PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks 5.

Select five different companies across varying

industries such as I.T., textiles, FMCG, Health
Candidates will be expected to have completed two Care, etc., included in the SENSEX. Keeping a
projects from any topic covered in Theory. hypothetical base money of Rupees One Lakh,
invest in the shares of the selected companies. The
The project work will be assessed by the teacher
movement of share prices selected by you should
and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and
be monitored over a period of one month on a
approved by the Council.
daily basis. A uniform / standard practice of
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]: either using the opening price or the closing price
on a particular day of the week should be used by
Overall format 1 mark all students in the class.
Content 4 marks At the end of the month, analyse your investment
Findings 2 marks in a spread sheet and give reasons for your choice
of scripts.
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks
6. Find out the names of companies under various
A list of suggested Projects is given below: sectors (FMCG, Pharma, automobile, etc)
included in the NIFTY and the SENSEX.
1. Compare marketing strategies adopted by two Make a chart of the same and track its movements
different companies of the same industry over a period of one week.
(FMCG / Telecommunication / media / education
industry etc.) keeping in mind the following: 7. (a) Study the sources of recruitment and steps
 Product mix involved in the selection procedure adopted
by two companies of the same industry.
 Price Mix
(b) Compare and evaluate the sources of
 Place Mix recruitment and the selection process adopted
 Promotion Mix by the selected companies.

2. Collect newspaper/magazine clippings of five 8. Formulate a capital plan for a hypothetical business
cases filed by consumers in the Consumer Court. organization.
Justify your formulated plan.
Find out the rights violated, and the redressal
mechanism used. 9. Choose two companies of the same industry.
What was the outcome of each case? Study their organizational structure. Also give
information with regard to:
3. Visit a commercial Bank. Find out the procedure (i) Hierarchy
to open a savings account. (ii) Centralization and delegation of authority
Find out the details of various Agency & General (iii) Flow of information (scalar chain)
utility services provided by the bank. (iv) Span of control
(v) Channel of communication.
4. Compare the interest rates offered by five
10. Select any business undertaking. Study the
different commercial banks on fixed deposits
selected business in terms of ownership, capital
under various categories (general and senior and profitability.
citizens) and various time durations. Make a S.W.O.T. analysis and present it in a
Find out the procedure and formalities for opening tabular form.
a fixed deposit account.
What is the procedure for closing the account on NOTE: No question paper for Practical work will be
maturity and before maturity period? set by the Council.

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(ii) Nature of Management – Science, Art and Motivation - Meaning and Maslow’s
Profession. theory; Leadership- Meaning and
Self explanatory. qualities of a good leader;
(iii) Importance of Management. Communication - Meaning, objectives
and process. Barriers to communication
Self explanatory.
and overcoming barriers to
(iv) Principles of Management: nature of communication.
principles; need for principles.
(e) Controlling:
Nature of principles of Management; need for
principles of management; Taylor’s 5 Meaning, steps and importance;
scientific principles of Management; Fayol’s Relationship between Planning and
14 principles of Management; Relevance of Controlling; Management by Exception.
the principles of Management in today’s
business scenario. Comparison of Taylor's (f) Coordination:
and Fayol’s principles. Meaning of Coordination; Coordination
(v) Functions of Management: Planning; as an essence of Management.
Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling
and Coordinating. 4. Marketing

(a) Planning: (i) Marketing: concept and functions.

Meaning, steps, importance & limitation; Meaning of markets and marketing. Concept
Types of plans; Objectives, policy, of marketing: traditional v/s modern.
procedures, method, role, budget, Comparison between marketing and selling.
program. Objectives of marketing.
(b) Organising: (ii) Marketing Mix.
Meaning, importance, steps; Structure of Product- goods and services, branding,
organization - line, line and staff, labeling and packaging (meaning only).
functional and divisional; Formal and
Price – meaning , factors determining price.
informal organization; Meaning and
importance of delegation of authority; Place – channel of distribution (direct and
Decentralization v/s Centralization. indirect: meaning only) and physical
distribution (meaning only).
(c) Staffing:
Meaning and importance; Recruitment – Promotion – Meaning and elements.
Meaning and sources; Selection – (iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers,
Meaning and procedure; Training and methods of consumer protection.
development - Meaning and difference
only. Need for consumer protection; rights of
consumers; methods of consumer protection –
(d) Directing: self help, legislative measures and consumer
Meaning and importance; Supervision- associations, Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Meaning, functions and span of control;

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 CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject. Preference shares - features, types
Paper I - Theory: 3 hours ……80 marks advantages and disadvantages;
distinction between equity shares and
Paper II- Project Work ……20 marks preference shares.
Bonus and rights issue, ESOP and
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks
Sweat Equity Shares - meaning.
Part 1 (20 marks) will consist of compulsory short Retained earnings – meaning, merits and
answer questions testing knowledge, application and demerits.
skills relating to elementary / fundamental aspects of (b) Loan capital: debentures.
the entire syllabus.
Debentures – meaning; kinds of
Part II (60 marks) will consist of eight questions out debentures; advantages and
of which candidates will be required to answer disadvantages of debentures. Distinction
five questions, each carrying 12 marks. between shares and debentures.
1. Business Environment (c) Loans from commercial banks and
Concept and importance of Business Financial Institutions.
Environment. Loans from commercial banks and
Concept and importance of Business Financial Institutions - meaning,
Environment; advantages and disadvantages.
Dimensions of Business Environment– Micro
(d) Short-term sources of funds.
(Internal and External factors) and Macro
(Economic, social, technological, political and Short-term sources of funds - public
legal). deposits, Commercial Banks, trade credit,
S.W.O.T. Analysis - A basic understanding of customer advances, factoring, Inter
S.W.O.T. Analysis. corporate deposits and installment credit.
Advantages and disadvantages of various
2. Financing sources of funds.
(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader;
partnership; joint stock company; financial (iii) Banking - latest trends.
planning. Online services- transfer of funds through
Importance of finance for business. Sources of Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), National
finance for different types of business firms. Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), issue of
Meaning of financial planning. Factors demand drafts online.
affecting capital structure. Fixed capital - Online payments, E- Booking.
meaning, factors affecting fixed capital.
Working capital – meaning, types; factors Mobile Banking- SMS alerts, transfer of
affecting working capital. funds, making payments.
(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Debit Cards, Credit Cards, ATM.
Company. 3. Management
(a) Different types of shares: equity, (i) Management: Meaning, objectives and
preference. characteristics of management.
Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, Sweat
Equity Shares, Retained earnings. Meaning of Management: as an activity; as a
Long-term sources of funds. group; as a discipline; as a process.
Objectives and characteristics of
Equity shares - features, advantages and
management.
disadvantages.

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9. Contact an insurance agent and collect Prepare a report highlighting:
information about 5 different types of life  Their contribution to the business
insurance policies provided by different community and the nation.
companies. Include information as per details  Their growth over the past 10 years in
given below for every insurance plan and India.
make a comparative analysis. Comment on the social cost of such
organisations.
 Premium of insurance
11. Visit a company that is involved in
 Terms of inclusions and exclusions of e-business (which offers online services) or a
each policy consultancy, which helps in developing
 Term of the policy websites for such companies.
Study different aspects they keep in mind
 Withdrawal of money from the insurance while preparing business plans for
scheme (surrender / foreclosure) e-business. Include information regarding the
 Advantages/disadvantages of the plan payment mechanisms, security and safety of
business transactions. The risks involved in
10. Study the BPO and KPO industry in India.
e-business should also be covered. Also
Collect newspaper/magazine articles on
include the steps they follow while
BPOs and KPOs.
implementing the plan and starting the
business.

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 (iii) Principles of insurance.  Social utility
Fundamental principles to be explained:  Conclusion.
utmost good faith; insurable interest;
4. Identity two Public Private Partnership
indemnity; contribution; doctrine of
subrogation; causa proxima. mitigation projects.
of loss. Find out:
(iv) Types of insurance: life and non life.  The equity participation of both the
partners.
Types of insurance – life, health, fire,  Objectives of the partnership
marine, motor, social and fidelity
insurance (Meaning and importance  Strengths both partners bring into the
only). venture.
5. Select one consumer cooperative and one
PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks housing cooperative.
For each of the cooperatives:
Candidates will be expected to have completed  State the objectives.
two projects from any topic covered in Theory.
 The organizational structure.
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]:  Details of surplus distribution and the
Overall format 1 mark form of government support.
6. Study real time cases in which organizations
Content 4 marks
did not show responsibility towards
Findings 2 marks investors/ consumers/ employees/
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks government/ community. Take at least two
such cases. For each case prepare a report
based on the following:
A list of suggested Projects is given below:
1. Select a daily use consumer product. Trace  A brief about of the case.
its origin right from the primary industry  Different issues involved in the case.
through the secondary and tertiary industries.  Who was at fault and why?
Draw a flow chart to include all the business
activities in its path from the producer to the  What should the company have done to
consumer. stand by the business ethics?
2. Assume you are starting a partnership firm  Do you agree with the company’s
with your friend/friends. Develop a business viewpoint? Give reasons.
plan covering the following aspects:
7. Document and analyze the Corporate Social
 Formation of this partnership firm – rules Responsibility activities of a pharmaceutical
and steps that would be followed company and a five-star hotel.
including the partnership deed
Comment on the changing role assumed by
 Choice of types of partners involved and Corporates towards business ethics and social
your justification for the same.
responsibility in the last two decades.
3. Select two infrastructure projects of public
sector undertakings that have been recently 8. Identify any trade association and chamber
commissioned. of commerce headquartered in your
Analyze each project in terms of: town/city. Study each in terms of:

 Objectives  Its objectives.

 Profitability  Services provided to members.
 Adherence to the time schedule for  Help given to the business community.
project completion.
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5. Stock Exchange 7. Foreign Trade
(i) Meaning and importance. (i) Meaning, difference between internal
trade and external trade.
(ii) Functions and services.
Meaning and characteristics of
(iii) Major Stock Exchanges in India (BSE, international trade; problems of
NSE, DSE, ASE) – types and locations. international trade; advantages and
(iv) Types of operators – Brokers, Jobbers, disadvantages of international trade.
Bulls and Bears. (ii) Export trade – Meaning, objectives and
(v) Terms used in Stock Exchange - procedure of export trade.
ex-dividend, cum dividend, spot delivery, Self-explanatory.
forward delivery.
(iii) Import trade – Meaning objectives
(vi) SEBI – functions and objectives. purpose and procedure.
Self-explanatory Meaning and functions of import trade;
objectives, purpose and procedure.
6. Trade
(iv) Documents involved in international
(i) Wholesalers. trade.
Meaning and services of wholesaler to Documents involved in export trade, such
retailer, customer and producer. as: indent, letter of credit, shipping
(ii) (a) Retail trade – Meaning and order, shipping bill, mate’s receipt, bill
characteristics. of lading, certificate of origin, consular
invoice, documentary bill of exchange
Retail trade - meaning, (DA/DP), all need to be explained.
characteristics of retail trade.
Distinction between wholesale and Documents involved in import trade,
retail trade. such as: import license, indent, letter of
credit, documentary bill of exchange, bill
(b) Types of retail trade - Itinerant and of entry, bill of sight, port trust dues
small scale fixed shops: departmental receipt, application to import, advice
store, chain store, mail order houses, note, bill of lading, all need to be
tele shopping, franchise, consumer explained.
cooperative stores, hypermarkets and (v) World Trade Organisation.
automatic vending machines.
WTO-meaning and objectives.
Meaning, features, merits and
demerits to be covered. 8. Insurance
(c) Documents used in home trade. (i) Insurance – Meaning, objectives and
Documents and procedure used in purpose.
home trade – inquiry; quotation; Meaning, objectives and purpose of
catalogues; order; invoice; debit insurance; Concept of re-insurance and
note; credit note. double insurance.
Price quotations - cash discount and (ii) Risks in business - insurable and
trade discount. non-insurable.
(iii) Role of Chambers of Commerce and Risks in business - insurable and
Industry and Trade Associations. non-insurable - meaning and examples of
Meaning and functions of Chambers of both. Characteristics of insurable risks.
Commerce and trade associations.

75
 (c) Evaluation of partnership; merits and (v) Public Sector Undertakings.
demerits. (a) Meaning; characteristics, objectives, role
Self-explanatory. and forms of Public Sector Undertakings
(Departmental Undertakings, Public
(d) Comparison of sole proprietorship Corporations and Government
and partnership. Companies).
Self-explanatory. Public Sector Undertakings – meaning;
(iv) Corporate Organisations. characteristics, objectives, role
and criticisms. Forms of Public
(a) Joint Stock Company: meaning, Sector Undertakings (Departmental
features, merits, demerits and undertakings; Public Corporations and
objectives. Government companies – definitions,
(b) Stages of Formation of a Company. features, merits and demerits).
(c) Promotion, meaning, role and types (b) Public Private Partnerships.
of promoters. Meaning and features of PPPs.
(d) Incorporation of a company - (vi) Co-operative organisations - meaning;
Meaning and steps of incorporation characteristics and types.
(including filing of documents), Co-operative organizations - meaning;
certificate of incorporation. characteristics, advantages and
(e) Memorandum of Association and disadvantages; Types of cooperative
Articles of Association (excluding organizations, distinction between joint
alterations) and distinction between stock companies and cooperative
the two documents. organizations.

Meaning and contents of MOA and 3. Social Responsibility of Business and

AOA. Distinction between the MOA Business Ethics
and AOA. Concept and need for social responsibility.
(f) Commencement of business. Responsibility towards owners, investors,
Steps, Certificate of Commencement. consumers, employees, government and
community; Responsibility of business
(g) Prospectus and statement in lieu of towards protection of environment; Meaning
prospectus – meaning and contents and importance of Business ethics.
only.
4. Emerging Modes of Business
(h) Types of companies- Classification of
companies on the basis of mode of (i) E-business.
incorporation, liability of members, Scope and benefits, Resources required
public interest, ownership, control for successful e-business implementation,
and nationality. online transactions, payment
Public and private companies and mechanisms, security and safety of
their comparative studies, privileges business transactions.
of private companies. (ii) Outsourcing.
(i) Global enterprises – Meaning, Concept, need and scope of BPO and
characteristics, merits and demerits KPO.
of Global Enterprises. (iii) Smart Cards.
Meaning and utility.

74
 COMMERCE (857)

Aims:
1. To develop an interest in the theory and 3. To provide a study of the more important
practice of business, trade and industry. aspects of the commercial world.
2. To familiarise candidates with theoretical 4. To provide knowledge of the activities of
foundations, organising, managing and commerce in the marketing of goods and
handling operations of a business firm. services.

CLASS XI

There will be two papers in the subject. (b) Commerce: branches of Commerce.
Paper I - Theory: 3 hours ……80 marks Commerce - its nature and functions;
importance of Commerce. Branches
Paper II- Project Work ……20 marks
of Commerce - trade and aids to
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks trade. Relationship between
commerce, trade and industry.
Part 1 (20 marks) will consist of compulsory (iii) Business objectives.
short answer questions testing knowledge,
application and skills relating to elementary/ Business objectives: economic; social;
fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus. human and national. Role of Profit in
business.
Part II (60 marks) will consist of eight questions
out of which candidates will be required to 2. Forms of Business Organisations
answer five questions, each carrying 12 marks. (i) Introduction to business organizations.
1. Nature and Purpose of Business Meaning, characteristics, types (private
sector, public sector, Public Private
(i) Classification of human activities - Partnership (PPPs) /Joint Sector).
economic and non economic. Comparison between different types of
Classification of human activities - organizations.
economic and non-economic. Types of (ii) Sole trader - objectives; formation; merits
economic activities. and demerits.
Distinction between business, profession Meaning and definition of sole trader;
and employment. characteristics and objectives of sole
trader; merits and demerits.
(ii) Definition and concept of business;
classification of business activities. (iii) Partnership
Definition of business. Characteristics of (a) Meaning, features; types of partners
business. Classification of business and partnership firms.
activities: Meaning and definition of
partnership; features of partnership
(a) Industry: types of industries on the
firms; types of partners and
basis of activity (primary and
partnerships.
secondary) and on the basis of size
(micro, small, medium and large). (b) Registration of Partnership firms.
Role of small businesses in India. Formation, meaning and contents of
partnership deed; registration and
consequences of non registration.

73