PHYSICS NOTES – WBCS Examination

 A magnetic field exerts a force on a charged  Magnetic Permeability is maximum for

particle if it is moving across the magnetic Ferromagnetic Substances.
lines of force.  A substance, when inserted between poles
 Two electron beams are traveling parallel to of a market, is pushed out, it is dia-
each other. They repel each other. magnetic.
 A particle is moving in a uniform magnetic  Copper is a diamagnetic substance.
field. Its momentum changes but total  The inherent property of all matter is/are
energy remains same. diamagnetism.
 If a current is passed in a spring, it gets  Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Sb, Bi, H2O and air are the
compressed. examples of Diamagnetic.
 When a charged particle enters a uniform  Na, Cl, Mn, Pt, CaCl2 and oxygen are
magnetic field its kinetic energy remains examples of Paramagnetic.
constant.  Fe, Co, Ni and Fe3O4 are examples of
 Magnetic Field inside a solenoid is directly Ferromagnetic.
proportional to current.  A hydrogen atom is paramagnetic. A
 The deflection in moving coil galvanometer hydrogen molecule is diamagnetic.
is directly proportional to the number of  No force is exerted by magnetic field on a
turns in the coil. stationary electric dipole.
 The unit of magnetic induction is weber/  Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
meter^2. is related to the law of conservation of
 A strong magnetic field is applied on a energy.
stationary electron, and then the electron  Quantity that remains unchanged in
remains stationary. trANSformer is frequency.
 A moving charge produces both electric and  The unit of inductance is equivalent of (volt
magnetic fields. * second)/ ampere.
 Two free parallel wires carrying currents in  The direction of induced current is such it
opposite directions repel each other. opposes the very cause that has produced it.
 A magnetic needle is kept in non-uniform This is the law of Benz.
magnetic field. It experiences a force and a  Energy stored in the choke coil in the form
torque. of magnetic energy.
 The SI unit of Pole Strength is Am.  The core of a trANSformer is laminated to
 Magnetic Lines of force cannot intersect at reduce eddy current loss.
all.  A motor converts electrical energy into
 All the magnetic materials lose their mechanical energy.
magnetic properties when strongly heated.  A Dynamo converts electrical energy into
 Soft iron is the most suitable for the core of mechanical energy.
an electromagnet.  Fleming’s Right Hand Rule gives the
 The temperature at which a ferromagnetic direction of the induced emf.
material becomes para-magnetic is called  The Split Ring in motion is called
Curie Temperature. commutator.
 Soft Iron is used in many parts of electrical  In a hydel station the motion produced in
machines for low hysteresis loss and high turbines is due to the flow of water.
permeability.  A switch and a fuse wire is always connected
 Tangent Galvanometer is used to measure to the line wire.
Steady Currents.  ElectriciANS use rubber gloves while
 Vibration Magnetometer works on the working because rubber is an insulator.
principle of torque acting on the bar  Laws of Electrolysis are given by Faraday.
magnet.  Laws of heating are given by Joule.
 PHYSICS NOTES – WBCS Examination

 Magnetite is a natural magnet.  The fourth state of matter is known as

 A carbon microphone is best used in Plasma.
telephone.  X-Rays are electromagnetic waves.
 Earth wire has green plastic covering.  The process of emission of electrons fro
 Alternating Current can be measured by Hot metal by UV rays is photoelectric emission.
Wire Ammeter.  Measons are found in Cosmic Rays.
 Power remains constant in a step-down  An intrinsic Semiconductor at absolute zero
trANSformer. temperature is a perfect insulator.
 Domestic Electric Wiring is basically a  A typical example of a semiconductor is
parallel connection. germanium.
 In electric supply lines in India, frequency is  A diode can be used for rectification (AC to
kept constant. DC conversion).
 Lead is used in storage batteries.  A trANSistor is made of doped
 Mho is the unit of conductivity. semiconductor.
 Capacitor is used to store the electric  Intelsat Satellite works as Repeater.
charge.  Intelsat Satellite is used for intercontinental
 A fuse wire is made of an alloy of tin and Communication.
lead.  Antenna is inductive.
 The unit of electric power is watt.  Long distance short-wave radio broadcasting
 Nucleon is a common name for neutron and uses ionospheric wave.
proton.  Mobile Phone is full Duplex.
 The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons  According to the modern theory for the
and protons. nature of light, the light has both wave and
 Radioactivity was discovered by H. particle (dual) nature.
Becquerel.  The velocity of light is maximum in vacuum.
 Alpha rays emitted from a radioactive  A ray of light travelling obliquely from
substance are helium nuclear. denser to rarer medium, bends away from
 Beta rays emitted from radioactive the normal.
substance are charged particles emitted by  The laws of reflection are true for all
nucleus. reflecting surfaces.
 Gama rays are deflected by neither an  The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity.
electric field nor magnetic field.  A plane mirror reflects a beam of light to
 Isotopes have the same Atomic Number. form a real image. The incident beam is
 The mass of a neutron is nearly same as that convergent.
of a proton.  An object is placed between two parallel
 The mass defect per nucleon is called mirrors. The number of images formed is
packing fraction. infinity.
 Positron has similar mass to that of the  A number of images of a candle flame are
electron. seen in thick mirror the second image is
 Nuclear Force is strongest in nature. brightest.
 An atomic pile is used for conducting  When a ray of light enters from air to a glass
nuclear fission. slab, its wavelength decreases.
 Energy is continuously generated in the Sun  When light passes from one medium to
due to Nuclear Fusion. another, the physical quantity that remains
 A nuclear reactor harnesses nuclear energy unchanged is frequency.
by controlled chain reaction.  A monochromatic beam of light passes from
 Nuclear Fusion is the source of energy in Sun a denser to a rarer medium as a result its
and Hydrogen Bomb. velocity increases.
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