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Phenomenon of Voltage Flickering in An Arc-Furnace Using Emtp Programme

This document is a synopsis for a project analyzing voltage flickering in an arc furnace using EMTP software. The synopsis was submitted by Ritaban Banerjee to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering. The project aims to model an arc furnace system and analyze how it influences power quality due to nonlinearities. It will use EMTP to model different levels of complexity, from fully nonlinear to piecewise linear approximations. Experimental results will be presented and validated. The literature review discusses how arc furnaces are a main source of harmonics, flicker, and imbalance that affect power quality. As arc furnace behavior is non-periodic, EMTP is suitable for analyzing voltage

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Ritaban Banerjee
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52 views8 pages

Phenomenon of Voltage Flickering in An Arc-Furnace Using Emtp Programme

This document is a synopsis for a project analyzing voltage flickering in an arc furnace using EMTP software. The synopsis was submitted by Ritaban Banerjee to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering. The project aims to model an arc furnace system and analyze how it influences power quality due to nonlinearities. It will use EMTP to model different levels of complexity, from fully nonlinear to piecewise linear approximations. Experimental results will be presented and validated. The literature review discusses how arc furnaces are a main source of harmonics, flicker, and imbalance that affect power quality. As arc furnace behavior is non-periodic, EMTP is suitable for analyzing voltage

Uploaded by

Ritaban Banerjee
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synopsys on

PHENOMENON OF VOLTAGE FLICKERING IN


AN ARC-FURNACE USING EMTP PROGRAMME
Required for partial fulfillment of Bachelor Degree in Electrical Engineering from West
Bengal University of Technology

Submitted by

Ritaban Banerjee

Supervised by

…………………..

Guide Name: Surajit Chatterjee

Electrical Engineering Department

Hooghly Engineering & Technology College, WBUT

Hooghly, West Bengal-712103

2010
Certificate of Appraisal

The synopsis entitled “PHENOMENON OF VOLTAGE FLICKERING IN AN ARC-


FURNACE USING EMTP PROGRAMME”

submitted by Ritaban Banerjee has been approved as a creditable synopsis report done the
by him/her and it may be accepted as required for partial fulfillment of B. Tech. degree in
Electrical Engineering from West Bengal University of Technology.

Prof. D M Kar

Head of the Department

Supervisor

Board of Examiners

Electrical Engineering Department

Hooghly Engineering & Technology College


Abstract

The project entitled “Voltage Flickering of an Arc Furnace using E.M.T.P. Programme” uses
an arc furnace and analyzes its influence on the daily power system. Here an Arc-furnace
power system is being studied in this project. A Model of Arc-furnace is described in the
project that allows the evaluation of the electrical behavior during steady state and is being
presented in this project. The model described in the project have different levels of
complexity; starting by taking into account of all the non-linearity’s of the arc furnace circuit,
passing through and neglecting the non- linearity’s of the transformer reactance and power
cables supposing that the wave shape of the voltage-current characteristic in the arc is piece–
wise linear. And by using the E.M.T.P. programme we analyze the deviation from the linear
circuit and hence analyze the phenomenon of Voltage Flickering. Experimental results are
presented in this project and are used to validate them for future researches.

Literature Survey
It is recognized that one of the main sources of harmonics, flicker and unbalance are found in
an arc furnaces. These three phenomena are the problems that affect power quality in our
daily lives. An arc furnace is basically a furnace employing Megawatts of power and employs
transformers of MVA ratings and employs power cables, for example a steel plant can be
regarded as an example of arc-furnace.

These problems are non-linear in nature.

As the behavior of the arc furnace from the electromagnetic view point is not strictly
periodic, it cannot be analyzed with precision using the Fourier series and harmonics.
Sometimes they can be considered as transient loads for which the flicker is a greater
problem than the harmonics. For this reason in this project we will be using the
Electromagnetic Transient Programme [E.M.T.P] for the analysis of Voltage Flickering in the
arc-furnace. This project will try to cover the study of the arc furnace from the power quality
point of view and for this reason a model will be presented and elaborated.
First, the complete model is presented. In this model, the most important non-linearity of
the arc furnace systems is represented. These are the saturation and hysteresis effect on the
transformer, the power cable, and the arc phenomenon inside the furnace. An iterative
method is needed to aggregate a random signal (resistance parameter) in this approximation.

The above figure shows a simple arc furnace where all values of the parameters is very
high. In the project an arc furnace is taken, as here the phenomenon of flickering can be
easily understood.
The main furnace elements are shown in the above Fig, these are: Transformer reactance,
power cable and arc source (the electrodes).
This circuit has a strong non-linear behavior in a stationary state. The arc and the
oscillatory movement of the power cable are the main cause of the distorted voltage shape.
Thus the cable and arc are the most important non-linearity in the circuit.

Plan of work
At first a linear ideal model (excluding harmonics, flickering) is studied where the voltage-
current characteristics are carefully observed. Then an arc furnace model is taken into
account

Now for the study of flickering effect the hysteresis and the saturation in the iron core
transformer are other non-linearity taken into account for the arc furnace study. The power
cables are randomly oscillating by phase; a picture of the distorted resistance phenomena is
constructed and the graph is shown below:

Here the graph is obtained from a 35 MW arc furnace at 50 Hz power frequency. Now we
notice that the graph is not linear in nature and there are Flickers and its associated transients
within it. The main motive of this project is to determine the cause for this flicker. By using
Mayr’s Model we would try to understand the cause of this flickering due to the non-
linearity’s in our model due to the presence of transformer reactance and the power cables in
the arc furnace.
After placing some suitable parameters at Mayr’s Model using E.M.T.P. programme we get a
complex curve. Presently we are trying to estimate different saturation parameters that are
responsible for the voltage flickering in the arc-furnace, which in still an ongoing process.
Reference

Papers consulted:
1.

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