COMMERCE (857)

CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject: Preference shares - features, types
advantages and disadvantages;
Paper I - Theory: 3 hours ……80 marks
distinction between equity shares and
Paper II- Project Work ……20 marks preference shares.
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks Bonus and rights issue, ESOP and
Sweat Equity Shares - meaning.
1. Business Environment
Distinction between bonus shares and
Concept, and importance of Business right shares.
Environment.
Retained earnings – meaning, merits
Meaning, features and importance of Business and demerits.
Environment;
(b) Loan capital: debentures.
Dimensions of Business Environment – Micro
(Internal and External factors) and Macro Debentures – meaning; kinds of
(Economic, social, technological, political and debentures; advantages and
legal) – meaning and components. disadvantages of debentures.
Distinction between shares and
S.W.O.T. Analysis - A basic understanding of debentures.
S.W.O.T. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and
Threat) Analysis. (c) Loans from commercial banks and
Financial Institutions.
2. Financing Loans from commercial banks and
(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader; Financial Institutions - meaning,
partnership; Joint Stock Company; financial advantages and disadvantages.
planning. (d) Short-term sources of funds.
Importance of finance for business. Sources Short-term sources of funds – different
of finance for different types of business types of short-term financial assistance
firms. Meaning, features and importance of by Commercial Banks; public deposits,
financial planning. Factors affecting trade credit, customer advances,
capital structure. Fixed capital - meaning, factoring, Inter corporate deposits and
factors affecting fixed capital. Working installment credit. Meaning,
capital – meaning, types; factors affecting advantages and disadvantages of
working capital. Comparison between fixed various sources of funds.
and working capital.
(iii) Banking - latest trends.
(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock
Online services- transfer of funds through
Company.
Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS),
(a) Different types of shares: equity, National Electronic Funds Transfer
preference. (NEFT), Immediate Payment Service
Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, (IMPS), issue of demand drafts online
Sweat Equity Shares, Retained meaning and features.
earnings. Online payments, e-Banking – meaning and
Long-term sources of funds. features, advantages and disadvantages.

Equity shares - features, advantages Mobile Banking - SMS alerts, transfer of

and disadvantages. funds, making payments - advantages and
disadvantages.
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 Debit Cards vs Credit Cards, ATM comparison between delegation and
(Automated Teller Machine) – Meaning; decentralization, merits and demerits.
Debit card and credit card: features and (c) Staffing:
differences.
Meaning, steps and importance;
3. Management Recruitment – Meaning and sources;
(i) Management: Meaning, objectives and Selection –Meaning and procedure;
characteristics of management. Training and development – Meaning,
types of training, difference between
Meaning of Management: as an activity; as selection and recruitment, Training and
a group; as a discipline; as a process. Development.
Objectives and characteristics of
(d) Directing:
management.
Meaning and importance; Supervision-
(ii) Nature of Management – Science, Art and Meaning, functions and span of
Profession. control;
Self explanatory. Motivation - Meaning and Maslow’s
(iii) Importance of Management. theory; Leadership- Meaning and
qualities of a good leader;
Self explanatory.
Communication - Meaning, objectives
(iv) Principles of Management: nature of and process. Barriers to
principles; need for principles. communication and overcoming
Nature of principles of Management; need barriers to communication.
for principles of management; Taylor’s 5 (e) Controlling:
scientific principles of Management; Meaning, steps and importance;
Fayol’s 14 principles of Management; Relationship between Planning and
Relevance of the principles of Management Controlling; Management by
in today’s business scenario. Comparison Exception.
of Taylor's and Fayol’s principles.
(f) Coordination:
(v) Functions of Management: Planning; Meaning of Coordination;
Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling Coordination as an essence of
and Coordinating. Management.
(a) Planning: 4. Marketing
Meaning, steps, importance & (i) Marketing: concept and functions.
limitation; Types of plans; Objectives,
policy, procedures, method, role, Meaning and types of markets; meaning
budget, program – meaning, features and features of marketing. Marketing
and differences. concepts: traditional v/s modern - meaning
and features of traditional and modern
(b) Organising: concepts of marketing. Comparison
Meaning, importance, steps; Structure between marketing and selling. Objectives
of organization (line, line and staff, and importance of marketing; functions of
functional and divisional; Formal and marketing – meaning, features of each
informal organization) – Meaning, function of marketing.
features, merits, demerits and (ii) Marketing Mix - Meaning and Elements.
differences between line and line &
staff, functional and divisional, formal Product Mix - goods and services -
and informal; Meaning and importance meaning, features and types of goods;
of delegation of authority; meaning, features of services; difference
Decentralization v/s Centralization, between product and services. Branding:
(ISC Revised Syllabus 2025) 2
 meaning and merits. Labeling: meaning A list of suggested Projects is given below:
and merits. Packaging: meaning and
1. Compare marketing strategies adopted by two
features of good packaging.
different companies of the same industry
Price Mix – meaning, factors determining (FMCG / Telecommunication / media /
price. education industry etc.) keeping in mind
the following:
Place Mix – meaning, channel of
distribution choice of channels of − Product mix
distribution and physical distribution.
− Price Mix
Promotion Mix – Meaning and elements. − Place Mix
Elements – Advertising, sales promotion, − Promotion Mix
personal selling and publicity – meaning,
features, objectives and differences. 2. Collect newspaper/magazine clippings of five
cases filed by consumers in the Consumer
(iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers, Court.
methods of consumer protection.
Find out the rights violated, and the redressal
Need for consumer protection; methods of mechanism used.
consumer protection - self-help, legislative
measures and consumer What was the outcome of each case?
associations/NGOs, Consumer Protection 3. Visit a commercial Bank. Find out the
Act, 2019 - Rights of consumers. procedure to open a savings account.
The revised pecuniary jurisdiction Find out the details of various Agency &
according to Consumer Protection General utility services provided by the bank.
Amendment Act 2021 to be taken with
reference to the Consumer Disputes 4. Compare the interest rates offered by five
Redressal Commissions (National, State different commercial banks on fixed deposits
and District). under various categories (general and senior
citizens) and various time durations.
Difference between Consumer Protection
Act, 1986 and Consumer Protection Act, Find out the procedure and formalities for
2019. opening a fixed deposit account.
What is the procedure for closing the account
PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks on maturity and before maturity period?
Candidates will be expected to have completed two 5. Select five different companies across varying
projects from any topic covered in Theory. industries such as I.T., textiles, FMCG, Health
The project work will be assessed by the teacher Care, etc., included in the SENSEX. Keeping a
and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and hypothetical base money of Rupees One Lakh,
approved by CISCE. invest in the shares of the selected companies.
The movement of share prices selected by you
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]: should be monitored over a period of one
Overall format 1 mark month on a daily basis. A uniform / standard
practice of either using the opening price or the
Content 4 marks closing price on a particular day of the week
Findings 2 marks should be used by all students in the class.
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks At the end of the month, analyse your
investment in a spread sheet and give reasons
for your choice of scripts.

(ISC Revised Syllabus 2025) 3

6. Find out the names of companies under various 9. Choose two companies of the same industry.
sectors (FMCG, Pharma, automobile, etc) Study their organizational structure. Also give
included in the NIFTY and the SENSEX. information with regard to:
Make a chart of the same and track its (i) Hierarchy
movements over a period of one week.
(ii) Centralization and delegation of authority
7. (a) Study the sources of recruitment and steps
(iii) Flow of information (scalar chain)
involved in the selection procedure adopted
by two companies of the same industry. (iv) Span of control
(b) Compare and evaluate the sources of (v) Channel of communication.
recruitment and the selection process 10. Select any business undertaking. Study the
adopted by the selected companies. selected business in terms of ownership, capital
8. Formulate a capital plan for a hypothetical and profitability.
business organization. Make a S.W.O.T. analysis and present it in a
Justify your formulated plan. tabular form.

NOTE: No question paper for Project Work will be

set by CISCE.

(ISC Revised Syllabus 2025) 4

 SAMPLE TABLE FOR PROJECT WORK
S. Unique PROJECT 1 PROJECT 2 TOTAL
No. Identification MARKS
Number A B C D E F G H I J
(Unique ID) Teacher Visiting Average Viva-Voce Total Teacher Visiting Average Viva- Total (E + J)
of the Examiner Marks by Visiting Marks Examiner Marks Voce by Marks
candidate (A + B ÷ 2) Examiner (C + D) (F + G ÷ Visiting (H + I)
2) Examiner
7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 20 Marks

10

*Breakup of 7 Marks to be awarded separately by

Name of Teacher:
the Teacher and the Visiting Examiner is as
follows:
Signature: Date
Overall Format 1 Mark
Content 4 Marks Name of Visiting Examiner
Findings 2 Marks
Signature: Date
NOTE: VIVA-VOCE (3 Marks) for each Project is to be conducted only by the Visiting Examiner, and should be based on the Project only.

(ISC Revised Syllabus 2025) 5