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Linear Variable Differential Transformer LVDT

The LVDT is an inductive transducer that converts linear motion into an electrical signal. It consists of a primary winding and two secondary windings on a hollow cylindrical former, with a movable iron core inside. As the core moves, the voltages induced in the secondary windings change differentially based on its position. This differential voltage output varies linearly with the core's displacement, allowing the LVDT to accurately measure small linear movements. LVDTs have advantages like high range, sensitivity, and accuracy for displacement measurement. Their applications include transduction in various mechanical and industrial systems.

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Rakesh Mahajan
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163 views8 pages

Linear Variable Differential Transformer LVDT

The LVDT is an inductive transducer that converts linear motion into an electrical signal. It consists of a primary winding and two secondary windings on a hollow cylindrical former, with a movable iron core inside. As the core moves, the voltages induced in the secondary windings change differentially based on its position. This differential voltage output varies linearly with the core's displacement, allowing the LVDT to accurately measure small linear movements. LVDTs have advantages like high range, sensitivity, and accuracy for displacement measurement. Their applications include transduction in various mechanical and industrial systems.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Mahajan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Variable Differential Transformer


LVDT

1. Definition of LVDT

The term LVDT stands for the Linear Variable Differential Transformer. It
is the most widely used inductive transducer that coverts the linear motion into
the electrical signal.

The output across secondary of this transformer is the differential thus it is


called so. It is very accurate inductive transducer as compared to other
inductive transducers.
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2. Construction of LVDT

Main Features of Construction


 The transformer consists of a primary winding P and two secondary
windings S1and S2 wound on a cylindrical former (which is hollow in
nature and contains the core).
 Both the secondary windings have an equal number of turns, and we place
them on either side of primary winding
 The primary winding is connected to an AC source which produces a flux
in the air gap and voltages are induced in secondary windings.
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 A movable soft iron core is placed inside the former and displacement to
be measured is connected to the iron core.
 The iron core is generally of high permeability which helps in reducing
harmonics and high sensitivity of LVDT.
 The LVDT is placed inside a stainless steel housing because it will
provide electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding.
 The both the secondary windings are connected in such a way that resulted
output is the difference between the voltages of two windings.

3. Principle of Operation and Working

As the primary is connected to an AC source so alternating current and


voltages are produced in the secondary of the LVDT. The output in secondary
S1 is e1 and in the secondary S2 is e2. So the differential output is,

This equation explains the principle of Operation of LVDT.


4

Now three cases arise according to the locations of core which explains the
working of LVDT are discussed below as,
 CASE I When the core is at null position (for no displacement)
When the core is at null position then the flux linking with both the
secondary windings is equal so the induced emf is equal in both the
windings. So for no displacement the value of output eout is zero as e1 and
e2 both are equal. So it shows that no displacement took place.
 CASE II When the core is moved to upward of null position (For
displacement to the upward of reference point)
In the this case the flux linking with secondary winding S 1 is more as
compared to flux linking with S2. Due to this e1 will be more as that of e2.
Due to this output voltage eout is positive.
 CASE III When the core is moved to downward of Null position (for
displacement to the downward of the reference point). In this case
magnitude of e2 will be more as that of e1. Due to this output eout will be
negative and shows the output to downward of the reference point.
Output VS Core Displacement A linear curve shows that output voltage
varies linearly with displacement of core.
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Some important points about magnitude and sign of voltage induced in LVDT
 The amount of change in voltage either negative or positive is
proportional to the amount of movement of core and indicates amount of
linear motion.
 By noting the output voltage increasing or decreasing the direction of
motion can be determined
 The output voltage of an LVDT is linear function of core displacement .

4. Advantages of LVDT:-

a. High Range – The LVDTs have a very high range for measurement of
displacement.they can used for measurement of displacements ranging
from 1.25 mm to 250 mm
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b. No Frictional Losses – As the core moves inside a hollow former so there


is no loss of displacement input as frictional loss so it makes LVDT as
very accurate device.
c. High Input and High Sensitivity – The output of LVDT is so high that it
doesn’t need any amplification. The transducer posseses a high
sensitivity which is typically about 40V/mm.
d. Low Hysteresis – LVDTs show a low hysteresis and hence repeatability
is excellent under all conditions.
e. Low Power Consumption – The power is about 1W which is very as
compared to other transducers.
f. Direct Conversion to Electrical Signals – They convert the linear
displacement to electrical voltage which are easy to process.

Disadvantages of LVDT:-

 LVDT is sensitive to stray magnetic fields so it always requires a setup to


protect them from stray magnetic fields.
 LVDT gets affected by vibrations and temperature.
It is concluded that they are advantageous as compared than any other inductive
transducer.
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Applications of LVDT:-

1. We use LVDT in the applications where displacements to be measured


are ranging from a fraction of mm to few cms. The LVDT acting as a
primary transducer converts the displacement to electrical signal directly.
2. The LVDT can also act as a secondary transducer. E.g. the Bourbon tube
which acts as a primary transducer and it converts pressure into linear
displacement and then LVDT coverts this displacement into an electrical
signal which after calibration gives the readings of the pressure of fluid.
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Reference:-
1. MSBTE study book (tech max) of TOM.
2. www.m.wikipedia.com
3. www.polytecnichub.com
4. www.quorq.com

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