Mensuration

10.1 I NTRODUCTION

In classes VIII and IX, we have learnt about area, surface area and volume of solid shapes.
We did many exercises to understand what they mean. We used them in real life situations and
identified what we needed and what was to be measured or estimated. For example, to find the
quantity of paint required to white wash a room, we need the surface area and not the volume. To
find the number of boxes that would contains a quantity of grain, we need the volume and not the
area.

T RY T HIS

1. Consider the following situations. In each find out whether you need volume or area and
why?
i. Quantitiy of water inside a bottle. ii. Canvas needed for making a tent.
iii. Number of bags inside the lorry. iv. Gas filled in a cylinder.
v. Number of match sticks that can be put in the match box.
2. Compute 5 more such examples and ask your friends to choose what they need?

We see so many things of different shapes (combination of two or more) around us. Houses
stand on pillars, storage water tanks are cylindrical and are placed on cuboidal foundations, a
cricket bat has a cylindrical handle and a flat main body, etc. Think of different things around you.
Some of these are shown below:
 246 Class-X Mathematics

Of these objects like football have shapes where we know that the surface area and volume.
We can however see that other objects can be seen as combinations of the solid shapes. So,
their surface area and volume we now have to find. The table of the solid shapes, their areas and
volumes are given later.

T RY T HIS

1. Break the pictures in the previous figure into solids of known shapes.
2. Think of 5 more things around you that can be seen as a combination of shapes. Name
the shapes that combine to make them.

Let us recall the surface areas and volumes of different solid shapes.

S. Name of Figure Lateral / Curved Total surface Volume Nomen-

No. the solid surface area area clature
1. Cuboid h 2h(l+b) 2(lb+bh+hl) lbh l:length
l b b:breadth
h:height

2. Cube a 4a2 6a2 a3 a:side of

a a the cube
3. Right Perimeter of base Lateral surface area of base -
prism × height area+2(area of × height
the end surface)
4. Regular 2πrh 2πr(r+h) πr2h r:radius of
circular the base
Cylinder h:height
1 1
5. Right 2 (perimeter of Lateral surfaces 3 area of -
pyramid base) × slant area+area of the base
height the base × height
1
6. Right πrl πr(l+r) 3 πr2h r:radius of
circular the base
cone h:height
l:slant height

4
7. Sphere 4πr2 4πr2 3 πr3 r:radius

2
8. Hemisphere 2πr2 3πr2 3 πr3 r:radius

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 247

Now, let us see some examples to illustrate the shapes in the table.

Example-1. The radius of a conical tent is 7 meters and its height is 10 meters. Calculate the
 22 
length of canvas used in making the tent if width of canvas is 2m.  Use π = 
 7

Solution : If the radius of conical tent is given (r) = 7 metres

Height(h) = 10 m.

∴ So, the slant height of the cone l2 = r2 + h2 ⇒ l = r 2 + h2

= 49 + 100

= 149 = 12.2 m.

Now, Surface area of the tent = πrl

22
= × 7 × 12.2 m 2
7
= 268.4 m2.
Area of canvas used = 268.4m2
It is given the width of the canvas = 2m

Area 268.4
Length of canvas used = = = 134.2m
width 2

Example-2. An oil drum is in the shape of a cylinder having the following dimensions: diameter
is 2 m. and height is 7 meters. The painter charges ,3 per m2 to paint the drum. Find the
total charges to be paid to the painter for 10 drums ?
Solution : It is given that diameter of the (oil drum) cylinder = 2 m.

d 2
Radius of cylinder = = =1 m
2 2
Total surface area of a cylinderical drum = 2 × πr(r + h)
22
= 2× × 1(1 + 7 )
7
22
=2 × ×8
7

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 248 Class-X Mathematics

352 2
= m . = 50.28 m2
7
So, the total surface area of a drum = 50.28 m2
Painting change per 1m2 = ,3.
Cost of painting of 10 drums = 50.28 × 3 × 10
= ,1508.40

Example-3. A sphere, a cylinder and a cone are of the same radius and same height. Find the
ratio of their curved surface areas?
Solution : Let r be the common radius of a sphere, a cone and cylinder.
Height of sphere = its diameter = 2r.
Then, the height of the cone = height of cylinder = height of sphere.
= 2r.

Let l be the slant height of cone = r 2 + h2

= r 2 + (2r )2 = 5r
2
∵ S1 = Curved surface area of sphere = 4πr
S2 = Curved surface area of cylinder, 2πrh = 2πr × 2r = 4πr2
2
S3 = Curved surface area of cone = πrl = πr × 5r= 5 πr
Ratio of curved surface area as

∴ S1 : S2 : S3 = 4πr2 : 4πr2 : 5 πr2

=4:4: 5

Example-4. A company wanted to manufacture 1000 hemispherical basins from a thin steel
sheet. If the radius of hemisperical basin is 21 cm., find the required area of steel sheet to
manufacture the above hemispherical basins?
Solution : Radius of the hemisphesical basin (r) = 21 cm
Surface area of a hemispherical basin
= 2πr2
22
= 2× × 21 × 21
7
= 2772 cm2.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 249

So, surface area of a hemispherical basin

= 2772 cm2.
Hence, the steel sheet required for one basin = 2772 cm2
Total area of steel sheet required for 1000 basins = 2772 × 1000
= 2772000 cm2
= 277.2 m2

Example-5. A right circular cylinder has base radius 14cm and height 21cm.
Find: (i) Area of base or area of each end (ii) Curved surface area
(iii) Total surface area and (iv) Volume of the right circular cylinder.
Solution : Radius of the cylinder (r) = 14cm
Height of the cylinder (h) = 21cm

22
Now (i) Area of base(area of each end) πr2 = (14)2 = 616 cm2
7

22 2
(ii) Curved surface area = 2πrh = 2 × × 14 × 21 = 1848cm .
7
(iii) Total surface area = 2 × area of the base + curved surface area
= 2 × 616 + 1848 = 3080 cm2.
(iv) Volume of cylinder = πr2h = area of the base × height
= 616 × 21 = 12936 cm3.

22
Example-6. Find the volume and surface area of a sphere of radius 2.1cm (π = )
7
Solution : Radius of sphere(r) = 2.1 cm
Surface area of sphere = 4πr2

22 22 21 21
= 4× × (2.1) 2 = 4 × × ×
7 7 10 10

1386
= = 55.44 cm 2
25

4 3 4 22
Volume of sphere = πr = × × (2.1)3
3 3 7

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 250 Class-X Mathematics

4 22
= × × 2.1× 2.1× 2.1 = 38.808 cm3.
3 7

Example-7. Find the volume and the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 3.5 cm.
 22 
 π= 
 7 

7
Solution : Radius of sphere (r) is 3.5 cm = cm
2

2 3
Volume of hemisphere = πr
3

2 22 7 7 7 539
= × × × × = = 89.83 cm3
3 7 2 2 2 6
Total surface area = 3πr2

22 7 7 231
= 3× × × = = 115.5 cm2
7 2 2 2

EXERCISE - 10.1

1. A joker’s cap is in the form of right circular cone whose base radius is 7cm and height is 24
cm. Find the area of the sheet required to make 10 such caps.
2. A sports company was ordered to prepare 100 paper cylinders for shuttle cocks. The
required dimensions of the cylinder are 35 cm length /height and its radius is 7 cm. Find the
required area of thin paper sheet needed to make 100 cylinders?
3. Find the volume of right circular cone with radius 6 cm. and height 7cm.
4. The lateral surface area of a cylinder is equal to the curved surface area of a cone. If the
radius be the same, find the ratio of the height of the cylinder and slant height of the cone.
5. Aself help group wants to manufacture joker’s caps (conical caps) of 3cm. radius and
4 cm. height. If the available colour paper sheet is 1000 cm2, than how many caps can be
manufactured from that paper sheet?
6. A cylinder and cone have bases of equal radii and are of equal heights. Show that their
volumes are in the ratio of 3:1.
7. A solid iron rod has a cylinderical shape. Its height is 11 cm. and base diameter is 7cm.
Then find the total volume of 50 rods?

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 251

8. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of diameter 12 m. and height 8 m. Find its volume?
How much canvas cloth is required to cover the heap ? (Use π = 3.14)
9. The curved surface area of a cone is 4070 cm2 and its diameter is 70 cm. What is its slant
height?

10.2 S URFACE A REA OF THE C OMBINATION OF S OLIDS

We have seen solids which are made up of combination of solids known like
sphere cylinder and cone. We can observe in our real life also like wooden things,
house items, medicine capsules, bottles, oil-tankers etc., We eat ice-cream in our
daily life. Can you tell how many solid figures are there in it? It is usually made up of
cone and hemisphere.
Lets take another example of an oil-tanker/
water-tanker. Is it a single shaped object? You
may guess that it is made up of a cylinder with
two hemisphere at it ends.
If, for some reason you wanted to find the
surface areas or volumes or capacities of such
objects, how would you do it? We cannot classify
these shapes under any of the solids you have already studied.
As we have seen, the oil-tanker was made up of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck at
either end. It will look like the following figure:

If we consider the surface of the newly formed

object, we would be able to see only the curved
surfaces of the two hemisphere and the curved surface
of the cylinder.
TSA of new solid = CSA of one hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + CSA of other hemisphere
here TSA and CSA stand for ‘total surface area’ and ‘curved surface area’ respectively.
Now look at another example.
Devarsha wants to make a toy by putting together a hemisphere and a cone. Let us see the
steps that he should be going through.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 252 Class-X Mathematics

First, he should take a cone and hemisphere and bring their flat faces together. Here, of
course, he should take the base radius of the cone equal to the radius of the hemisphere, for the
toy is to have a smooth surface. So, the steps would be as shown below:

Step-1 Step-2 Step-3

At the end, he got a nice round-bottomed toy. Now, if he wants to find how much paint he
should be required to colour the surface of the toy, what should he know? He needs to know the
surface area of the toy, which consists of the CSA of the hemisphere and the CSA of the cone.
So, we can say that
TSA of the toy = CSA of Hemisphere + CSA of cone

T RY T HIS
- Use known solid shapes and make as many objects (by combining more than two) as
possible that you come across in your daily life.
[Hint : Use clay, or balls, pipes, paper cones, boxes like cube, cuboid etc]

T HINK - D ISCUSS
A sphere is inscribed in a cylinder. Is the surface of the sphere equal to
the curved surface of the cylinder? If yes, explain how?

Example-8. A right triangle, whose base and height are 15 cm. and 20 cm. respectively is
made to revolve about its hypotenuse. Find the volume and surface area of the double cone so
formed (Use π=3.14).
Solution : Let ABC be the right angled triangle such that
AB = 15cm and AC = 20 cm
Using Pythagoras theorem in ∆ABC we have
BC2 = AB2 + AC2

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 253

BC2 = 152 + 202

BC2 = 225 + 400 = 625

BC = 625 = 25 cm.
Let OA = x and OB = y.
In triangles ABO and ABC, we have ∠ BOA = ∠ BAC and ∠ ABO = ∠ ABC
So , by angle - angle - criterion of similarity, we have ∆BOA ~ ∆BAC

BO OA BA
Therefore, = = A
BA AC BC
20
c m. cm
y x 15 15 x .
⇒ = =
15 20 25 y
B O 25 c m . C
y x 3
⇒ = = .
15 20 5 m c .
15 cm
20
y 3 x 3
⇒ = and =
15 5 20 5 A’

3 3
⇒ y= × 15 and x = × 20
5 5
⇒ y = 9 and x = 12.
Thus, we have
OA = 12 cm and OB = 9cm
When the ABC is revolved about the hypotenuse. we get a double cone as shown in
figure.
Volume of the double cone = volume of the cone CAA’ + volume of the cone BAA’

1 1
= π(OA) 2 × OC+ π(OA) 2 × OB
3 3

1 1
= π× 122 × 16 + π× 122 × 9
3 3

1
= π× 144(16 + 9)
3

1 3
= × 3.14 × 144 × 25 cm
3
= 3768 cm3.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 254 Class-X Mathematics

Surface area of the doubled cone = (Curved surface area of cone CAA’)
+ (Curved surface area of cone BAA’)
= (π × OA × AC) + (π × OA × AB)
= (π × 12 × 20) + (π × 12 × 15) cm2
= 420 π cm2
= 420 × 3.14 cm2
= 1318.8 cm2.

Example-9. A wooden toy rocket is in the shape of a cone mounted on a cylinder as shown in
the adjacent figure. The height of the entire rocked is 26 cm, while the height of the conical part
is 6cm. The base of the conical position has a diameter of 5cm, while the base diameter of the
cylindrical portion is 3cm. If the conical portion is to be painted orange and the cylindrical
portion is to be painted yellow, find the area of the rocket painted with each of these color (Take
π = 3.14)
Solution : Let ‘r’ be the radius of the base of the cone and its slant height be ‘l’. Further, let r1
be the radius of cylinder and h1 be its height
We have,
r = 2.5 cm., h = 6 cm.
r1 = 1.5 cm. h1 = 20 cm.
2.5 c m .
Now, l = r +h
2 2

⇒ l = (2.5)2 + 62
1.5 c m .
l= 6.25 + 36 = 42.25 = 6.5
Now, area to be painted orange
= Curved surface area of the cone
= πrl
= 3.14 {2.5 × 6.5}
= 51.025 cm2
Area to be painted yellow
= Curved surface area of the cylinder + Area of the base of the cylinder

= 2πr1h1 + πr12

= πr1 (2h1 + r1)

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 255

= 3.14 × 1.5 (2×20+1.5) cm2

= 3.14 × 1.5 × 41.5 cm2
= 4.71 × 41.5 cm2
= 195.465 cm2.
Therefore, area to be painted yellow = 195.465 cm2

E XERCISE - 10.2

1. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere. The diameter of the base and the
height of the cone are 6 cm and 4 cm respectively. Determine the surface area of the toy.
[use π = 3.14]
2. A solid is in the form of a right circular cylinder with a hemisphere at one end and a cone at
the other end. The radius of the common base is 8 cm. and the heights of the cylindrical
and conical portions are 10 cm and 6 cm respectivly. Find the total surface area of the
solid. [use π = 3.14]
3. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two
hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The length of the
capsule is 14 mm. and the width is 5 mm. Find its surface
area.
4. Two cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined end to end together. Find the surface area
of the resulting cuboid.
5. A storage tank consists of a circular cylinder with a hemisphere stuck on either end. If the
external diameter of the cylinder be 1.4 m. and its length be 8 m. find the cost of painting
it on the outside at rate of ,20 per m2.
6. A sphere, a cylinder and a cone have the same radius. Find the ratio of their curved surface
areas.
7. A hemisphere is cut out from one face of a cubical wooden block such that the diameter of
the hemisphere is equal to the length of the cube. Determine the surface area of the remaining
solid.
8. A wooden article was made by scooping out a hemiphere from each end of
a solid cylinder, as shown in the figure. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm.
and its base is of 3.5 cm, find the total surface area of the article.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 256 Class-X Mathematics

10.3 V OLUME OF C OMBINATION OF S OLIDS

Let us understand volume through an example.

Suresh runs an industry in a shed which is in the
shape of a cuboid surmounted by a half cylinder. The base
of the shed is of dimensions 7 m. × 15 m. and the height of
the cuboidal portion is 8 m. Find the volume of air that the
shed can hold? Further suppose the machinery in the shed
occupies a total space of 300 m3 and there are 20 workers,
each of whom occupies about 0.08 m3 space on an
average. Then how much air is in the shed ?
The volume of air inside the shed (when there are
no people or machinery) is given by the volume of air inside
the cuboid and inside the half cylinder taken together. The
length, breadth and height of the cuboid are 15 m., 7 m.
and 8 m. respectively. Also the diameter of the half cylinder
is 7 m. and its height is 15 m.
1
So the required volume = volume of the cuboid + volume of the cylinder.
2
 1 22 7 7 
= 15 × 7 × 8 + × × × × 15 m3
 2 7 2 2 
= 1128.75m3.
Next, the toal space occupied by the machinery
= 300 m3.
And the total space occupied by the workers
= 20 × 0.08 m3
= 1.6m3
Therefore, the volume of the air, when there are machinery and workers
= 1128.75 − (300.00 + 1.60)
= 1128.75 - 301.60 = 827.15 m3
Note : In calculating the surface area of combination of solids, we can not add the surface areas
of the two solids because some part of the surface areas disappears in the process of joining
them. However, this will not be the case when we calculate the volume. The volume of the solid
formed by joining two basic solids will acutally be the sum of the volumes of the constituents as
we seen in the example above.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 257

T RY T HIS

1. If the diameter of the cross - section of a wire is decreased by 5%, by what percentage
should the length be increased so that the volume remains the same ?
2. Surface area of a sphere and cube are equal. Then find the ratio of their volumes.

Let us see some more examples.

Example-10. A solid toy is in the form of a right circular cylinder with hemispherical shape at
one end and a cone at the other end. Their common diameter is 4.2 cm and the height of the
cylindrical and conical portions are 12cm and 7cm respectively. Find the volume of the solid toy.
 22 
 Use π = .
 7 
Solution : Let height of the conical portion h1 = 7cm
The height of cylindrical portion h2 = 12 cm

4.2 21
Radius (r) = = 2.1 = cm
2 10
Volume of the solid toy
= Volume of the Cone + Volume of the Cylinder + Volume of the Hemisphere.

1 2 2
= πr h1 + πr 2 h2 + πr 3
3 3

2 1 2 
= πr  h1 + h2 + r 
3 3 
2 h1
22  21   1 2 21 
= ×   ×  × 7 + 12 + × 
7  10   3 3 10  r

22 441  7 12 7 
= × × + +
7 100  3 1 5 
h2

22 441  35 + 180 + 21 
= × ×
7 100  15 

22 441 236 27258

= × × = = 218.064 cm3 .
7 100 15 125

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 258 Class-X Mathematics

Example-11. A cylindrical container is filled with ice-cream whose diameter is 12 cm. and
height is 15 cm. The whole ice-cream is distributed to 10 children in equal cones having
hemispherical tops. If the height of the conical portion is twice the diameter of its base, find
the diameter of the ice-cream cone.
Solution : Let the radius of the base of conical ice cream = x cm
∴ diameter = 2x cm
Then, the height of the conical ice-cream
= 2 (diameter) = 2(2x) = 4x cm
Volume of ice - cream cone
= Volume of conical porton + Volume of hemispherical portion
x cm .
1 2 3
= πr2h + πr
3 3 x cm .

1 2 2
= πx (4 x) + πx 3
3 3

4πx3 + 2πx3 6πx3

= =
3 3
= 2πx3 cm3
Diameter of cylindrical container = 12 cm
Its height (h) = 15 cm
∴ Volume of cylindrical container = πr2h
= π(6)2 15
= 540π cm3
Number of children to whom ice-cream is given = 10

Volume of cylindrical container

= 10
Volume of one ice − cream cone
540π
⇒ = 10
2πx3
2πx3 × 10 = 540π
540
⇒ x3 = = 27
2 × 10
⇒ x3 = 27

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 259

⇒ x3 = 33
⇒ x=3
∴ Diameter of ice-cream cone 2x = 2(3) = 6cm

Example-12. A solid consisting of a right circular cone standing on a hemisphere, is placed

upright in a right circular cylinder full of water and touches the bottom. Find the volume of
water left in the cylinder, given that the radius of the cylinder is 3 cm. and its height is 6cm.
The radius of the hemisphere is 2 cm. and the height of the cone is 4 cm.

 22 
 Take π =  .
 7 

Solution : In the figure drawn here,

ABCD is a cylinder and LMN is a Hemisphere
OLM is a cone. We know that where a solid consisting of a cone and hemisphere is
immersed in the cylinder full of water, then some water equal to the volume of the solid, is
displaced.
O
Volume of Cylinder = πr2h = π × 32 × 6 = 54 π cm3 D C

2 3 2 16
Volume of Hemisphere = πr = × π× 23 = π cm3
3 3 3

1 2 1 16
Volume of Cone = πr h = × π× 22 × 4 = π cm3
3 3 3 4

16 16 L M
Volume of cone and hemisphere = ð+ ð 2 2
3 3 2
A 3 3 B
N
32
= ð
3
Volume of water left in cylinder
= Volume of Cylinder - Volume of Cone and Hemisphere

32π
= Volume of cylinder −
3
32π
= 54π −
3
162π − 32π 130π
= =
3 3

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 260 Class-X Mathematics

130 22 2860
= × = = 136.19 cm3
3 7 21

Example-13. A cylindrical pencil is sharpened to produce a perfect cone at one end with no
over all loss of its length. The diameter of the pencil is 1cm and the length of the conical
portion is 2cm. Calculate the volume of the shavings. Give your answer correct to two
 355 
places if it is in decimal  use π =
113 
.


.
2 cm
Solution : Diameter of the pencil = 1cm
So, radius of the pencil (r) = 0.5 cm
Length of the conical portion = h = 2cm
Volume of showings = Volume of cylinder of length 2 cm and base radius 0.5 cm.
− volume of the cone formed by this cylinder

1 2 2 2
= πr h − πr h = πr h
2
3 3
1 cm .
2 355
= × × (0.5) 2 × 2 cm3 = 1.05 cm3
3 113

E XERCISE -10.3

1. An iron pillar consists of a cylindrical portion of 2.8 m. height and 20 cm. in diameter and
a cone of 42 cm. height surmounting it. Find the weight of the pillar if 1 cm3 of iron weighs
7.5 g.
2. A toy is made in the form of hemisphere surmounted by a right cone whose circular base is
joined with the plane surface of the hemisphere. The radius of the base of the cone is
3
7 cm. and its volume is of the hemisphere. Calculate the height of the cone and the
2
 1
surface area of the toy correct to 2 places of decimal  Take π = 3  .
 7

3. Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be cut out of a cube whose edge
is 7 cm.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 261

4. A cylinderical tub of radius 5cm and length 9.8 cm is 3 cm .

full of water. A solid in the form of right circular cone
mounted on a hemisphere is immersed into the tub. 4 cm .

The radius of the hemisphere is 3.5 cm and height of

cone outside the hemisphere is 5cm. Find the volume
 22 
of water left in the tub  Take π =  .
 7 
5. In the adjacent figure, the height of a solid cylinder is 4 cm .
10 cm and diameter is 7cm. Two equal conical holes
of radius 3cm and height 4 cm are cut off as shown 3 cm .
the figure. Find the volume of the remaining solid.
6. Spherical Marbles of diameter 1.4 cm. are dropped into a cylindrical beaker of diameter
7 cm., which contains some water. Find the number of marbles that should be dropped in
to the beaker, so that water level rises by 5.6 cm.
7. A pen stand is made of wood in the shape of cuboid with three conical depressions to hold
the pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm. The radius of each
of the depression is 0.5 cm and the depth is 1.4cm. Find the volume of wood in the entire
stand.

10.4 C ONVERSION OF S OLID FROM O NE S HAPE TO A NOTHER

A women self help group (DWACRA) prepares candles by melting
down cuboid shape wax. In gun factories spherical bullets are made
by melting solid cube of lead, goldsmith prepares various ornaments
by melting cubiod gold biscuts. In all these cases, the shapes of
solids are converted into another shape. In this process, the volume
always remains the same.
How does this happen? If you want a candle of any special shape,
you have to give heat to the wax in metal container till it is completely
melted into liquid. Then you pour it into another container which has the special shape that you
want.
For example, lets us take a candle in the shape of solid cylinder, melt it and pour whole of

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 262 Class-X Mathematics

the molton wax into another container shaped like a sphere. On cooling, you will obtain a candle
in the shape of sphere. The volume of the new candle will be the same as the volume of the
earlier candle. This is what we have to remember when we come across objects which are
converted from one shape to another, or when a liquid which originally filled a container of a
particular shape is poured into another container of a different shape or size as you observe in the
following figures.

T HINK - D ISCUSS

Which barrel shown n the adjacent figure

4
can hold more water? Discuss with your friends.
1
To understand what has been discussed, let us
consider some examples. 1 4

Example-14. A cone of height 24cm and radius of base 6cm is made up of modelling clay. A
child reshapes it in the form of a sphere. Find the radius of the sphere.

1
Solution : Volume of cone = × π× 6 × 6 × 24 cm 3
3

4 3
If r is the radius of the sphere, then its volume is πr
3
Since the volume of clay in the form of the cone and the sphere remains the same, we have

4 3 1
πr = ð × 6 × 6 × 24
3 3
r3 = 3 × 3 × 24 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 8
r3 = 33 × 23
r=3 × 2=6
Therefore the radius of the sphere is 6cm.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 263

D O T HIS
1. A copper rod of diameter 1 cm. and length 8 cm. is drawn into a wire of length 18m of
uniform thickness. Find the thickness of the wire.
2. Pravali house has a water tank in the shape of a cylinder on the roof. This is filled by
pumping water from a sump (an under ground tank) which is in the shape of a cuboid.
The sump has dimensions 1.57 m. × 1.44 m. × 9.5 cm. The water tank has radius 60
cm. and height 95 cm. Find the height of the water left in the sump after the water tank
has been completely filled with water from the sump which had been full of water.
Compare the capacity of the tank with that of the sump. (π = 3.14)

Example-15. The diameter of the internal and external surfaces of a hollow hemispherical shell
are 6 cm. and 10 cm. respectively. It is melted and recast into a solid cylinder of diameter 14 cm.
Find the height of the cylinder.
10
Solution : Radius of Hollow hemispherical shell = = 5 cm. = R
2

6 10 cm . 6 cm .
Internal radius of hollow hemispherical shell = = 3 cm. = r
2
Volume of hollow hemispherical shell
= External volume - Internal volume

2 2
= π R3 − π r3
3 3

2
= π (R 3 − r 3 ) r
3

2
= π (53 − 33 )
3

2 r
= π (125 − 27)
3

2 196π 3
= π× 98cm3 = cm ...(1)
3 3
Since, this hollow hemispherical shell is melted and recast into a solid cylinder. So their
volumes must be equal
Diameter of cylinder = 14 cm. (Given)
So, radius of cylinder = 7 cm.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 264 Class-X Mathematics

Let the height of cylinder = h

∴ volume of cylinder = πr2h
= π × 7 × 7 × h cm3 = 49πh cm3 ...(2)
According to given condition
volume of Hollow hemispherical shell = volume of solid cylinder

196
π = 49 πh [From equatiion (1) and (2)]
3

196 4
⇒ h= = cm.
3 × 49 3
Hence, height of the cylinder = 1.33 cm.

Example-16. A hemispherical bowl of internal radius 15 cm. contains a liquid. The liquid is to
be filled into cylindrical bottles of diameter 5 cm. and height 6 cm. How many bottles are
necessary to empty the bowl ?

2 3
Solution : Volume of hemisphere = πr
3
Internal radius of hemisphere r = 15 cm.
∴ volume of liquid contained in hemispherical bowl

2
= π(15)3 cm3
3
= 2250 π cm3.
This liquid is to be filled in cylindrical bottles and the height of each bottle (h) = 6 cm.

5
Radius of cylindrical bottle (R) = cm.
2
∴ Volume of 1 cylindrical bottle = πR2h
2
5
= π×   × 6
2

25 75
= p´ ´ 6cm3 = p cm3
4 2

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 265

Volume of hemispherical bowl

Number of cylindrical bottles required = Volume of 1 cylindrical bottle

2250π 2 × 2250
= = = 60 .
75 75
π
2

Example-17. The diameter of a metallic sphere is 6cm. It is melted and drawn into a wire
having diameter of the cross section as 0.2 cm. Find the length of the wire.
Solution : We have, diameter of metallic sphere = 6cm
∴ Radius of metallic shpere = 3cm
Also, we have,

0 .2 cm .
6 cm .

Diameter of cross - section of cylindrical wire = 0.2 cm.

Radius of cross section of cylinder wire = 0.1 cm.
Let the length of wire be l cm.
Since the metallic sphere is converted into a cylidrical shaped wire of length h cm.
∴ Volume of the metal used in wire = Volume of the sphere
4
π× (0.1) 2 × h = × π× 33
3
2
 1 4
π×   × h = × π× 27
 10  3

1
p´ ´ h = 36 p
100

36π× 100
h= cm
π
= 3600 cm. = 36 m.
Therefore, the length of the wire is 36 m.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 266 Class-X Mathematics

Example-18. How many spherical balls can be made out of a solid cube of lead whose edge
measures 44 cm and each ball being 4 cm. in diameter.
Solution : Side of lead cube = 44 cm.

4
Radius of spherical ball = cm. = 2 cm.
2

4 3
Now volume of a spherical bullet = πr
3

4 22 3
= × × 2 cm3
3 7

4 22
= × × 8 cm3
3 7

4 22
Volume of x sperical bullet = × × 8 × x cm3
3 7
It is clear that volume of x sperical bullets = Volume of lead cube

4 22
⇒ × × 8 × x = (44)3
3 7

4 22
⇒ × × 8 × x = 44 × 44 × 44
3 7

44 ´ 44 ´ 44 ´ 3 ´ 7
Þ x=
4 ´ 22 ´ 8
x = 2541
Hence, total number of sperical bullets = 2541.

Example-19. A women self help group (DWACRA) is supplied a rectangular solid (cuboid
shape) of wax with diameters 66 cm., 42 cm., 21 cm., to prepare cylindrical candles each
4.2 cm. in diameter and 2.8 cm. of height. Find the number of candles.
Solution : Volume of wax in the rectangular solid = lbh
= (66 × 42 × 21) cm3.

4.2
Radius of cylindrical candle = cm. = 2.1 cm.
2
Height of cylindrical candle = 2.8 cm.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 Mensuration 267

Volume of candle = πr2h

22
= × (2.1) 2 × 2.8
7

22
Volume of x cylindrical wax candles = × 2.1× 2.1× 2.8 × x
7
∵ Volume of x cylindrical candles = volume of wax in rectangular shape

22
∴ × 2.1× 2.1× 2.8 × x = 66 × 42 × 21
7

66 ´ 42 ´ 21 ´ 7
x =
22 ´ 2.1 ´ 2.1 ´ 2.8
= 1500
Hence, the number of cylindrical wax candles is 1500.

E XERCISE - 10.4

1. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2 cm. is melted and recast into the shape of a cylinder of
radius 6cm. Find the height of the cylinder.
2. Metallic spheres of radius 6 cm., 8 cm. and 10 cm. respectively are melted to form a
single solid sphere. Find the radius of the resulting sphere.
3. A 20m deep well with diameter 7 m. is dug and the earth from digging is evenly spread out
to form a platform 22 m. by 14 m. Find the height of the platform.
4. A well of diameter 14 m. is dug 15 m. deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread
evenly all around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 7 m. to form an embankment.
Find the height of the embankment.
5. A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm. and height 15 cm.
is full of ice cream. The icecream is to be filled into cones of height 12 cm. and diameter
6 cm., having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such cones which can
be filled with ice cream.
6. How many silver coins, 1.75 cm. in diameter and thickness 2 mm., need to be melted to
form a cuboid of dimensions 5.5 cm. × 10 cm. × 3.5 cm.?
7. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm. and the radius of its top is 5
cm. It is filled with water up to the rim. When lead shots, each of which is a sphere of

Free Distribution by A.P. Government

 268 Class-X Mathematics

1
radius 0.5cm are dropped into the vessel, of the water flows out. Find the number of
4
lead shots dropped into the vessel.
8. A solid metallic sphere of diameter 28 cm is melted and recast into a number of smaller
2
cones, each of diameter 4 cm and height 3cm. Find the number of cones so formed.
3

O PTIONAL E XERCISE
[This exercise is not meant for examination purpose]
1. A golf ball has diameter equal to 4.1 cm. Its surface has 150 dimples each of radius 2 mm.
Calculate total surface area which is exposed to the surroundings. (Assume that the dimples
 22 
are all hemispherical) π = 
 7

2. A cylinder of radius 12 cm. contains water to a depth of 20 cm. A spherical iron ball is
dropped in to the cylinder and thus the level of water is raised by 6.75 cm. Find the radius
 22 
of the ball. π = 
 7
3. A solid toy is in the form of a right circular cylinder with a hemispherical shape at one end
and a cone at the other end. Their common diameter is 4.2 cm. and height of the cylindrical
and concial portion are 12 cm. and 7 cm. respectively. Find the volume of the solid
 22 
toy. π = 
 7
4. Three metal cubes with edges 15 cm., 12 cm. and 9 cm. respectively are melted together
and formed into a simple cube. Find the diagonal of this cube.
5. A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm. contains a liquid. This liquid is to be filled
in cylindrical bottles of radius 3 cm. and height 6 cm. How many bottles are required to
empty the bowl?

W HAT W E H AVE D ISCUSSED .

1. The volume of the solid formed by joining two basic solids is the sum of the volumes of the
constituents.
2. In calculating the surface area of a combination of solids, we can not add the surface area
of the two constituents, because some part of the surface area disappears in the process of
joining them.

Free Distribution by A.P. Government