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Topoğrafya Note 2

This document provides information about the key elements found on topographic maps, including: 1) Topographic maps identify various ground features through the use of contours, colors, symbols and labels to depict relief, hydrography, vegetation, transportation, culture and boundaries. 2) Contour lines connect points of equal elevation to illustrate the terrain, with closer lines indicating hilly areas and further lines indicating flat terrain. 3) Maps are drawn to scale, with standard topographic maps at a 1:50,000 ratio, where 2cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.

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Hedi Sahdi Haji Ali
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37 views12 pages

Topoğrafya Note 2

This document provides information about the key elements found on topographic maps, including: 1) Topographic maps identify various ground features through the use of contours, colors, symbols and labels to depict relief, hydrography, vegetation, transportation, culture and boundaries. 2) Contour lines connect points of equal elevation to illustrate the terrain, with closer lines indicating hilly areas and further lines indicating flat terrain. 3) Maps are drawn to scale, with standard topographic maps at a 1:50,000 ratio, where 2cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.

Uploaded by

Hedi Sahdi Haji Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
2019-2020 FALL TERM
FAE 453 – TOPOGRAPY MODELLING
note 2
LECTURER: M.Sc. İPEK YARALIOGLU
What information is on a topographic map?

• Topographic maps identify numerous ground features, which can be grouped into the
following categories:

• Relief: mountains, valleys, slopes, depressions as defined by contours


• Hydrography: lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, rapids, falls
• Vegetation: wooded areas
• Transportation: roads, trails, railways, bridges, airports/airfield, seaplane anchorages
• Culture: buildings, urban development, power transmission line, pipelines, towers
• Boundaries: international, provincial/territorial, administrative, recreational,
geographical
• Toponymy: place names, water feature names, landform names, boundary names

• Refer to the map legend for a complete listing of all features and their corresponding
symbols. Information along the map borders provides valuable details to help you
understand and use a topographic map. For example, here you will find the map scale
and other important information about the map such as the year, the edition and
information pertaining to the map data.
What do the colours mean?

• A variety of colours can be found on a map, each relating to different types of features.
• Black shows cultural features such as buildings, railways and power transmission
lines. It is also used to show geographical names (toponymy), certain symbols,
geographic coordinates and precise elevations.
• Blue represents water features, such as lakes, rivers, falls, rapids, swamps and
marshes. The names of water bodies and water courses are also shown in blue, as are
magnetic declination and UTM grid information.
• Green indicates vegetation such as wooded areas, orchards and vineyards.
• Some northern areas of Canada are mapped in black and white (monochrome).
What are contour lines?
• Contour lines connect a series of points of equal elevation and are used to illustrate
relief on a map. They show the height of ground above mean sea level (MSL) either in
metres or feet, and can be drawn at any desired interval. For example, numerous
contour lines that are close to one another indicate hilly or mountainous terrain; when
further apart they indicate a gentler slope; and when far apart they indicate flat terrain.

What is scale?

• Maps are made to scale. In each case, the scale represents the ratio of a distance on the
map to the actual distance on the ground. A standard Canadian topographic map is
produced at 1:50 000, where 2 cm on the map represents 1 km on the ground.
• Medium-scale maps (e.g. 1:50 000) cover smaller areas in greater detail, whereas small-
scale maps (e.g. 1:250 000) cover large areas in less detail. A 1:250 000 scale national
topographic system (NTS) map covers the same area as sixteen 1:50 000 scale NTS
maps.
What is a grid?

• A grid is a regular pattern of parallel lines intersecting at right angles and forming
squares; it is used to identify precise positions. To help you locate your position
accurately on the surface of the Earth (or map sheet), topographic maps have two kinds
of referencing systems:
• universal transverse mercator (UTM) projection (easting/northing)
• geographic: degrees and minutes (longitude/latitude)

• The projection used for topographic maps is UTM.


• The UTM grid is a square grid system of lines depicted on maps and based on the
transverse mercator projection. It can be used to accurately locate the position of
features on the map by distance or direction. To express your location in grid
coordinates or geographic coordinates, read the following section.
Plan Examples:
3d Examples

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