area system connected by a tie line has the following parameters on a 1000MVAcommon base

Area 1 2
Speed Regulation R1=0.05 R2=0.0625
Frequency –sens.load coeff. D1=0.6 D2=0.9
Inertia Constant H1=5 H2=4
Base Power 1000MVA 1000MVA
Governor Time Constant g1 = 0.2sec g1 = 0.3sec
Turbine Time Constant T1 =0.5sec T1 =0.6sec

The units are operating in parallel at the nominal frequency of 60Hz. The synchronizing powercoefficient
is computed from the initial operating condition and is given to be Ps = 2 p.u. A loadchange of 187.5 MW
occurs in area1.

(a) Determine the new steady state frequency and the change in the tie-line flow.
(b) Construct the SIMULINK block diagram and obtain the frequency deviation response forthe condition
in part (a).

Simulink Block Diagram:

RESULT

Modeling and analysis of the frequency and tie-line flow dynamics of a two area powersystem without and
with load frequency controllers (LFC) was studied and responses are simulatedusing simulation software.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment No. 9

Aim- To becomefamiliar with various aspects of the transient and small signal stability analysisof Single-
Machine-Infinite Bus (SMIB) system.

Software Required: MATLAB 7 or above

Theory: Stability: Stability problem is concerned with the behavior of power system when it is
subjectedto disturbance and is classified into small signal stability problem if the disturbances are small
andtransient stability problem when the disturbances are large.

Transient stability: When a power system is under steady state, the load plus transmission lossequals to the
generation in the system. The generating units run at synchronous speed and systemfrequency, voltage,
current and power flows are steady. When a large disturbance such as threephase fault, of load, of etc.,
occurs the power is upset andgenerating units rotors experience either acceleration or deceleration. The
system may come backto a steady state condition maintaining synchronism or it may break into
subsystems or one ormore machines may pull out of synchronism. In the former case the system is said to
be stable andin the later case it is said to be unstable.

Small signal stability: When a power system is under steady state, normal operating condition,the system
may be subjected to small disturbances such

PROCEDURE

1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.

2. Create a new M – file by selecting File - New – M – File
3. Type and save the program.
4. Execute the program by pressing Tools – Run
5. View the results.

EXERCISE

1. A 60Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant H = 5 MJ/MVA and a direct axistransient
reactance Xd1 = 0.3 per unit is connected to an infinite bus through a purelyreactive circuit as shown in
figure. Reactances are marked on the diagram on a commonsystem base. The generator is delivering real
powerPe = 0.8 per unit and Q = 0.074per unit to the infinite bus at a voltage of V = 1 per unit.

a) A temporary three-phase fault occurs at the sending end of the line at point F.Whenthe fault is cleared,
both lines are intact. Determine the critical clearing angle andthe critical fault clearing time.
b) Verify the result using MATLAB program.
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

PROGRAM
Pm = 0.8; E = 1.17; V = 1.0;
X1 = 0.65; X2 = inf; X3 = 0.65;
eacfault(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3)
For b)
Pm = 0.8; E = 1.17; V = 1.0;
X1 = 0.65; X2 = 1.8; X3 = 0.8;
eacfault(Pm, E, V, X1, X2, X3)

RESULT

Transient and small signal stability analysis of Single-Machine-Infinite Bus (SMIB) systemwas studied
and simulated using simulation software
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering