consequence / As a result / Therefore

Linkers and connectors . As a consequence of / As a result

of Followed by a noun phrase.
LINKERS . So Introduces a sentence. No
commas.

Contrast Addition

. In spite of / Despite Link two . Moreover / Furthermore / In

contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun addition / Besides / What's more Used
phrase. after a strong pause and separated from
. Although / (Even) though Link two the sentences. They are introduced by
contrasting ideas. Followed by a comma.
a sentence. . As well as / In addition
. However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / to / Besides Used to add one more piece
Even so / On the contrary / In contrast. of information. Followed by a noun
Introduce a new idea which marks a phrase.
contrast with previously stated ideas.
Introduced by a comma. . Exemplification
. On the one hand ... On the other
hand. Links two contrasting ideas For example / For
/ paragraphs. instance Introduces an example referring
. In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two to previously stated ideas.
contrasting ideas. Followed by a . Such as Introduces an example
noun phrase. referring to the last idea.
. Whereas Link two contrasting ideas.
Not separated by commas. CONNECTORS
Reason and cause Contrast

. Because / As / Since / Seeing . but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a

that Introduce a sentence. sentence.
Subordinate sentences introduced by ‘The book is short but / yet interesting’
because always appear in final position.
. Because of / On account of / Owing . in spite of / despite: It is placed at the
to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase. beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of
Purpose getting up late’

. In order to / So as to Introduce an although / though/ even though / in

infinitive of purpose. spite of the fact that: followed by a
. In order that / So that Introduce a complete sentence. They can be placed at
sentence. the beginning or in the middle of the
sentence. If it is placed at the beginning
Consequence we need to use a comma after the
clause.
. Consequently / As a ‘Although / though / even though / in
spite of the fact that the pupils had - Third / Thirdly / After that...
not studied, they all passed their exams’. - The next stage …
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in
. however, nevertheless, even so, on conclusion / lastly / last but not
the one hand, on the other hand, on the least…
contrary:
‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ Result
even so, he went to school’
. As a result of:
. while, whereas ‘As a result of his brave action, he was
‘This film is very interesting, awarded a military medal.
while/whereas that one is quite boring’
Therefore, as a result, consequently,
Reason and cause for this reason:
‘Consequently / for this reason, it always
. because, as since, seeing that: passes its annual road test’.
‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late,
we should go home’
Order
. because of, on account of, owing to,
due to: First parragraph
‘Because of / on account of / owing to /
due to the weather, we stayed at home’ At first sight: A primera vista
First: En primer lugar
. in order to, so as to, to: First of all: Antes que nada
‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / In the first place: En primer lugar
to record TV programmes’ To start with: Para empezar

Add information
Second parragraph
. for example, for instante, such as:
‘Vegetables are a good source of In the second place: En segundo lugar
vitamins: for example / for instance, Second: Segundo
oranges have vitamin C’ Secondly: En segundo lugar
Third: Tercero
. more over, furthermore, besides, in Thirdly: En tercer lugar
addition to:
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’
Conclusion
. apart from, except for:
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’. Finally: Por último
In conclusion: Para concluir
Succession Lastly: Por último
And eventually: Y finalmente
. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with /
First ….
- Second / Secondly / Then … Adding information
 therefore: por lo tanto
apart from: Aparte de
in addition: Además
in addition to: Además de
What’s more: Además; lo que es más Expressing facts
moreover: Además actually: en realidad
on top of that: Además as a matter of fact: de hecho
besides: Además in fact: de hecho
On the one hand: Por una parte really: en realidad
On the other hand: Por otra parte
and eventually: Y finalmente

Expressing a personal opinion

as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí
Contrast respecta
from my point of view desde mi punto de
all the same: a pesar de todo vista
however: sin embargo I agree estoy de acuerdo
instead of: en vez de I disagree no estoy de acuerdo
in spite of / despite: a pesar de in my opinion en mi opinión
nevertheless: no obstante in my view según lo veo
on the contrary: por el contrario I think that creo que
whereas / while: mientras it is true that es verdad que
though / although: aunque personally personalmente
to be honest, para ser honesto
to tell the truth, a decir verdad

Reason

because of + noun: a causa de Explain

due to + noun: debido a that is (to say): es decir
due to the fact that + sentence: debido a in other words: en otras palabras
que in short: en resumen
for this / that reason: por esta / esa razón above all: sobre todo
owing to + noun: debido a all in all: en general
owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a at least: al menos
que basically: básicamente,
fundamentalmente
especially: especialmente, sobre todo
essentially: esencialmente
Result in general: en general
in particular: en particular
as a result: como resultado more or less: más o menos
because of: a causa de on the whole: en general
consequently: en consecuencia to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto
so: por lo tanto
that's why: por eso, por esa razón...
Exemplifying
and so on: etcétera
for example: por ejemplo
for instance: por ejemplo
such: as tal(es)como

Summarizing
all in all: en suma
in brief: en resumen
in conclusion: Para concluir
in short: en resumen
on the whole: en general
to sum up: Para resumir

Sequencing
after that: después de eso
all of a sudden: de repente
Finally: Finalmente
First of all: En primer lugar
in the end: al final
in the meantime: mientras tanto
meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego
suddenly: de repente
then: entonces, después
while: mientras

REMEMBER TO INCLUDE:

 PASSIVES
 COORDINATE AND
SUBORDINATE SENTENCES
 INVERSIONS
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
 A WIDE RANGE OF
CONNECTORS AND
VOCABULARY

AND AVOID REPETITION !!!