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Addition Rule of Probability

This document discusses the addition rule of probability for mutually exclusive and inclusive events. It provides examples of using the addition rule to calculate the probability of events composed of two outcomes. For mutually exclusive events A and B, the probability of A or B is calculated as P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). For inclusive events that have common outcomes, the probability of A or B is calculated as P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B). The document provides worked examples applying these rules to find probabilities of events like drawing certain cards from a deck or getting certain sums when rolling dice.

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Vic Tivar
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368 views2 pages

Addition Rule of Probability

This document discusses the addition rule of probability for mutually exclusive and inclusive events. It provides examples of using the addition rule to calculate the probability of events composed of two outcomes. For mutually exclusive events A and B, the probability of A or B is calculated as P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). For inclusive events that have common outcomes, the probability of A or B is calculated as P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B). The document provides worked examples applying these rules to find probabilities of events like drawing certain cards from a deck or getting certain sums when rolling dice.

Uploaded by

Vic Tivar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY- ADDITION RULE OF PROBABILITY

Name: ________________________________________________________ Date:______________________

Grade and Section:_____________________________________________

Addition Rule for Probability: Mutually Exclusive Events

The probability of a single event that is made up of two different mutually exclusive events is given by

P (A B ) = P(A) + P(B).

1. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is an ace
or a king?

Solution: The event “ace or king” is made up two different events: ace and king. The two events are mutually
exclusive (with no common elements) and you are finding the probability of their union (suggested by the
preposition “or”). Let A be the event of drawing an ace and B the event of drawing a king. Then, P (A) = 4/52 or
1/13 and similarly, P(B) = 4/52 or 1/13 since there are 4 aces and 4 kings in a standard deck of cards. Thus,

P(ace or king) = 1/13 + 1/13 = 2/13.

2. A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that the sum is 5 or 6?

Solution: The event “sum of 5” is the set (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) . On the other hand, the event “sum of 6”
is the set (1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2),(5,1) . There are 6 x 6 =36 elements in the sample space therefore,

P (5 or 6) = 4/36 + 5/36 =9/36 =1/4.

Addition Rule of Probability: Inclusive Events

If events A and B are given such that A and B have common outcomes, then the probability of the event “A or B” is
determined by

P (A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A B).

1. If a card is selected at random from a standard deck of cards, what is the probability that the card drawn is a red
card or a face card?

Solution:

P(red card) = 26/52 P (Face card)=12/52 P(red face card) =6/52


P(red or face card) = P (red card) + P (face card) – P(red face card)
P (red or face card) = 26/52 +12/52 – 6/52 =32/52 =8/13

Activity #6

What Have I Learned So Far?

Directions: Read and answer the following questions carefully. Please show your Solution. NO SOLUTION MEANS
WRONG! Write your answer at the back of the paper.

1. A basket contains a dozen red roses and two dozen tulips. If two flowers will be selected one after the other
with replacement, find the probability of getting a red rose and a tulip.
2. A card will be drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Determine the probability that the card drawn is a
number card or a face card.
3. Two fair dice are rolled twice. What is the probability of obtaining a sum of 5 on the first roll and a sum of 8 on
the second roll?
4. There are 11 green marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 6 red marbles in a jar. Three marbles will be drawn are a red
marble, green marble, and a blue marble?
5. Ms. Alicaya needs to form a group of 5 members that will represent her class in the upcoming interschool
mathematics quiz bee. If there are 12 males and 9 females who are qualified to compose the team, determine
the probability that the group will consist of at least 3 males.

Whatever you do, DO IT ALL FOR HIM  


STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY- ADDITION RULE OF PROBABILITY

Whatever you do, DO IT ALL FOR HIM  

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