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Runoff includes surface runoff and interflow. Surface runoff occurs when the infiltration capacity is less than the rainfall rate. Interflow is a rapid movement of water below the soil surface and can be a very significant portion of runoff. Runoff timing and magnitude are influenced by basin characteristics like soil, land use, and slope. The construction of roadway and storm sewer systems in urban basins often has the effect of increasing the peak discharge and reducing time to peak.

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301 views3 pages

Document 1

Runoff includes surface runoff and interflow. Surface runoff occurs when the infiltration capacity is less than the rainfall rate. Interflow is a rapid movement of water below the soil surface and can be a very significant portion of runoff. Runoff timing and magnitude are influenced by basin characteristics like soil, land use, and slope. The construction of roadway and storm sewer systems in urban basins often has the effect of increasing the peak discharge and reducing time to peak.

Uploaded by

rauff ridwan akmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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For some applications, runoff is just the surface runoff.

For other applications it also includes _____

Interflow
Surface runoff occurs when the infiltration capacity is _____.
Less rainfall rate

Infiltration excess overland flow and saturation excess overland flow are two types of surface runoff that occur only
when the soil has become saturated.
False

Interflow is a relatively rapid movement of water to the stream channel that occurs below the soil surface and can be a
very significant portion of runoff.
TRUE

Interflow may be enhanced by _____.


FlOW ALONG SOIL BED

Pre-event water can be a very significant contributor to runoff.


True

Runoff timing and magnitude are influenced by basin _____.


ALL OF THE ABOVE

The construction of roadway and storm sewer systems in urban basins often has the effect of _____.

Compared to sandy soil, clay soils _____.


STAY SAT
HAVE SLOWER INFIL
Deforestation and forest fires often result in greater surface runoff and _____.
MORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
DECREASED INFILTRATION
Lumped modeling of a basin _____.
USES BASIN-AVERAGED METEO
The potential advantages of distributed modeling of a basin over lumped modeling are that distributed models _____.
REPRESENT FINE
ARE LESS COMPUTATIONALLY

If hydrograph output from the SACSMA model shows no direct runoff, a small amount of surface runoff, and large
components of interflow and long-term storage, the modeled basin is most likely _____.

WOODLANDS

What is the important functionality of the Continuous API runoff model compared to the API model?

IT CAN USD TO CALCULATE


A valid application for streamflow routing is to estimate the _____.

timing of a flood wave downstream


Down stream
magnitude

When researching past floods, care must be used when selecting the appropriate stage-discharge graph because
_____.

the stage-discharge relationship changes over time

The hydrologic routing method

Is relatively

The storage-release concept breaks the stream down into a series of “storage containers” to simulate the movement
of water from upstream to downstream through ____.

Reservoir

Channel

floodplains

Uniform flow conditions don’t truly exist in a natural channel. This means that _____.

uniform flow can still be assumed, but only under certain conditions

Unsteady flow refers to streamflow that _____.

Changes over time

Open channel flow is open to the atmosphere and moves by gravity.

True

Increasing the roughness coefficient represents more channel friction. That friction acts to slow the water velocity and
can be caused by _____.

Rocks and

Vegetation

Rating curves _____.

MUST BE

Are specific

The Lag and K method for routing a flood wave between two points on a river _____.

simulates the time lag between the two points

simulates the attenuation between the two points

The Lag and K hydrologic routing method is a special case of the Muskingum method that can be used with slowly
varying flood waves.

true
The Muskingum-Cunge method uses a less complex set of equations than the Muskingum method

False

As a flood wave flows through the river system, the downstream peak can be estimated by _____.
Using routed

The river forecast process includes which of the following?


All of te above

The blue area in the graphic represents _____.


the temporary increase of water stored in the upstream channel

the water upstream that will later become part of the downstream hydrograph (shown in gray)

The Muskingum-Cunge method _____


USUALLY
DOES NOT

Hydraulic routing should not be used with rivers that have tidal or backwater effects.
FALSE

Differences in the shape of a flood wave hydrograph between upstream and downstream points are caused by _____.
attenuation of the flood wave as it moves downstream
LOCAL RUNOFF
It would be unwise to use hydrologic routing methods in cases involving _____.
Flashflood
Rive ice

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