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1928 A

This document discusses common salts, their chemical names, formulas, and methods of preparation and uses. It describes how sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, plaster of Paris, and gypsum are produced from sodium chloride through various chemical processes. Sodium hydroxide is produced through the chlor-alkali process of passing electricity through sodium chloride solution. Bleaching powder is made by passing chlorine gas over slaked lime. Baking soda is produced by passing carbon dioxide through a solution of sodium chloride and ammonia.

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Marvel and D.C. Education
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308 views5 pages

1928 A

This document discusses common salts, their chemical names, formulas, and methods of preparation and uses. It describes how sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, plaster of Paris, and gypsum are produced from sodium chloride through various chemical processes. Sodium hydroxide is produced through the chlor-alkali process of passing electricity through sodium chloride solution. Bleaching powder is made by passing chlorine gas over slaked lime. Baking soda is produced by passing carbon dioxide through a solution of sodium chloride and ammonia.

Uploaded by

Marvel and D.C. Education
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Class X, Chapter 2
CHEMICALS FROM COMMON SALT

S. COMMON CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL


No. NAME FORMULA
1 Common Salt Sodium Chloride NaCl
2 Bleaching Calcium CaOCl2
Powder oxychloride
3 Baking Soda Sodium Hydrogen NaHCO3
carbonate
4 Washing Soda Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10 H2O
5 Plaster of Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)2 .H2O or
Paris hemihydrates CaSO4. ½ H2O
6 Gypsum Calcium Sulphate CaSO4.2H2O
dihydrate

PREPARATION AND USES OF SOME SALTS OF DAILY


USE:

1.SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Preparation:
CHLOR-ALKALI PROCESS: Sodium Hydroxide is
manufactured by passing electricity through an
aqueous solution of sodium chloride ( brine ), which
decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is
called chlor-alkali because of the products formed
chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
NaOH + 2H2O electricity 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

Uses :1. Used in manufacture of soaps and detergents.


2.Used for degreasing metals
3. used for the preparation of artificial fibres.

OTHER IMPORTANT PRODUCTS PRODUCED IN CHLOR


ALKALI PROCESS
1. Hydrogen: Used as fuel and in the manufacture of
ammonia for fertilizers.
2. Chlorine: Used for disinfecting drinking water and
water in the swimming pool.

2. BLEACHING POWDER

Preparation: By passing Chlorine gas over dry slaked


lime ( Ca(OH)2)
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
Uses:1. For bleaching textiles and wood pulp
2. For disinfecting water
3. As an oxidizing agent in laboratories and
industries

3. BAKING SODA
Preparation : By passing carbon dioxide gas through a
cold solution of sodium chloride saturated with
ammonia
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 NH4Cl +
NaHCO3

Uses:1. For making Baking Powder ( a mixture of


Baking soda and tartaric acid)
2. Used in medicine as an antacid
3. Used in soda acid fire extinguishers

4. WASHING SODA
Preparation:
1. By heating baking soda we get sodium carbonate
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
2. Recrystallization of sodium carbonate gives Washing
Soda.
Na2CO3 + 10 H2O Na2CO3.10 H2O

Uses :1. Used in glass, soap and paper industries


2. Used in manufacture of Borax
3. Used in removing permanent hardness of
water

5. PLASTER OF PARIS
Preparation:
When Gypsum is heated to 373 K it loses water
molecules and becomes Plaster of Paris
CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4.½ H2O + 1 ½ H2O
Uses :
1. Used for making moulds for toys, pottery, ceramics
etc.
2. Used for making statues
3. Used for making plasters for setting broken and
fractured bones
4. Used as a fire proofing material

6. GYPSUM
Preparation :
When water is added to Plaster of Paris it changes into
Gypsum
CaSO4.½ H2O + 1 ½ H2O CaSO4.2H2O

WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION

Water of crystallization is the fixed no. of water


moleculespresent in one formula unit of a salt.
Examples of salt with water of crystallization:
1. CuSO4. 5H2O
2. Na2CO3.10 H2O
3. FeSO4.7H2O
4. CaSO4.2H2O
5. CaSO4.½ H2O

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