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Navier Stokes PDF

The document discusses the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances like liquids and gases. It covers the equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems for incompressible flows. It provides examples of the equations for several specific flows, such as pressure-driven flow between parallel plates, thin film flow down an inclined plane, and flow between rotating cylinders. The document also discusses generalized Newton's law of viscosity and its relation to different coordinate systems and flow variables.

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Khirupasagar Ravibaskar
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284 views22 pages

Navier Stokes PDF

The document discusses the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances like liquids and gases. It covers the equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems for incompressible flows. It provides examples of the equations for several specific flows, such as pressure-driven flow between parallel plates, thin film flow down an inclined plane, and flow between rotating cylinders. The document also discusses generalized Newton's law of viscosity and its relation to different coordinate systems and flow variables.

Uploaded by

Khirupasagar Ravibaskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Navier-Stokes Equation and Exact Solutions

Navier-Stokes Equation
Equivalent to Newton’s law of motion (F= ma)
+
Continuity Equation Newtons Law of Viscosity

Momentum Equation

1) Ship design
2) Aircraft Design
3) Dams
4) Pipelines
5) Biological flows
6) Design of Train, Car and Bus.
7) Sun (Magneto hydrodynamics)
8) Almost Everywhere!....
Governing Equations for Fluid Motion
Navier-Stokes Equation - Cartesian Coordinates:
(3-D, Incompressible and Constant Viscosity flow of Newtonian fluid)

Continuity:

Momentum:

Inertial force Pressure force Viscous force/ Gravity force


Shear force
Governing Equations for Fluid Motion
Navier-Stokes Equation - Cylindrical Coordinates:
(3-D, Incompressible and Constant Viscosity flow of Newtonian fluid)

Continuity:
Cartesian coordinate problems
Please go through Cartesian coordinates problem
in standard text books (Fox, White or SK Som)
Flow Due to pressure gradient between two plates:
Consider steady, two-dimensional, fully developed, incompressible viscous laminar flow between
𝝏𝒑
two parallel plates driven by only pressure gradient (neglect gravity) that are situated a
𝝏𝒙
perpendicular distance h apart
➢ Simplify the continuity and momentum equations for this case.
➢ Specify appropriate boundary conditions.
➢ Find the velocity distribution profile, maximum velocity, and average velocity.
➢ Find the shearing stress on the wall.

Shear Stress at the wall ?


Thin Film Flow – Gravity driven:

Consider a steady, two-dimensional, unidirectional flow problem, incompressible viscous thin film
flowing down an inclined plane (Fig. 6.8). The ambient air is assumed to be stationary, and, therefore,
the flow is driven by gravity alone. Assuming that the surface tension of the liquid is negligible, and
that the film is of uniform thickness h,
➢ Simplify the continuity and momentum equations for this case.
➢ Specify appropriate boundary conditions.
➢ Calculate the velocity distribution and the volumetric flow rate per unit width.

h
Governing Equations for Fluid Motion
Navier-Stokes Equation - Cartesian Coordinates:
(3-D, Incompressible and Constant Viscosity flow of Newtonian fluid)

Continuity:

Momentum:

Inertial force Pressure force Viscous force/ Gravity force


Shear force
Cylindrical coordinate problems
Governing Equations for Fluid Motion
Navier-Stokes Equation - Cylindrical Coordinates:
(3-D, Incompressible and Constant Viscosity flow of Newtonian fluid)

Continuity:
Unidirectional flow Problems in
Cylindrical Coordinates

Axisymmetrymeans that there is no


variation of the velocity with the angle 𝜽 Axisymmetric Rectilinear flows
𝑢𝑟 = 0, 𝑢𝜃 = 0, 𝑢𝑧 ≠ 0

Flow Through Pipes

Axisymmetric Torsional flows


Axisymmetric radial flows
𝑢𝑟 = 0, 𝑢𝜃 ≠ 0, 𝑢𝑧 = 0
𝑢𝑟 ≠ 0, 𝑢𝜃 = 0, 𝑢𝑧 = 0

Flow Between Two rotating cylinders Flow Between Two Circular Discs
Axisymmetric Rectilinear flows

Fully-developed axisymmetric Poiseuille flow or


Hagen-Poiseuille flow.

Reduced Navier-Stokes Equation:

Fully-developed flow
in an annulus.

Thin film flow down a vertical cylinder


due to gravity
Fully-developed axisymmetric Poiseuille flow or Hagen-Poiseuille flow.
General Solution:

Boundary Condition and Constants:

Specific Solution:
Velocity Profile
Flow Rate
Maximum Velocity

Shear Stress Profile


Average Velocity

Wall Shear Stress


Fully-developed flow in an annulus.

General Solution:

Boundary Condition and Constants:

Specific Solution:
Thin film flow down a vertical cylinder due to gravity

General Solution:

Boundary Condition and Constants:

Specific Solution:
Generalized Newtons law of viscosity
Generalized Newtons law of viscosity
Generalized newtons law of viscosity Relation to our convention

𝑣𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑣𝑧 = 𝑤

𝑣𝑟 = 𝑢𝑟 𝑣𝜃 = 𝑢𝜃 𝑣𝑧 = 𝑢𝑧

𝑣𝑟 = 𝑢𝑟 𝑣𝜃 = 𝑢𝜃 𝑣𝜙 = 𝑢𝜙
Axisymmetric Torsional flows: Cylindrical Couette flow

Neglect Gravity

Reduced Naiver Strokes Equation:

Cylindrical Couette flow:


Flow between rotating cylinders

Boundary Condition and Constants:

General Solution:
General Solution:

Boundary Condition and Constants:

Solution:
For Special Cases:

1) Inner Cylinder is fixed (Ω1 = 0)


2) Outer cylinder is fixed (Ω2 = 0)
3) Both inner and Outer cylinder are rotating at
same angular velocity (Ω).
4) No inner Cylinder.
5) No outer Cylinder.

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