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Thermodynamics

The document discusses the first law of thermodynamics. The first law states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, only changed in form. It can be expressed as: the net energy transferred to or from a system as heat and work equals the net change in the system's total energy. Heat and work are the ways energy is transferred across the system boundary. The document also summarizes an experiment where heating an aluminum can caused it to implode when placed in water, relating this to the first law and how heat was dissipated from the can to its surroundings.

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173 views3 pages

Thermodynamics

The document discusses the first law of thermodynamics. The first law states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, only changed in form. It can be expressed as: the net energy transferred to or from a system as heat and work equals the net change in the system's total energy. Heat and work are the ways energy is transferred across the system boundary. The document also summarizes an experiment where heating an aluminum can caused it to implode when placed in water, relating this to the first law and how heat was dissipated from the can to its surroundings.

Uploaded by

norliana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DJJ 2073 – THERMODYNAMICS

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

EN.AHMAD SYARIFUDDIN
BIN CHE ABD AZIZ

NAME MATRIX NUMBER


MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN 15DTP18F2006
MUHAMMAD RAMLI
SITI HALIMATU SAADIAH BINTI 15DTP18F2004
ABDUL WAHAB
MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BIN 15DTP18F2007
AZNOL NIZAM
Introduction/Basic Theory
First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics can be simply stated as follows: during an interaction
between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy gained by the system must be
exactly to the amount of energy lost by the surrounding. A closed system can exchange
energy with its surroundings through heat and work transfer. In other words, work and heat
are the forms that energy can be transferred across the system boundary. Based on kinetic
theory, heat is defined as the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and
molecules.
First law, or the conservation of energy principle, states that energy can be neither created nor
destroyed; it can only change forms. The first law cannot be proved mathematically, it is
based on experimental observations, i.e., there are no process in the nature that violates the
first law. The first law for a closed system or a fixed mass may be expressed as:
Net energy transfer to (or from) the system as heat and work = net increase (or decrease) in
the total energy of the system

Q-W =ΔE (kj)


Where
Q = net heat transfer (= ƩQin-ƩQout)
W = net work done in all forms (= ƩWin-ƩWout)
ΔE = net change in total energy (= E2-E1)
For a cyclic process, the initial and final states are identical, thus ΔE = 0. The first law
becomes:
Q-W = 0 (kj)
Note: from the first law point of view, there is no difference between heat transfer and work,
they are both energy interactions. But from the second law point of view, heat and work are
very different.

Result, Analysis and Discussion


1. Observe and discuss what happens to the aluminium can
 When the aluminium can was heated first, it has caused the steam to occur in
the can and once the can was dipped into a bowl of water, the steam inside the
can caused the can to implode from the inside which can be seen when the can
dented as the steam cannot be released to the air.
2. Relate what happened to aluminium can with the theory of first law thermodynamics
 The temperature inside the can (T2) is higher than the surrounding
temperature, Q is negative because heat is dissipated from the system.
Hence, work is done by the surrounding on to the system. W is positive.
Conclusion
As a conclusion, we be able to explain the concept of 1st law of thermodynamics and namely
the relationship between heat and work for a system. We also be able to analyses and disscuss
the result in experiment.
References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics
 https://www.livescience.com/50881-first-law-thermodynamics.html
 http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Heattransfer.html

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