STANDARDS OF THE TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION EIGHTH EDITION ‘TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. 25 North Broadway ‘Tarrytown, New York 10591 Richard C. Byrne, Secretary ‘www.tema.orgNO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED Pe.Slaads new ar wesc The Tuba Exchanger Mantas Asriten, Ie (oltsiel user, engines and designers who spect, design ane inal bua re. These tc are aed pn sid engineering pinto, renarch aad epararce he sarc: dai eaten a ae Una exchanges Tha anges aye set 0 ‘evaion a ther nieatgaion of experience ay show fs Poceszay of dearable. Nothing heen Saks wonr of ony “pressed ot mpl, and warany responsibly fay kind (© Copytght 1968, 1970, 1972, 1074, 1978, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990 "Tubular Exchanger Manuacturers Associaton, Ie TEMA s vadomark of the Tubular Exchangor Mandtacturers Assocation, Ine This document may not be copie, le, ropreduce, translated. modified or reduced o ary Steere medium or machine eadase orm hw or pr waht par wtan conser ote ‘Tubular Exchangor Manufacturers Associaton, ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDCONTRIBUTING MEMBERS TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC, Comprising Manufacturers of Various Types ‘of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Equipment ‘AP Heat Tranater, In. (cust. 0-Faby ne. Energy Exchanger Company. Engioers and Fabsicators Company: Fabeco Shall and Tube, LLC nn Graham Corporation. Heat Transor Equipment Co. Hughes-Anderson Heat Exchanges, In. ITT Standard, IT Fad Technology Corporation. oseph Oat Corporation. aning and Lawl Engineering Company. ctor Corporation nn meted, = [RAS Process Equpmert, ne Southern Heat Exchanger Corporation. Srthors Industries, Ie. Wegman re oe go fay of Xchange ig xp ‘Yoba Heat Tanstor "Rison of Connel ited Parisi 2777 Walden Avenue Buta, 14205 2098 West 218 Street ‘Sand Springs, OR 74003 1044, Gera Road “isa OK 7116 2801 West 11th Seat Te rou eaoTT sng? OB 988 ‘Sepia, OK T4008 20 Florence Avenue Batava, NY 14029 P.O. Bax 550609 ‘Tia, OK 74558 vv 1991N. Fulton Avenue Tia, OF 705 P.O. box 1102 ‘Bia, 54227 2500 Broadway ‘Gameon, RY ot08 sence TS Rata Avene ‘Union RL 07088 ee ralpacet ‘Bias, MO est68 25 North Main Steet ‘ealmors, 1X 77701 24 Meadowbrook Road ‘abbinslle, Na 08681 P.O. Box 1850 "Tisesoosa AL 5408, ven $600 9h Stet “Gipor, MS" sos0t _ P.O. Boe 8187 ‘alana, CA'oaB4 vg: P 0, BOX 158 ‘idea OratoTECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE ‘TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION en Connor. 201 Hoa Tranter, Dov Werare Com. nF Energy Exchanger Company cx Smatey Engines and Fbretors Company Pr ar Graham Corporation Mande Dai Heat TanserEqupmert Company Jim Harton Hughes Angers Het Exchanges. In Nok Tran IT Sana Miche Hote Joseph Oat Corporation Tea Rapezysk Manning and Lewis Ergiering Co Ste Melt. vente Corporation Mitt ay. Otmstee Tate Sout Hest xchange: Corp Gay Bary siraers indus, ee Len Sibi aon ig Cop. Larry rumbevgh ‘ot a Trontr ‘ Bivaion Canna Umea ParnersnpPREFACE Eighth Eaton 1998 {he Bohn Eaton ol he TEMA tpt vas erpaad bythe Techni Commie fh Tuer Exranger Manufacturers Assetaion A complation of previously proven infrmation, alongwith new adtors tothe ow Maced Vigtzion Penio shel Elements and TubocseeOsegn sections s prosatod tor your practi se Design methods fr Floating Head Backing Devices hve also been added and the scope has besn changed to {eormgete bow angel suns and pressures. atc us and ales hav Deer aude wher poste. ‘Suggested methods ave Been included Tor support ae ting lug dasgn nthe ROP cane ite Teun Sonmiegedcerg te marovo Wayne Scare Not Caran i oars of Godkatod service tothe TEMA Technisd Commins “Tre Edtor sao whos to acknowledge the contibutins tothe Eighth Elion by the past members othe ‘eee Commitee: Visors Stachur, Joseph H Kiss, Reet © Moscickr and Hay W Satz, simHarigon EDITORCONTENTS Symbol & ‘ection Paragraph oN 2 a6 ? aE 2 3 a 10 ey 2 6 7 weMseRsHPUsT. = a TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 5 PREFACE * NOMENCLATURE ‘Sie Nurbetng an Type Designation —Reconmanded Pace. 5 Nomaneltre ot Host Exenange Carpenet, a FABRICATION TOLERANCES xem Dnersions, Nozze end Supper Locations. 6 Feconmended Fatreston Terances. 7 “Tueshoee, Patna, Cover, ana Flanges = a Flange Face impeoctns a {GENERAL FABRIGATION ANO PERFORMANCE INFORVATION Shop Operation = = Inspection 13 Nameplates 1 Drawings and ASME Cose Ds Repo. 12 Preparation ot Heat Exchangers or Shipment. ~ 15 General Consruston Fears of TEMA tar Heat Exenarger 15 INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PPedomarce ot Hest Exchange a Instat ot Hes Exchangers 7 (Operation ef Heat Exchangers. 18 Marenarce ot Hest Exchanges 10 MECHANICAL STANDARD TEMA CLASS ACE HEAT EXCHANGERS ‘Scope and General Regie. 2 Taves ar ‘Shai and Shell Coves ‘2 Betis and Supp Piste at ‘lost End Construction 38 Tubesheet a “6 Fixble Shall Samente a 7% (Channels, Covers and Sena 38 Nez. 31 End Fangs aa Both. 93 FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION \Viraton Orage Pater. ~ 8 Fale Regors ~ ra ‘enansinies Nonoes. * Natura Fraquncy 7 ‘val Tube Sass. = foe Eterna Tope Maes 04 amen. 07‘CONTENTS. D sms secon Pui ¢ vow OUCED ERAN rend > "Savor vay Dura ww < founmene i S Ceimemenice 5 tose e 1" saat nro epee ee : = Fae eaniermanenbr races = op pmrbca monsnescrraies 7 OD 1 aeme : fa 5 tate dae se . t Romemano * : oe : eI $ Femmialee nd iane = 7. : = Dg 0° conetnrSemc eases set ta = ve sop ninmenes coon ore Sa Srcomatvond oopee = Sia Marine oo inet me os tcuctaim eS foe Tiyan nebo a ta: Benen : a on ae a a = Sa hoe eS Sn tehnaaie a ete oon 7NOTES TO USERS OF ‘THE TEMA STANDARDS oe dassee of Mechanical Standards, ,C and 8, roflecting accapabla designs for varous service applets are ‘Gronod The unr suid ert th Shean of nt ae nd cso te One at Bet ae Specs hood cresponding subject matter inthe tee Mechanical Standards is covered yaphs Merely numbered ‘Coptrine pref eter Paagraph numtrsprocaded by RCE indicates ha ose Cassese ehca, Any ‘ference toa Specie paragraph must be preceded bythe Cass designation, ne Recommendag Good Practie ection hasbeen prepared to asst the designe in agoas ouside the scape ofthe 1S Standerds. Poragrape nthe Siar hevrlg aon tration inne RGP ction are marked wh an Hors) The eter peragreph tne AGP section hes the Wortica paragraph rumber, bat wh an ROP Preto isthe iteton ofthe Tube Exchanger Manufacturers Association that this eon of Standards maybe used aiming wih te date of issuance, aft tat is equrmens euporseae these of previous eomon se months ‘insuel dat of tsuneo, excep for oa! exchangors contract tor pit toe ond the Sx ON paviod. Foe ‘purpose the data of issuance une 1, 1050 ‘ston on interpretation ofthe TEMA Standards should be formally addressed tothe Secretar at TEMA 25 Norn ‘adway, Tarrytown, NY. 1050! uestonerequring development of new or fevsed technical rmaton vil ony ‘Tencweted tough an addendum or a now edkion oho Standards ponagreement between purchaser ad abricstor, exceptions o TEMA equirements are acceptable. An exchanger [yo considered ae meeting TEMA regaremets de ongjasthe exceptions donner,HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE SECTION Is recommended that heat exchanger size and type be designated by numbers and liters as described » 1N-1 SIZE NUMBERING AND TYPE DESIGNATION-RECOMMENDED PRACTICE below Settee ote in tis ht in ers and tube lengths, as follows: ee eae 7 ven mat oameren Mem dee tote bi dant dp tale a to psa ea ene neat ere a EIS alan wheheme imate ve somat ener Terenas cm) Daeteab gn ‘ace een ts aa BEST Nas eee ccasege ware Trcic eee eatin ry te tte ‘ear head, in that order, as indicated in Figure N-1.2. : : 1-1.3 TYPICAL EXAMPLES Naot nea exchanger wih removable channel and ove, sil pss sha ES bl rn nibs 16 om vg. Be Pesan ube change wth tone yp atone had stow hl. 1 inside Bat ace Sen Soa ona SE 86 ass) PE BOO Nasa ough ong hn ae pe otra aon ew! eal wn net sei pr daa Sos pst dtr whos 17) ion Sc 2 0 aay TE Nese Fad ubesheet exchanger with removable channel and cover, bonnet ype Pees ae eat es 2s rrpiong Sze 9.8 N35 Fad ubeshoet and rear heads integra with ubeshoats, singe x at ase anh ie ameter ih tubes 18 (007F ming. SE 17Tee fase-4677) WE NEN. SPECIAL DESIGNS Se cree eae nee Foveramoie, Sopa See eter wh con mn ra lu Scene get fin Conca Beads and exchango wih an heya! shel cover maybe tenbedas PE MET wan copra Set Cover 7 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 1SECTION HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE ouRE Nz : L a er, 10 uti com || ¢ * . ° ol a) aaa : = eames oc nano v1 E ioe I 4 z I N I x r T 7 id L 3 xV I a : 2 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationHEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE. SECTION 1 2 NOMENCLATURE OF HEAT EXCHANGER COMPONENTS » For the purpose of euableting standard wrminology. Pour N 2 tuetaos various ypes of Nea st a er TE Stn sage is ama raouens 4 Sten eg cere 23 Poa et oe ce iSenisees 2 Pesaro Seer emma ares 1 EES nee SESS ane jes a ieee os EE cee ee SE smeocram BS entra ttn 3 eee at 2 eSBs reer See 8 Bae nce Behe eer oe SER Esan 3 argh 28 a hea re, sae 1 Rear eC rar ae aaa Eigen Boece eieeyacase runes Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationSECTION1 HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE FIGURE N-2 (continued) 4 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationHEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE SECTION FIGURE W-2 (continued) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTION2 HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES £F-1 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS, NOZZLE AND SUPPORT LOCATIONS: Standard tolerances for proces lw nozzes and suppor lcatons and projections are shown in Figure Pa Gmensionsi() are miinetors FIGURE F-1 sur, HEH) s7e(68) 31/064) 21/6164) HA), 1/064) il seis, 1 seen | s/82) Towa NDE SE [6 we Ble Fo nCUEM | ETA) 33 =P ROLUSHE | —/Se24) ae ese NUSIE | 76a) Sls OER 36" a6) all sue S| Ta 1 area a) _ |g] ge STACKED EXCHANGERS seein i T sous j apes Sins leu ecto f Pon TATONAL TOLERANCE OW NOZZLE FACES COMNECTEN NOZZE AURAMENT AND SUPPORT OTNONL TRLERMCE ON 6 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationHEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES. SECTION2 Dd F-2 RECOMMENDED FABRICATION TOLERANCES Fc reer saeia er et in oe aor en See eee gh ee er eee oe = q 3 E an ga 41/8132) £1/8732) £1/8"| ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 7SECTION2 HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES F-3 TUBESHEETS, PARTITIONS, COVERS AND FLANGES ‘The standard cearances and cranes applying to tubesheos, partite, covers and Ranges are shown in Figur" Dmenone' (are mime Le =o FIGURE F-2 ba 4 Hf es aay | ¥ ate si ‘sueeees aes ee V8 ES -32) Sent Oo BCLS TTT ae ae os era oeay* ne ean one ees Se TEL ES, REAR tees igrarare» EME 5 a ons (429.0) Seem neon. 8 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationHEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES. SECTION 2 FIGURE F-4 PERMISSIBLE IMPERFECTIONS IN FLANGE FACING Finish FOR RAISED PACE AND LARGE MALE AND FEMALE FLANGES 12 ss wien ai Peco ct | inn Ou as aca eect “Teeonome vi \"EScem te Sesion Man wig a ve {i ine (18 Eee aoe torent the {19 ine tt us 6 iat a TERR ye ve ae afte fe Be te nores: Imparections must be separated by at last fou tines the permissible ral projection. Preuss ove tn seats arent permed LANCE PERPHERY ‘Sketch showing Radial Projected Length PL) seated gasket face damage Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Associationa 16. GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTION 3 DEFINITIONS Bate device to dot the shel side fd across he tube or optimum hea ranstr ft and Suncor Pe Tune Hale lance he dara iterence between he nomi ube OD ant {he sominal ibe ole damete ine balls sano pate 70 Indrect lables ying ouside the heat exchanger menutacures sited Supe Nranty Slaton ‘Double Tubashest Canarucon fs atype of construction nich nwo (2) spaced tubeshoos or equivalent are toyed iniea cite sng tuoeshoet at oo orb ends othe ea xchange. = Etatv Sal and Tube Side Deslon Pressures are the resutart oad values expressed as unr pressures [Seti dterhraton ct uneho ck: ro tec hat chang ar unc a he Sal sue dog press, the ib se ds esse oxavu aen oxprn aso ond ine equvalent Beng pres. se pres oat euting to th ets of otra ous goes on ‘sBathtat Bee faboshot hon exchanger whon he “tendo for boing hanged nual! Daeg! Eunasion Press the eee oqhalnt eguting om the ato ibeshost args nett! xchange tnposed bye rear torent haa epson between othe tube totubeshest oe achieved by mechanical or explosive expansion ofthe tube ERbRS tebe at nine besoct " Fastr's the rato ofthe spring rte ofthe expanlon jit to the su of thesia ping ‘ais oltne shal and the sping rate othe expansion [om ana Cocaatin Eats we ects edt compart fo the reer apteaton of bting ‘moments Gusto lange bot space. ar design itations forthe spacing ol ales to pevide loPmachanta teghy ahd ‘oethonaay of tho burl. fhe poset fo ndveed ‘ration has not been Sanedered i estabishing hese values ol sel an ube heat exchanger ace thethemal and hyeraue pefomance ‘Sjdrarnt gener spechon trang the en exchanger = {ston ui Conctins are contigs o Sow pray characterized by rapt futuatonsin presi ae ow rate fesulng fom sources Outside oltre ht exchange ‘SamicLeadions are orcas anc moments resting nod resee on any mera of ahs! change let pte ods cr complex navom aocoeraton othe hea exchange, such es tone esa Fem m sre tha average mat temperatures though the shat and tbe RET RRSa Rg oie ne eng ote hea exchanger tora gen sendy se porting concion Su. Canons ah condos of operon wich ot Yom th tne of sandy date opting ‘Sandton Toto tm tat fow ot bath process dreams has couse ‘Staf.Un Cantons are the constons of operation which et rom thetime at Row a ether orboth process ‘Sours tuiatod tothe tmothat steady state operating conditions are achieved. ‘Suonod alata ie a device to support the bundle oto reduce unsupported tube span without consideration for “uesheet Lgament isthe shortest tance between ee of adjacent tube hols Inthe tube pate {Waldo Tube tint ea tube osubesheet jolt whece the tubes waded tothe tubesheet. 10 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationGENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTIONS Figune 6-52 HEAT EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association "SECTIONS GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION FiGune G62 HEAT EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET 12 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationGENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTION 3 @-1 SHOP OPERATION “The dead methods of shop operation are eft tothe cretion ofthe mancfactrer in conformity with ‘hece Standard. G-2INsPECTION 2.1 MANUFACTURER'S INSPECTION Inspection and testing of units wil be provided by the manufacturer ures otherwise speciied. The ‘anufaclurer shel cry out the nepactonereqired fy the ASME Code, and also mapectons ‘eat by sat and local codes when the purchaser species the plan iocton G-2.2PURCHASER'S INSPECTION ‘The purchaser shal haye ths ht to make inspections during fabrication and to witness any tests ‘heh he hee so requested. Advance noticaton shu be gen ex agro betwean the rarsactrer Sinan epockon by prc’ shat vee manta eh ‘respons 63 NAME PLATES (6-2.1 MANUFACTURER'S NAME PLATE ‘Asuable manuacturr’s name pate f corrosion restart meter) shal be permanent attache to {hata ond he sha cen TEMA Strange Nate es fr oxtanger mausccres [tcordano wn Clause and" ehl be stente 8 sores) aes When roti ileal Spe by tne preset name Bate shal be taco Tos Bracket weld tothe 9.11 NAME PLATE DATA In ation fo all data required by the ASME Code, a nameplate shal eso include the folowing ti provided) User's equlpmert dentition Users rer sumer 2.12 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION The mandactrr shal supp suplemertailomaton wheat petra ota operation Srioning cline exchanger his nous ncudeelomaton paanngto greta enn hd test pressure condone, estristion on operating cortions or hed tubeshet ‘Stonengers, or ther retreive condone appheble tothe design and/or operation tho ‘Snore components ‘Such infomation cat be old on Une name plate oon a ‘Sipslomental plate atlached tothe exchanger the are Pat oct 6-22 PURCHASER'S NAME PLATE Purchaser's nam pats, when used {an replace te marusaclrer's nae (6-2.3 TEMA REGISTRATION PLATE “The TEMA orgerization has aopted a wcurtary resvaton oysiem for TEMA members oly, When hes cara ogrera i fA a ular eno oe oe cet i ‘eth rageton pons. cei th rer afta oh ae xanga the ASHE Cae dat epors poced on asthe TEMA os, By rerening Pe regictaton number, 8 Cony {he ASE Cod daa report ay be osalod by he purchase! For the TEMA ace, (G-4 DRAWINGS AND ASME CODE DATA REPORTS (6-41 DRAWINGS FOR APPROVAL AND CHANGE cnn fee cone oer ange See ee a ete ney GuneGie eertnes aenaracg among treacon ner iebetnta i Ge facras eye aati Saeed ieee ee lea te erteee enc Soager cts Sec emai is naan Herma en Sa be supplied bythe purchaser and supplement rather ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 2SECTION 3 GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ‘on he approved drawings without express agreement ofthe purchaser, Shop deta drawings, while frmariy frre! une bythe fabricator, ray be umishea otha purchasr yp request.‘ Wian ‘etal dlawinge are requected, thoy wl oy be supplied ater Cute Grawings have bean approved (6-42 DRAWINGS FOR RECORD ‘Aer approval of drawings the manuacturer shal ish three (2) pints, ths option, 8 transparency fal approves awbgs G-4.3 PROPRIETARY RIGHTS TO DRAWINGS “The drawings ang the design indicated by them ato o be considered the property of he Furulacta ard pent be sed ortepreducad without hs pais, coh yt purchaser foes owm sara Use. 6-4. ASME CODE DATA REPORTS Aer completion fabian snd iepecton of ASME Code stampa exchanges, the manuacturer ‘al mre (cops othe ASHE Mantacres Gta Bopon- G-sGUARANTEES 5.1 GENERAL “The specific tems ofthe guarantees should be agreed upon by the manufacture and purchase Uhies cerwise agreed pon by he manufacturer and purchase, he flowing paragraph in ihis ‘fon wi be applicable 6-52 PERFORMANCE The purchaser sat ure mandates wah al oration ogade laut oh ce reuemonts, nla rogurements. The manulacture’ shal guarentee [isa pavosmarca and recrancal dengn oa het exchanger when opted a he ek {Enulioke spot by te purchaser nis oret, or shown on he exchanger specication sheet tured bythe randachze (igure G2 6-5 2M) Th garni shal ender paid {wave (12| months afer sipping date. The randtacturer call assume no responsi for ‘SreceaGe ng ofthe appetete by mataral suchas cok, st seta or any lorlgn stance tht ‘sy be depontos, The tema grantee shal not be applicable to exchangers wher he thermal Derlrmance rating was made bY the purchaser (6521 THERMAL PERFORMANCE TEST ‘A prance tes shal be made ti eatlshed ar operation hat he perorance ot ‘ABSiehatge tnt eattectory prove th themes poermarce reins Wes ade bythe ‘afscror, Text condone Sl procedures sa be Slced by openers Cees te ames ag anche ra estganon toes om pd 6-522 DEFECTIVE PARTS “The manufacture shal opar or replace FO. is plat any pare proven detective win the fuararte period. Fries marie end aocescons purged tom oer manulactrers Fiduaing tes, ar wartariod onl tothe exer of re orginal manufacturer's waranty fo the hoa exchanger fabeeator 6-5. CONSEGUENTIAL DAMAGES. “The manutactrer shal nat be eld lable for any indrect or consaquentil damage. (6-54 CORROSION AND VIBRATION “The manufacturer assumes no responsi for deteoration of any part or pats ofthe equipment Gus to corson eeslon, tow indies tube vibration, oF any oor Causes, regardless of when such ‘Stesratton oegurs ata leaving th manutactur' promos, except a provid forin Paragraphs eSzeaess 14 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationGENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTIONS G-S:SREPLACEMENT AND SPARE PARTS ihe epcemer os rie ors ss octet a ar pcan te maniac Toluene at ich parts ony the as heel manutacturer Pars abies {Eos eh acs seb gun nee dense ra (6-6 PREPARATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR SHIPMENT cevcuraune verge ote ee wnt mines tt romouable by hand or power rushing. sah basse zona wa sent a seg aoe datos Uns haan as rae a esanaioemorecron ‘Soper nesencae a teeth eno wettest ‘Protected against mechanical damage by suitable covers. Lectetas ceecrmesoeocomecnonnareren ihett cms ob any poe (6-65 DAMAGE PROTECTION ‘Tha exchanger and any spare parts are to be suitably protected to prevent damage during shipment (6-66 EXPANSION JOINT PROTECTION ‘aera tin walled expansion bellows shall be equpped with a protective cover which does nat 7 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF TEMA STANDARD HEAT EXCHANGERS G-7.1 SUPPORTS ‘Av het exchangers are tobe provided wth suppos. *6:7.1 HORIZONTAL UNITS. “The supports shouldbe designed to accommodate the weight ofthe unit and cortrts, Incucing he loaded weight dung hyarosaic tot Forunte wah removate tube bundles, support should be designed to wihstand a pling forenequalto 11/2 times the weight othe tube bundle. For purposes of support design. forces rom ecoral nz loadings. wind and semic ‘ras are assumed fo be negige urless he purchaser specicaly deta tha ‘craremerts: Wen uso adltonal loads and foros are roqutd tobe considered, the ‘Contino need not be assumed to oscar smunanooush ‘Te eerancos under Paragraph 7.13 may be used for calculating resulting stresses cue to the ssl supports Horizontal uns are normaly provided wast least wo sade type supports, with les or lanchor bots Th holes nal but ono othe supports are tobe alongated to accommodate, ‘is movement of te unt under codons Ger types supp ray be Od Saenign ener are met and sxil mover aoconmodsie. ia 10-712 VERTICAL UNITS ‘erica unis ar to be provided wih suppor adequate to mast design requirements. The ‘Soppons may be ofthe lg’ annsar ng ogo it ype te unt st be locate fa SUpporing Sucture the Supports shou be of sacle ees to alo learanoe forthe body ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 8SECTION 3 GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 6-7.19 REFERENCES Zick, LP, “Suess in Large Horzonal sna Pressure Vessls on Two Sale (Sipps! Pressure ssa and Png; Oban and Aly, She, 1872 (2) Vint, and Dor. R, "Stresses ar Deformations ina Cynical Shell Lying ona Cominisus Riga Suppor” Paper No. 7SAil%, Joumal of Applod Mechanic, Tans, ASME, (2) Krupa, V, "An Ansys fr Lug or Sade Supported Cylnial Pressure Vessels,” Froeedinge oho Prt internatonal Coneranee on Pressure Vesss TeSMOINY. PP. 01500 (0) Sah, KP. Sele, A. “Mechanical Design of Het Exchangers and Pressure Vessel Eepanents Chapa 7, Acar Plates Ine () Bard PP, "Sresses rom Local Loadings in Cynical Presure Vessels Tans. ASME, OVS No. 6 i059) (@)Wicman, R, Hopper AG, and Merehon JL Lael Greases Spherical ad cyaical Sei 8B dings Waking Rasnes Coun Bato. ) Rodabaugh €. :, Dodge, W.G.. and Moots, SE. "Sree Incest 00 (fea Sens Wading Hosesrcs Cound Buena, ts0° 8 SUPP (@) Brown, and Young. EH, “Process Equipment Design” John Wiey & Sons ne (©) Jawad, MH, and Far JR, “Sutra Analysis and Design of Process Equipment” John ity and Sofa nc 1584 aa (10) Bednar H. H, “Pessure Vessel Deion Handbook Van Nostrand Relnhe Company. 1) Blodget, OW, “Design of Welded Stutures”The James F.Lneon Arc Wel (Sean, 8s : (12) Moss, Denis, "Pressure Vessel Design Manual’ 1087, Gul Pushing Company. 5-72 LIFTING DEVICES ‘Shanes bonnets, aed covers which weigh over 0 7.2 ae ob ah ting os, ‘ings of ped holes for eters Unoss erwfeespoctod Rese ming devices are designed to lity tn Bomponentto wrich they are rect atached Lugs for ting the complete unt are nat normaly provided. When ting ugs or runrions are {283165 By ha prcawer fol ne conplte un tho doco mou be adequtely cess (4) The purchasr shal infor the manutgctzr abou the way in whch te iting devi wl bo usec. hs Brae sabe notes animation nein devs ang son rao (gu penta exarinatn oft ting device atactmert wed shou be corel on te ea units (2) The design fad shal incorporate an appropriate impact actor. (4) Pat-ype ting lugs shoud be oriented to minimize bending stress. {The noe ameter nh tog deve mus be age enughto sec shack pin igs load aig ester an to ang The eft on he ut component to which the ing devo aches shoud be cole. bait ‘necessary to add @ reinforcing plate. annular ring or pad to distribute the load. (7) To adequncy ofthe exchanger to actoreradae the tng loads shoul be rated. +67 WIND & SEISMIC DESIGN Fer wind and slemic forces to be considered inthe design ofa heat exchanger, the purchaser must este nga Gel remrerara The ‘Recorded Goes ag snes a ese rds proves the deigher wah 8 Gecusson on tis abject and elected reference for dosign ppleation 16 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationINSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SECTION 4 -1 PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS ‘Satetactory operation of heat exchangers canbe cbtaned oly trom units which are propery designed and SREEORTH aly Steelman ad pevonve tenance sre ser esponsoiieg = £E-1.41 PERFORMANCE FAILURES ‘Ta fare of heat exchanger equipment to arto saisactely may be caused by one or more Baars suchas cour yim (1) Excessive foutng {) Aror gas binding resulting trom Improper piping instalation or lack of sutale vers. (©) Operating conatinsditfering om design conditions. (4) Maldron of low inthe unt (@) Excessive clearances batweon the bates and shel andor tubes, duet corrsion. (6) improper thermal design ‘Te users best assurance o sasfactory perfrmence le in dependence upon manvtacturers Tompotent he dolgn and abneaion thet ane: equpment, [E-ZINSTALLATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 2.1 HEAT EXCHANGER SETTINGS £-2.11 CLEARANCE FOR DISMANTLING For straighe tube exchangers ited wth removable bunes, prove suticire clearance atthe “Shtionay head enc to port romol othe bund rom te shel ah Prove adequate ‘Space beyand the esr hend to perm moval othe sol cove and /o loating he cover. For fed tubesheet exchanges, provid sficlet clearance atone on to pert withdrawal aa ol he tbs, an enough space boyord the head alto Opposts 0° 1 Bert removal ofthe Bonet or channel Soe For Utube nest exchanges, provide sufiient clearance a the stationary head end to part ‘Sthdeawal ofthe tube Sandie or athe opponte end to pra removal the he £2.12 FOUNDATIONS Foundations must be adequate so that exchangers wi net sete and impose excessive Eason the exchanger Foundation bons shold be set allow for sting accuracies. n Etnctts outings, pipe seven atest one az ger than bok iret sipped ove the Stand cast nae are bes irs purpose as ey alow he ba carero be adjsed Sarthe foundation hs -2.19 FOUNDATION BOLTS Foundation bots souks be loosened at coe endo the unt to allow ree expanslon of shes ‘load holes n supports are proved tors purpose. -2.14 LEVELING chargers mist beste and square sot ip connections maybe mace whut forcing £-2.2 CLEANLINESS PROVISIONS 2.21 CONNECTION PROTECTORS ‘Alexchanger openings shoul be nspecte for oeign materi. Protective plugs an covers ‘sud nt be removed ua ust prior stato 2.22 DIRT REMOVAL, ‘The entra eystem shoul be clean befor staring operation. Under some conditions, the use (Of sraner athe ping maybe equ, Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association "7SECTION 4 —_ INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE £2.20 CLEANING FACILITIES ‘Convenient mean should be provided for cleaning the unit as suggested under‘Mairsonance foal Exchangers Paragraph Et €-2.3 FITTINGS ANO PIPING. 2:31 BY-PASS VALVES Itmay be destable fr purchase to provide valves and by-passes inthe ping system 10 orm inspection and repairs. £-232 TEST CONNECTIONS ‘Whan nt rtogra wit the exchanger noms, thermometer well and pressure gage ‘onetions shoud be nsaed tse ote exchanger the lt ana cute SANG -2.99VENTS Vent valves shou be provided by purchaser 0 unts canbe purged to prevent vapor orcas ‘Sing Spec conaaton moa be gen fo dchorge of hasardous toni acs E234 DRAINS. Drains may ctcharge to stmosphers, I permisste, or toa vessel at ower pressure. 1 red nat be piped io a common sesee mands ‘er £2.35 PULSATION AND VIBRATION Inalinstatation, care shoud be taken to eliminate o minimize transmission of fulé ‘usatlone and machanica vbraione tothe hea exchanger. £2.96 SAFETY RELIEF DEVICES ‘The ASME Code defines the requirements or sley rel devices. When spoctod by the ‘Purchase, manactre: wl prove the necessary confections fr the sit ral ‘evioe. The ze and ype ofthe rogue connectors wl be spctied bythe purchaser. ‘The purchacer wt prove and tlhe requ ai devices. {8 OPERATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS. .2:1 DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS. Equipment must not be operated st condtion which exceed those specad on the name pate) e-asopename moses apeteyerere pein, rene rt nit ang aero er ay eae tere ror cman eae antes ener micas SERS, Slane ode oo taerae .2.21 START-UP OPERATION Most exchangors vith removable tube bundles may be placed in sori by fst etablishng feiston tect sn, toes byte ra rerun oh ot rau Busing sirup al wort aves chou rural a pascages have boon paras oc rere cont Md is, Fos og upeen carne Rae mst Sroduced in a manne to mrsmize Geert exparsion between the shel a tubes, .2.22 SHUT-DOWN OPERATION For exchangers wih removable bundles, he unts may be shut down by frst gradu Eepping tne tow e theft mecam and ten stoping te ow of te cad mcm. tis foseaat to stop the fw of cold machi, te eelaton of hot meduen ivough the ‘xchange shou alea be topped For hed tuboshearexchangara, the Unt Must be shut {Em va rnaneorimerace Serra npasicn beeen el ad ues, Whe Sing ‘Sonn to systom, al unts shoud be rained completely when there isthe possPiy of {tecang or corosion damage. To guard against warhammer, condensate shoud be 8 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationINSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SECTION 4 cnitn gm mente mp eget see, Tepe tater torsion alr cramage, he ube Se of waar coded exchanges shoud be Hom ct Ea cscs reenact eres za ondeamatenengtumogar i Screg teelaaatisetar res ar at £9.24 0LTED JOINTS: Heat exchangers ae posture tote belore leaving the manufacturer's shop in accordanca th ASME Code requrements However. oral faxing othe mis may ocean the mera between tating in tho manufacture’ shop ad stalation athe jobste. ‘Thereot. al extoral bolts jos may requre fer taliaion ara ocestay, afte the exchanger hs eachod oparatingtanporatur £8.25 RECOMMENDED BOLT TIGHTENING PROCEDURE iis paras atl boted joints be ottone unto ac na demetcaly tagged fatter astletated nile £25, scepter paca Nigh pressure cones was Fecceone othe mansotier sous be towed FIGURE E25 pr -AMAINTENANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS. {E41 INSPECTION OF UNIT ‘At rgular interval and as raquenty as experince inicates, an examination shoud be made ofthe ‘tee an eteror conden othe unt Neglect hkewping a bes lean may res comoiete ‘Soppage of fow trough some toes which ould cause saver thermal ste aking tbe joni, ‘rata damage 1s oer components, Sacra anodes, when provided, snoud be inspected {determine water toy shuld be cleaned or rplaced 4.11 INDICATIONS OF FOULING Exchangers subject to fouling or sealing shouldbe leaned parodicaly. gt sludge or ‘Sesbeting on te tbe realy rues he elrenoy Amaro nerve pressure {aorradueaon n pefonrarce usualy edcates dean ie “tho une sou st Bees fora of vapor ning o contr thet ha srt the cause forthe raducton i Favormance. ‘Sin the oeiy clearing inereases raphy asthe sole uchness or ‘post increases the lverals Sohwoen cleanings shou nt be exoosshe ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 19SECTION4 —_ INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE -4.2 DISASSEMBLY FOR INSPECTION OF CLEANING Before canssomty, the user must assure himsal ha the unit has boon depressurze, ‘erred and drained owralzed and/or purged a azarcous mater “Toinspect heise ofthe tubes and also make them accessible for clearing the folowin Procedures should bo used 2 (0) Stationary Head End (@) Type A.C, 08 N, ramove cover ony (©) Type, remove bonnet (2) Roar Head Era (@) Type, N&P, remove cover ony (0) Type remove bonnet (©) Type $8 T, remove shal cover and Noting head cover (@) Type W, move channel cover or bonnet [E4413 LOCATING TUBE LEAKS The folowing procedures may be used to locate perforata or elt tubes an leaking joints caeena re fete hcl cases ts ae ine of ach eget lb Sccesale for npoction The pol where war escapee Indicates &delectve tobe or itborotubeshet one (0) ats win rama cana cover Remove chro Cove ae apy au pesire (2 ene comet ype tad Fr tae set ns ine utd 0 regs ‘bashes were tubesreets are ne a inogra pat fhe shel ard Yo: wy ‘mrtae unde. tnra born Ye bet tosh Maal ae os \iiichevere appeato, ane apely hyaretc possi in oo igure 191 ‘plea! test Rango ae test ga FIGURE E4191 scp sederived ae saree ean yt a ‘Sau Sg rch tne ans, Care rb erie ven og pray ielute/ornbetonbeshecor (4) Hydrostate tet shoud be postormad so tha the trmperature ofthe metas over 6 F (16°C unos the materi of consi havea lower ni-uctty transtionteperstre 20 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationINSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SECTION 4 FIGURE E-413-2 rest ane —— 42 TUBE BUNDLE REMOVAL AND HANDLING. To avid possible damage curing removal fs tube bund tom a sala pling dovice should be ‘ached fo eyobos stewed ito the ubesheet the ubeshoot doos nl have tapped Rakes fr tyebot, soa fogs cabls ieerted trough tube are atachd to boaring pats ray bo Usd. He bre shogdbe supped onthetnetlien supports or ubeshons 1o reer Gamage fo Gasket an packing contact surfaces should be protected. -43 CLEANING TUBE BUNDLES 4.34 CLEANING METHODS The heat arte surtaces ot heat exchanger shou be kept clean to assure Tidssony peromance’ Convent maaan shou be mao avelase. Heat rs may be ceaned by otrer chemical or mechanical methods. The metas ‘Sueciad mua be the chee of ne Operate of he part and Wil Gepond on ho ype eget and fn waiobie mtb part. Fling oe Seve Garin proces that ‘may be sonore (1) Cireuting ho wash ol right tat through tes c shel at high vetocy may (fect Tomove supe or ana 08 Sopa gael! {@) Some sat depoets may be washed out by crating hat Hesh wate, {@) Commerc cleaning compounds are aval fo: moving sludge or scale provided hat \ wash of orwatere Wot avable or dows Not gh aaistactoy (4) High pressure water jt leaning (6) Scrapers, rotating wre brushes, and other mechanical mean for removing haré scale, cota or thar posts, ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association aSECTION4 —_ INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (©) Employ sonoes oa quod ooaiaton ta provides eaing sree, These rgarisions wl check te naire of he depose to be removed, rsh proper solvents Ble a ett cman bon ars poe eugene powealo ‘complete deaing, 4.2 CLEANING PRECAUTIONS (0) Tubes ehoud nt be cleaned by bowing steam trough ndvidua tubes since this heats hata anc may reast in sovere expansion sain, dakomation ae ube, or loosening (rtne tube to tubeshost ont (2) When mectanicalycleening atube bude cae shoul be eee to ol denaging (2) Coaning compounds must be compatible wth the metallurgy ofthe exchange. 4.4 TUBE EXPANDING ‘A gutabo tube expander should be used to tighten a leaking tube Joint. Care should be taken to ‘Sosure that tubes are ot over expen £-45 GASKET REPLACEMENT crores ttre crema i ad act Spaces lor re ce ee ea cock cesta tomer mater eocea ee ly per emaiee artes a nie meea cer tecckin cag arate Becca ae Becerra aeat bas emer espe nn sci cna rece pee ec aco ais vl Stach iahtaee. orange esogrteraencera shee see secre sim th oe ant Se a ee eT Sees eke Honey a orf ems sertnaptagaeeejn moter trnsopwsseey neh uaa atest vcs riot on nih ta no Sen a Saha sae ronan eionorae oe E-4.6 SPARE AND REPLACEMENT PARTS, “Te procurement of spare of rplacoment pars rom the manuactrer wil be facated ifthe comect ‘ame forthe part as own fn Secon Table N ofthese Staeare egvon togetet wh th ‘Sor number typ, sue, and othr iformation ton the name plate. Replaoorort parts Should be purchased rom ie orginal markfactarer. E-47 PLUGGING OF TUBES ‘In Utube heat exchangers, an other exchangers of special sign. t may not be taste to renave tnd repiace delete fubos. Selective tos nay be Pugoed us commerce avalabie tapered lugs forles or tapered ony plugs which may of may nat be sal welded. Eacessie tube ‘BloGsing may result nreducea teal performance, hig: presure drop, and/or mecharical nag. he rs repens tore pos ae nurses bund 1 seek {ea shop for repo. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R'CB [RCB-1 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS RCB-1.1 SCOPE OF STANDARDS RCB-1.11 GENERAL Te TEMA Mechanical Standard are applicable to shel and tbe hes exchangers which do hat excood any othe felling era ce (1) side lamers of 100 ches (2540 mn) © prt femal ameter, ces (man ein press pl WP) 00209 (2) adesign pressure of3,00 pal 20688 KPa) “The intr ofthese parameters oii the mau shi all heknoss to ang 3 chase dita marry st retro aperonany ches (Gen ‘Siora contained n these Standards may be app To unk whieh exceed te above paramotors 1.12 DEFINITION OF TEMA CLASS FF EXCHANGERS “The TEMA Mechanical Sanders for Clase" heat exchangers spac design and {abrcaton of untred shot and tube heat exchanger forthe general severe requements of Detoieum and related prosessing applications. cece (¢-1.12 DEFINITION OF TEMA CLASS'C" EXCHANGERS ‘The TEMA Mechanical Standard or Cass °C” heat exchan design and ‘Giscatin of sts sol and ube hal exchangers orth gently moder eguremerts ‘tcommarcl ane ganarl process appcabons -1.12 DEFINITION OF TEMA CLASS ‘B" EXCHANGERS “The TEMA Mechanical Sardar or Cass 8" host exchangers pect design and ‘bration of unos shol and tubo heat exchangers fr protees saree. [RCB-1.19 CONSTRUCTION CODES “The nda vessels shall comply with the ASME (Ametican Sock of Mecharical Ege) Gor and Pres Vana Coe, exon Wt vag | hereto to ast “These Standards suppiement snd efne the Code oe heat exchange! ‘Sppleatone. The manufocuter sta comply wah he contraction requlremects of tate and {SGa\Codes wh te purchaser spction he pant location shal be the reponse of ‘oy To rior he manulacturr of ary appleabe ices eades. Applicaton tS {Code cymbals requved, ures otherwise specie by the purchaser. [RCB-1.14 MATERIALS-DEFINITION OF TERMS For purposes of hese Sands, carbon ae sal be costue a any saloon ay ‘hsp scope of Pan USS ote Cue. Male ot nuded ty he regi cart {ast Fon) shall be coratereo ob atoys"riess horse spectcaly named. Matera of ert, nsung pst odd be spcted oy th prcese. The marufecer _Stsurmas no Teaponelsy for deteroraion a pars for any Feason. RCB-1.2 DESIGN PRESSURE ‘ACB-1.21 DESIGN PRESSURE ‘Design prossizes forthe shel and tube sis shal be spoctiod separately by the purchaser. RCB-1.9 TESTING RCB-1.31 STANDARD TEST ‘The exchenger shal be hysostatcaly tested with war, The test prossure shal be eld or TieeSS rst ede ee ate be ue re to tered spar sch ‘aa tt nat hub res can bo dota fom ata or, Wan ibe ‘Bde design pressure ft higher prossure, the tube bundle shall be tasted cuside ‘Shot ony spectied bythe purchaser and iho construction perms. Welded fs are fo De Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 23‘SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B sufcent cleaned porto esting the exchanger to pet proper Inspection during the ts. Fiepinmmiyeronatct ‘sw a roo8 tonal be sccosance wah |ACB-1.911 OTHER LIQUID TESTS Luis oer than water may be used as testing medium # agreed upon betwoon the pulchaser and the manner a |ACB-1.22 PNEUMATIC TEST ‘When iculd cannot be tolerated a 2 test meclum the exchanger may be given a preumnatc tein atcotance ithe Coss" mabe eco tha ayo, sats whe Used pressure testing madhrn The peur ost pressure a fom temperate shall bein accordance wi the Coos : moe RCB-1.29 SUPPLEMENTARY AIR TEST ‘yon supelamertary alo gag tests spect by ho purchaser, shal be precedes the hydrostatic teat equtes by Paragraph ACB 131. The test prsure shall be ‘any te pce’ ard mana bt St ot exceed ta outed by araaph RCB-1.4 METAL TEMPERATURES. [RCB-1.41 METAL TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS FOR PRESSURE PARTS “Te metal temperate mations for various metals are those prescribed by the Coe [RCB-1.42 DESIGN TEMPERATURE OF HEAT EXCHANGER PARTS RCB-1.421 FOR PARTS NOT IN CONTACT WITH BOTH FLUIDS ‘Design temperatures forthe shel and tube eis shal be pected separately bythe sacar Wie Goce proton ths ehowabe secs sor prs be Goegnes ot {he spect decgntomperatre, [RCB-1.422 FOR PARTS IN CONTACT WITH BOTH FLUIDS Thy sin tamgrste eth esgn ntl onpertre are eo eal te ‘he Code eens ior eagn metal raperture shal be based onthe ‘ren tempat fasten eee ute rae won ure sy eating asa aecsiae what Beeps icenmeemes rst er ntagrn eee catomeat erator SES peaan wammaienat es ‘ACB-1.49 MEAN METAL TEMPERATURES: RCB-1.481 FOR PARTS NOT IN CONTACT WITH BOTH FLUIDS. ‘The mean meal temperature I the calculatod metal temperature, under "pening conor oa arti coat. eed each a SRRDS opr omperstre the had contac whe par RCB-1.492 FOR PARTS IN CONTACT WITH BOTH FLUIDS “The mean metal temperature i the calcuted metal lemperture, under spectid ‘Speratng condtons, fa pat coriact with both shade and tubesie sds tis tbadto eaten ra Loporias gu opersing conor. [he ea at, HEOREe tas treaablehing ne nash tl lomportre, Sue comceran sal be given to such facors a the rlatve neat wastor cousin tthe two Rus ¢Sclacing the partandit reveRot tare aren of prs cova by he 0 RCB-1.5 STANDARD CORROSION ALLOWANCES. “The standard corrosion allowanods sed for the various heat exchanger pats ae as flows, ures ‘Rescondlions of sence make’ fer slowance moro suable ard sc allowance fs specled bythe purchaser. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B. SECTIONS [51 CARBON STEEL PARTS. [RH.511 PRESSURE PARTS ‘Al carbon soo pressure parts, except as noted balow, are to have a coosion ‘Blowance ot 1/2 mm) (¢B-1.511 PRESSURE PARTS, ‘Al carbon ste! presure parts, excopt as noted below, are to have corsion Slomanee of 1/6" (16 me) [RCB-1.512 INTERNAL FLOATING HEAD COVERS. Interna ating hood covers are o have the cortosion alowance on al weted “acas except got! soning sstaces. Corrosion alowance on te outside ofthe flanges porn ay be incluged in the recommended manmasm edge tance RCB.1.513 TUBESHEETS “Tubesheats are to have the corrosion allowance on each side wit he provision that ‘nie grooved side a a grooved tabeshee the Gopih othe gasketed groove may bo Conelored a aetable lor coos allonance [ACB-1.514 EXTERNAL COVERS. Where fat cera covers are grooved, the depth ofthe gasketed groove may be onslered an aelabe for covoeion allowance ‘sroove may RCB-1.515 END FLANGES: Corrosenatowance shal be ape rt tothe ede anata anges whore ‘Sipoved toe a em RCB-1.516 NONPRESSURE PARTS ‘Nororapaur pare suchas rade pacers alos an pp pls rc fo have cooson alowarce [RCB-1.517 TUBES, BOLTING AND FLOATING HEAD BACKING DEVICES, “Tubes, otng and floating head backing devices are not required to have corsion ‘slowsnee RCB-1.518 PASS PARTITION PLATES, Pass parton plates ae nt required to have corrosion alowance. RCB-1.52 ALLOY PARTS ‘oy parts are rot que to have cortosion allowance. 1.59 CAST IRON PARTS, (Catron pressure pas shall havea comosion allowance o 1/8" (82 mm) (08-1.53 CAST IRON PARTS ‘Catron pressure pats shall have a comtosion allowance of 1/16" (1.6 mm). RCB-1.6 SERVICE LIMITATIONS [RE-A.61 CAST IRON PARTS, ‘Cast rn shal be used only or water sence at pressures not exceeding 180 pel (1094 KPa) €-1.61 CAST IRON PARTS ‘Cast rn shal not be used for pressures excooding 180 ps (1034 KPa), oor lethal or ‘fama fade at any pressure ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 25SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-1.62 EXTERNAL PACKED JOINTS Packed joints shall nat be used when tho purchsser spel that the ful In cone wth the Joi isthal of hammable RCB-1.7 ANODES. election and placement ol anodes rt he respon oe hat exchanger mapa, a a exchange ao be unshed wh ons, when equi quan, he prchese’ Fosponotle Br harihing the hea excuangr manufacturer the folowing wvomation (1) Math of anode attachment. (2) Quanity ot anos required. {@) Ste ans manuéacture ofthe anodes. (4) Ane materi (6) Sketch of anode locations and spacing Ifthe heat exchanger manufacturer chooses ta intl anodes fora customer, the manufacturer ie nat {csponsti for thesutabiay ofthe sno oho sere sald n tho eof ta andes the {loan protection proaand by the anode or any teequet damage the hea xchange ‘Strsted fo the anode, tho mattod of anode nstalaion hens location af the fost exchanger 28 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS ACB SECTIONS *RCB-2 TUBES |ACB-2.1 TUBE LENGTH “The tolowing ube ents fr both straight and Utube exchanger ate conmenly used: 96 238). 1B oe AES nei cha irom Ban ‘te see Paragraph Nv RCB-2.2 TUBE DIAMETERS AND GAGES RCB-221 BARE TUBES Tle 806.22 ts common ube dana an aoe for bar bes of copper, eal and Soy, Other damoters and gages ae accepabe vases anes OnE NDOT SE owes ton] conte gee] Os 2 ee “and Aluminum Alloys: % z a & z z a 3 B 2 2 B 8 3 Ez 3 = z = = = &| 8 $ 2 g $ oe 42 4 7 : = ca) 10 a i % : yy i 3 Pa $ 3 ei % 3 i 1, Wal thickness sat be species as ther minimum or average, 2. Characteristics of ung aro shown in Tables D7 and D7. RC8-2.22 INTEGRALLY FINNED TUBES. “The nominal fin later shal nck excoad the cutee clam ofthe urtinned section, ‘Speclfcd wl sha be based on the thicknos tho foot ete. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association arSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B Rce-2.3 U-TUBES. RCB.2.31 U-BEND REQUIREMENTS ‘When U-bends reformed ts norma for the tue wall tthe outer ris tothin. The ‘minimum be we ches in the beat parton belo benng hal be hore a= Osa! ube wal thcknas, Inches rim) {= Minimum tube wal thickness calculate by Code rules fra saigh tube subjected to tho same pressure and metal temperature, inches (mm) (Outside tube ameter, inches (rm) R= Mean radius of bend, inches (rim) ‘More than one tube gage, oF dua gage tubes, may be usd na tube buns. When Ubon ar fomed rom ube matric ae rally nonworcharening ana ‘tunable temper. tube wall hing inthe bends Shou mot oxceed a homial 17% ‘niga tbe wal neknoss atoning atthe bend sha not exceed 10% of he nomial tube ous diameter Utes formed tom ube mato having ow ductty, ot mattis which are suscep to ‘worchardening. may req spec consdlraion Ass relr to Paragraph es2.60 RCB-2.22 BEND SPACING RCB-2.221 CENTER-TO-CENTER DIMENSION “The canerocenterdmensonsbetwoon parle lgs of tubes shal be such that ‘Ty canbe ircrted io the aie ancy without damapeto the tibes 'RCB-2.322 BEND INTERFERENCE “Te assembly f bends shal eof workman Metato-metal contact, ‘etwoon Dendein he same pane sas nat be panned. RCB-2.39 HEAT TREATMENT ‘Cold workin fring U-bends may induce embetiement or susceptbity to stress corasion TeSttin nates tnd /oreroriments, Heat resiment to este such condone may Do ‘ertormed by agreemort between manulacture’ ar purchase. RCB-2.4 TUBE PATTERN ‘Standard tube pators are shown in Figure RCB-2.4 FIGURE RCB-2.4 28 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association(MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B .RCB-2.41 SQUARE PATTERN In removable bundle units, when mechanical leaning a the tes is spect bythe purehager, tube lanes shoul be corinocus RCB-2.42 TRIANGULAR PATTERN, “Tranguler ot rotted ‘eared mechanical 2s TUBE PITCH ‘SECTIONS sar pate should not be used when the shel sid tobe “Tubes shal be spaces with a minimum cererto-conter distance of 1.25 times th ouside daeter tthe tube, When mechanical cleaning ftw tubes spetiog by tho purchase, minum Gearing [Soe of/4 (6 man shall be prow. casTuBeprTcn “Tubes sal be spaced wh a minum canter to contr cstanco ot 1.2 ce oj cert cano of 1 25 ne he ele dame TH the. Wise the ue ameter 5/6189 mor om sr tance obetotubesheet ones ae ‘panded ony, the manion conte to certar Stance may be redueod Io 120 mes the ouside Sarotor 2s TUBE PITCH “Tubes shit be spaces with a minimum corterto-cnter distance of 1.25 times the outed dareter its be, nen mechanical Gearing lth tess spaced byte urrtar anh nal Sha dwt inches ts ry ee mer ering en 1 sa provided or shel Gamers goster tan 12 nohos (905 man, rium caring anes 1) (6.4 Fim) shal be provid, Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 29SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-2 SHELLS AND SHELL COVERS RCB-2.1 SHELLS RCB-2.11 SHELL DIAMETERS It habe lot the ceczton ofeach manuksctures to establish a system of standard eal ‘amore within the TEMA Mechanical Standards ordor to achieve the eoononsas pec tone ndhidua’ design ana manutacuring actos RCB-2.12 TOLERANCES. CB:3.121 PIPE SHELLS. “Tha inside samete of pipe shal shal be in accordance vith applicable ASTM/ASME ip specteations RCB-2.122 PLATE SHELLS “The inside deter fan pat shel shal not exceed the design inside ameter ‘more than 1/0 (5mm a ermod by crore mescroment ‘ACB.3.19 MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS Shel knees deride Cae den fas. pus coon sawanes, tn ‘ho case shal tha nominal heleeas of sede as than that shown nthe appease ae Senna tll sense fr cla seks shal be he samo aso aroon sis sha TABLE R13 mult SHEL Hbovess Sita nines ed rum Tinos Nomina Set ameter Gan Sea a Fe Faia ie ie : me 505 18 ie § | sais | ae po | ote 0 : ws (83) Sie fe dove ean ie fen | sie Fe eae 2 ie HBR | 88 a5 2 BR | Oe 88 ‘TABLE ce.3.12 ind SHELL THICKNESS Bmenslone Inlnches rn) Minium Tease Nominal Sat Oameter Carbon Soe Toy Poe Pie Sch 2 2 so 3 3 3 scr se B Blom " Bid lea) "30 whe 4 Ey Bf 3) &, ees ve 3) 7 Scharle 6S te parizle or 6 oh (162 rm) a6 ch (208 rm) shol ameter 30 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B ‘SECTIONS RCB-2.2 SHELL COVER THICKNESS Nomi hicknes of shal cover heads, belore forming, shal beat est equal othe thickness ot > Seer ear Spl si ve [RCB-4 BAFFLES AND SUPPORT PLATES. [RCB-4.1 TYPE OF TRANSVERSE BAFFLES ‘he sere: rd sagen Yon of ie ube upp lates tana, Oa ype aes are petmsbe. Bae ot Fase sage iit exroraed es «pera {he Bek nce ameter orass percentage fe ta et eaten ele te ha (hel eros {celcnal svt min ota tubo ea) Te rumber ote ows ha ove or m-sgrertal {cites shou be autos to ge appronmatay he came notre aren ow trough cash bate Bates shal be cuter the corern tom oben ot pas ae, oat he, oxo the {tbe patie Batos shel ave 8 wormarixefnsnon the ctse mer. Typical bite cs ae ‘Wasted in igure RCD-4. 1" Gale cie may be vero, hoczotal or road FIGURE RCB-4.1 BAFFLE CUTS FOR SEGMENTAL BAFFLES OOO — OW t DOUBLE SEGMENTAL QD) ¢).46 t RCB-42 TUBE HOLES. ere the maximum tube ants 26 nce (14mm) ss oF rts tree in porcartans [Echelon rn} OS andr abe hls aetebe 32 nh tn ove {Berne woe. fer the ursupponed ube ena excaads 96 ces em rue [4 (Reha (o.smn) dameer and sae, stander toe hates are tobe ta inch (0.4mm ve S5'eife tubes” For pusning condtiss, ube ratea may e smeher an standard, Any Bars sha [Srclnoned ene th ube hee ghen a wertmanine ish. Bale hole wi have an over tolerance PFocto‘mch (0.9 mem) except at 4% ofthe lon are alowed an overicerance o O06 nes mn) [RCB-4.2 TRANSVERSE BAFFLE AND SUPPORT CLEARANCE ‘The ransversebafe and support plate clearance shal be such tat the diterence between the shel ‘edign noble ameter anc the cise metro th bat shal not wxcesd that nicated Table Rees owever where such clearance has no spicant eect on shel ae Peat transfor caricion or mea temperature dfrence, these maxanom Searancos ray be ncressad to twice » ‘he ads values. (See Paragraph ROB-4 4) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association aSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B TABLE RCB-43 ‘Standard Cross Bae and Suppot Plate Clearances Dimensions in nches (rm) ‘Nomifal Shell ‘eign 10 of Sha ino Bato OD o17 2 1/8 38:39 sr a09 ae fe wise (lowes a 9 sie fisortrss sis woe furveziaa 2 e3 85 t00__gs-2se0) ihe (is ‘The design insie lamer of pipe shells dnd asthe nominal outside clameter ‘Tina ce te non wal tsmess The desig ide damotr fa pet sel oft the spot ade det. trary cae, dese dtr may Dtaton ashe actu meses ‘ide diameter. RCB-44 THICKNESS OF BAFFLES AND SUPPORT PLATES [RCB-4.41 TRANSVERSE BAFFLES AND SUPPORT PLATES ‘The lowing tables show the minimum thickness of ransvers bles and suppor plates {ppiyng to mater for various shel lamers and plate spacings. ‘The thickness ofthe ball or euppot plates fr U-tube bundles shal be based an the Eatporod ue langn he de anc of re. “the U-bend engin shall ot be in determining the unsupported tbe longi for requred plate thickness TABLE R-4.81 [BAFFLE OR SUPPORT PLATE THICKNESS. ‘mensions inches (rn) ra aias rE vernal out0 Rania ae goonies ose) oes] CEP | eee | SIR cB | ae? | SEU | Hig Bl EGG EE EES ile e Bee fie GSR Be Ne aee Re Uae Bs fie GH (2 2a (BER TS 32 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS ‘TABLE CB-4.41 [BAFFLE OR SUPPORT PLATE THICKNESS. Dimensions in inches (re) Pate Thickness ‘Uasupporied tube length between central bales End spaces baween Nowina Shall 1D “ubeshoots and bales ao nota conser, T2G0) | Over 12 | Overze | Overs | Over4s | Over60 arc lince| hic 24} iain | wia}igae | 219G00] ses) ac (824 riche | were | wekere | wise ae on pee fine phe 25-28 eran [oie alia fea se (ene ts 3 2 cane tis 8 fre foarasen [v/a fea) [17a faa) [s/" lo5) er to0_eaazeea [1/4 (ea) [3/8 9s) |r/2 dan|ere Lisa |s/e her) [sa_ to) S ‘R442 LONGITUDINAL BAFFLES, ‘Longtusinal baffles sha not be less han 1/4 (64 mm) nomial metal thickness. (©8-4.42 LONGITUDINAL BAFFLES Longtucina carbon stel alles sha not beless than 1/4 (6.4mm nominal meta Longitucna oy bales shall ct be les than 1/2 mm) nominal metal thickness. [RCB-4.49 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS ‘Special consideration shouldbe geno: (1) Befies an suppor plates subjected o pulsations {@) Bates ae suppor plates engaging finned tubes. (©) Longtucina bates subjecod to large diferent pressures due to high shel side ud presure drop. (4) Support of tube bunds when anger closrances alowed by RCB-4.< aro used, [RCB-A.5 SPACING OF BAFFLES AND SUPPORT PLATES RCB-4.51 MINIMUM SPACING ‘Segmecal bales normaly shoud not be spaced closer than 1/5 of the shal ID or 2 inches {Bi my, weicheve is grote However, spect design lone ray cca closer Soachg RCB-4.52 MAXIMUM SPACING Tube lus shel be so space hat he unauppores ube span doesnot exceed the Take Radi ate ne SFr tne tae maar cos ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 33SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B TABLE RCB-452 [MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED STRAIGHT TUBE SPANS. Dimensions in Inches (mm) [rave Materials and Temperature Lins F (°C) earn Sel igh Aly Stat 780, [Aum &Aariga i a” Set Hah Aor eoner Cop Rye Tea rerco [Bima noeeg | Reeeticant ete Keeeeetenico = ea eras SE oem Ee = z GE 2 28 He i 3 HG 2 2 2 é Ae ‘ei & é nage é 3 As = fee ve (Aine muro rrr al nce SE EE a ease iebcrd aotusieracenir cetera oma eb al vn dant a susiamncamtalmeait wifipe nt totes ote: jameson ini Terms rere gr se RA? dao on em aera ei |RCB-4.59 BAFFLE SPACING ty ett uy pig tr tag, Yen Cee a ee a ee a Sebepehas oats sis satay eo RCB-4.54U-TUBE REAR SUPPORT “Te suppor plates or afl aacent othe bonds In U-tube exchangers shall be 0 located ‘ToL ean Invi ban, the sum ofthe bond ameter lu he ght lengths eased Sota bangs om ure ond tages See rt een ho rasp Spurtdetormied tom Paragraph RCS-4 3. Where bend dameters revert compliance, ‘Peck provone madden ts tho above shallbe made for suppor othe bands. RCB-4.55 SPECIAL CASES ‘When pulsating condos ae specie by he purchase, unsupported spans sal be ra ete cores penn tine sade tae creyrancesepeoaches ‘Rotaahtan pelted by Seragraph RGB-< Se, cnetaraton sous be onto aerate evarangerors wich we pr sbrr spat unehe ue eee op RCB-4.56 TUBE BUNDLE VIBRATION hal side flow may produce exctation forces which result in destructive tube vibtions era ac rch ardatons are nadequat oar ha any gon design vl be rs of ochdaage Te wdrwaby oan frre aed tne mates, unpre ube spans tube flyout, She dame, tnd toute coniguation. Secion 6 these St a4 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R CB SECTIONS Igtond to alot the designer to potent ration problems, In any cas, ard content with Paragraph 8, the ranuiacture nat eeponetle or table for any deck, de or ‘Consequoniia Sarages resin fom vation. [RCB-4.6 IMPINGEMENT BAFFLES AND EROSION PROTECTION. “The flowing paragraphs provide imtatlons to prevent or minimize erosion of tube bundle ‘Components tthe orrange and ox seas, These imtatons have no avalon foe bation nd he signer should reterto Section or formation garding ths phenome FRCE-A61 SHELL SIDE IMPINGEMENT PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ‘An impingement ite, or other means to protect the ube bund against impinging i, ‘habe povided when entrance Ine values lp exceed te allowing: nor-abasv, single hase Rus, 1500 (232), al oer leu, using equ ats boling pot, 500 (744). For Petar gases and vapors ndulhg al nominal Satuated vapors arias upor ‘moaures, impingement preteen I equ. tthe ner velo a the Run eet par ‘so0ond (eters per second) and is ts deny in pounds per cub foot legrams pa cube ‘mata. A propery designed disor may bo used o reduce Ine voles at shel esrance. “RCB-4.62 SHELL OR BUNDLE ENTRANCE AND EXIT AREAS In. cas sal tho shel or bundle eeranca or ot area produce a value of p/’*in excess of ‘100 (6883) where the nar veloc othe fd net per second metre per second) nds ts donszyn pounds per cube foc ktograms pr cubic ret. *RCB-4.621 SHELL ENTRANCE OR EXIT AREA WITH IMPINGEMENT PLATE ‘When an impingement plats provided, the fw area shal be considered the \eniite area beter the ewe dame a the shal at he raza nd ho face of the impingement plate *RCB-4.622 SHELL ENTRANCE OR EXIT AREA WITHOUT IMPINGEMENT PLATE. Fergetominng near alate for tow athe ewance goto ashe where ‘hore io Imphgomet pla, he Row area betwaan the tubes win the projet {he morse bore ad the Sil Unrestricted rag Now are ror under the nezle or ‘dome measured batwoon the ube bundle an sha nate damr may bo ‘onder *RB-4623 BUNDLE ENTRANCE OA EXIT AREA WITH IMPINGEMENT PLATE Wen an impingement lt proved under a nazz, the Sow area sel ete Uivensced ara tase he bce wah fs comparinars aon bass a/or Meshoat *R}CB-4.624 BUNDLE ENTRANCE OR EXIT AREA WITHOUT IMPINGEMENT PLATE For detaining the area aval for fw athe eran ot oat ofthe tube bundle ‘here toreis Ro Impingement plate the Rot aoa between the tubes wit the ‘ompartments betwoor bates andr tubeshot may be Conseed. ACB.4.63 TUBE SIDE ‘Coralderaton shal b given othe need fr special devioes to prevent erosion ofthe tube Sd under te flowing condone (_) Use ofan axa int naz. {@} que" noxcaes of 6000 (528), whores theinoarvelocty in fet per second (meter por seccnd), and pis ts deny In pounds per cube foc klograms per ele RCB-47 TIE RODS AND SPACERS. “Tiros an pacers other equvlnt means of yng the be system ogee, shal bo ove rainal anavrs Batis and tube Suppor pasts Seca Postion. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 35SECTIONS ‘MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B 4.71 NUMBER AND SIZE OF TIE RODS Table f-471 shows suggested te roo count and diameter for various sizes of host exchangers, the 3 or number ane cametr wih ecuelet ea oro Se peetssive, however no ewer han toute and no cametr esa hen 3/6 {Stn} shal be wood Any bale sogmat requires a marimar of tee pont 0! suppod. TABLE R471 ‘ie ROD STANGARDS ‘binersions ninches (rn) Woninat a shel Semester Diameter | Number of Tie Rods, os (eae eH 7 se ge G $ te ve We 8 Seas 24 12 We 6 8:0 (aise 2 We % ero {ise 5/8 (8 2 (€B-471 NUMBER ANO SIZE OF TIE RODS Table C8-471 shows ti rod count and ante fo vious sizes of heat, chart, ter nator rmber ard oar wheat al rea re pertaibe. however, no ler than our rode, and no Gareta lese a 9/8 {Gsm} shal be used above 18 ich (88) nominal shal lamer. Any bale sgn {equres a marimum of three points of support TaBLe ce-471 TE ROO STANDARDS merions res fm) Nori “ieRod —|_ Miaimon ‘nat Darter Slimer [ampere Roos 15 ve 7 8 we 83 é $3 12 (2 8 2:3 ve fe: 8 o8 a % 10 fa bss % /RCB-4.8 SEALING DEVICES in acton tothe fe, seang eves shod be aes hen neces to pret ace eesti rage te nde Sealing Sevens may be el Si fa ods win Sco Sany des or orate of hese. cB. KETTLE TYPE REBOILERS For katte type rebolers, skid bars and a bun hold down may be provided. One metho is shown Infigure ACB-4a. Ot ich say te iter re Bocepable. Bur held downs re for fed tubeshoet tes 36 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS FIGURE ACB-49 ‘CROSS-SECTION END VIEW OF TUBE BUNDLE AND SHELL ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 37SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-S FLOATING END CONSTRUCTION RCB-6.1 INTERNAL FLOATING HEADS (Types S and 7) 5.11 MINIMUM INSIDE DEPTH OF FLOATING HEAD COVERS For mutipass floating head covers the nse Gepth stall be such tha the minimum one arene tow Sena anges eee ste ana ‘toa ivough ine tubes of ove pass. For single pat Heating head covers he depth at Nazae ‘ertrine thal bea minimum of oneshd Me aide Gamaterefthe race, (C8.5.11 MINIMUM INSIDE DEPTH OF FLOATING HEAD COVERS For mutipsss fting head covers th nade dapth eh be uch tha the minimum ‘raat over avea fo tow betweon succense le passos fat ast equal fo the flow area ‘rouge tes of one ps. For single pass hong head covers the cepth et raze. ‘bean of on Ma fh ide dame enone RCB-5.12 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT Fabricated Noating head covers shal be postwld heat weated whe requrd by the Code Spoon by the purchaser. ACB.5.19 INTERNAL BOLTING “The material of construction for xara being fr Rosting heads shal be stable forthe chanical dea and Ser covosion reson fo te meters eae esa RCB-S.14 FLOATING HEAD BACKING DEVICES “Te material of construction for spit ings or othe intemal floating head backing devices sha ‘be eguvslent in coroton restanico tothe rate Used forthe shal srt RCB-S.141 BACKING DEVICE THICKNESS (TYPE S) “To required thickness of ating hea backing dees sha be determined by the ‘Biogas er mnmarn Reznosssowhin igus RS a, ig we ‘hasinas lo gratont, BENDING cw acnyer9)'* Far grye’®. [3 ¢222]"r0? 7 [Spee mic 7 =[SOICI) 10% mm (eer) Ze we [| se 7 -[20220207)" Foy sie 8 20 HOY) 99 (Pease rehee wore 7 = [2 REO) 102 mem Shean moss hes Mente = TCE mm wae WATTS wore ‘Ax fing 00, ches (en) = Bosgn ot lad (ask Code Aen B= Asshow ng y= FromGode Fig 271 wing k= 478 CBS 41, inches (ren) C= Balt rele, nches (rim) = Tubosheot 00, inches (mm) = (C~B)/2,\echas (om) Greater oT ot inches (mm) 38 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B. ‘SECTION 5 |S Cove sonable stessin Sy, = Sof backing Hin, pi (kPa) toncion (sing shal design S,, = Sof split key Hing, pa Pa) temperature), psi (WPa)—S,* Sof tubesheet, pl (Pa) 5.0.85 psi (a) Notes 1 A lerences above are to ASME Code Section Vil, DNilon 1. 2. Cauton: For ye", "B* 8D check hekneesin shear ofthe tubesheet Sue Su 28. Caution: Style“ check hichnessin shear ofthe ubesheet Su < Sy, See Figure ACES. 141 frustration of suggested eyes. Other eyes are permis, FIGURE ACB 5.141 ih 3/8195) rasa) wn eur won, py OPO (un) /32°l(o8) Se Ad ancue=e8) (08 RAD) MN, 75: (1.3 RAD) Ma SIVUE “A” sme "8° we Ly oro souo rc Ff flag?” nee is y Try iy Zz a) "0" TEN —_ STE "C” ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 39SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-S.15 TUBE BUNDLE SUPPORTS ‘nana removabe shel cover lize, paral suppor pls orcas suitable means, shall be provided tg support ne Neti head re ote tbe bundle. a plates used, the ‘tsdinogs shal aunt or excoed the suppor pate hchness specie Table Fe 1 or (Goat as applicable or uneoppoced ube feng ovr 60 thes (1524 mm) RCB-S.16 FLOATING HEAD NOZZLES “The floating head nozzle and packing box fora single pase exchanger sha comply withthe Teaurements of Paregrapes HOSS 21, AOS 5.22 and CBS. 28, RCB-6.17 PASS PARTITION PLATES The nominal thickness of foating hoa pass prions sl be Hertical to those shown in ROS Sor nana sro bones [RCB-S.2 OUTSIDE PACKED FLOATING HEADS (Type P) [RCB-5.21 PACKED FLOATING HEADS. “The cndricalsurtace packed floating heed ubecheots an skis, wherein coact wah lig Inco owas ter arson cat be grea to mache ih asso RCB-5.22 PACKING BOXES ‘machine ish sl based on the lor packing Box wore he ating ness of ‘azele pasces tough packing of brad nator i asd, 2 mirsmorn of ee ings faced hal bane 5078 0a anim Seg renae ond mn tins sna be used or 200 PS (2060 KPa) mastmurn deagh prseure. Pox pressures oss than 150 681 (1094 ka) tomportures blow 300" (148" Cand non-hazardous sen, ‘ewer ings of pacang may be used Figure RCS-522 and Table RCB5.22 show typical (tals a dimensions of Packing axes 40 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS Figure RCB-522 PACKING GUND PACKING 80x 9 230 Pskz068 We) Zc ZA 130 esui0se 10) A O77 SO ie. fos) wax epee Design Sesed On Seuore Pocking of Oe Stole ries Peck, Meters Operon, nd Sop My Be Used ‘TABLE RCB-522 ‘TYPICAL DIMENSIONS FOR PACKED FLOATING HEADS 150 P6(1094 KP) AND 300 PS(2068 KPa) WITH 600°F (316° C) MAX. TEMP. Dimensions in nehes a BOLTS size a NO. ee | ae | melee) uel: bas ls a ee we | ae | te | iva | ise | t | ae | 8 wa | de | ie | va | ise | | | oe | BR | ¥e |e | aa) sel i | se |B He | 2 | Ae | A | BR] de | |B Be | i2 | se | ea) eel ae] : | 8 228 | ie | sis | ia | Be | ve] ot | ach | ve | aie | ate | Bae |e | ote | B& | 88 | ine | eve | ea | a | ad |e mensions in hints *TeypepTepel. Sou ze any NO_|_ SHE jean | om | ame] sao | wee | «| ate Be | 88 |e am | Be | tes | s | ite gee | o8 | nn am | Be | te | & | ie Seas | 88 | in ak | Be | te | | ite Soe | 38 | in am | Be | te | 2 | ite Soe | oe | ue He | BS | 2 | | ine faaw | iam | i429 G2 | Be | ee | = | ie tector | 12% | 199 ge | ae | ee | 2 | ie iets | 18a | trae ge | 88 | 58 | 2 | ie iaarsgee | Hes | irae se [amelie | 2 | ie "Note: Nomina size of packing Is same as dimension At ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association aSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-5.23 PACKING MATERIAL ‘Purchaser shal mateal which compatible withthe shel se process Purchaser sal becty packing atl roe [RCB-5.24 FLOATING TUBESHEET SKIRT w ‘Th loatingtubsshest skit normaly sll extend outward, When the skit must extend Tara suable method shal be used to prevent sagrait arose beton he shal se razale‘and tho ubeshot [RCB-6.25 PASS PARTITION PLATES “Te nominal hicknoss of toa head pase partons shal be ential to those shown Paragraph ACB.9.19 for channeand bonnet CB-S.3 EXTERNALLY SEALED FLOATING TUBESHEET (Type W) RB-5.31 LANTERN RING. ‘The extemal sealed foatingIubesheet sing square braided packing materials shall be sod 1 arwatr, Soom a lovestg Ot or ania servis Dean tonporature sat ot trceed 375° (181=C) Design presure sal be Imfed according to Table AES. 31 TABLE RE-5.31 MAXIMUM DESIGN PRESSURE FOR EXTERNALLY SEALED FLOATING TUBESHEETS. ‘Nominal Sha nee Diameter | Medmurn Design Pressure inches (rm) a) Pale (52510) 3. 99 e0ee) 2 ase 480 fase) ea, owe sa 8 Ge 34 Nao fies. 250) & 3 (C-5.1 LANTERN RING. “The externally esled Hosting tubashoat shal be used ony for water, tea, beating Preiilarserices“Besigntemperaire, preseur and sha darster shall belted by the Stee fin configuration, pockng maior and number ot packing ngs. toa maximum ‘Sign rosea of €00 pe (737 Ha) [RCB-6.22 LEAKAGE PRECAUTIONS. “The design shall incorporate provislons nthe later sng o that any leakage past the pecking wit ieak to atirogphere. When endos ncaa tee eg See imag snagiauminancmntoans ace cee eisencane Toonami noeszomnxne mien Sn ase peg rte wich cng hte pen in nonsstaec pesos Spock designs incorporating oer sealing devices may be used fr the appotons n See es Caer er pasa sonic ogee. rowan freak ‘otodion sha be canstired i a ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS RCB-6 GASKETS [RCB.6.1 TYPE OF GASKETS Gaskets shal be slecod which have a continuous periphery wth no aca lak paths, This sal not texoude guskots mage connuous by widing or ether methods which produoe & Pamogenoous (46.2 GASKET MATERIALS ‘Metal acted or solid mata asks shal be use for internal Noting head jl, ors for Hesslfs of 90 pa Goce KPa) and over and fora forts caract wah hyrocsreora ther ‘Sasuet mateale may be spaced by agreement between purser and marnsacturer io moet Specal sere conations ae fange design When two gasket oh are Co the. Sieben: frvelons shat be made stat oth gekascol Bt nether gael is Usha at the requred bot load, cosscaar wens se pan mu rooting oe ee gira a eo soem ec Eayanalanisnasidniecmemmareaate Buses contestation runs tea errr rine, cree ora ranean, iSipcaeien ns sean ontoars econ co a Saas ems muon sieeme tate RCB-6.3 PERIPHERAL GASKETS RC-61 The minum ih of peicher ingots a cel fs sel ba 3/8 (05 no Bole trou fe Bon rons Seno" 02 ar Best “Ie minimum wth of pepe ing gaskos er eae joints sal be 5/8" (25 rn or er tpg 2 oe Gdn noma ett a 2° (127 tf al rg {3 Ss "Eales gost sha be ued Tora cat ron anges. nce.6s2 Th mun we of perp ng aaa fora sabe (4 efor a Ress Peripher! gasket cortac suaces shal havo atness trance of 1/2" (08 mn) ‘rarimum Gevetlon fom any reeence pane, This mbm devatin shal Ret occur nes fane20°(3Fad) sre ceen anes of ket contact sutaces sallbe suficint o moa the equemerts of Parguoe RSS [RCB-0.4 PASS PARTITION GASKETS. “The width of gasket wo fr ons of chanel, bonnets, an foating heads shal be nctess Taf Pein torshl os rough 25ochos (4 rn) real Gaetan notes han 578 5 my fora gr shal S228. F.8.5 GASKET JOINT DETALS. ‘Gaskeed jis shal be of corned yp ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 3SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B (CB-6.5 GASKET JOINT DETAILS ‘Gasket ait sabe of confine or unconfined type. FIGURE RCB-€5 — a Ccontines Gash: Uncontinad Gasket For mensions and tolerances, 90 Figure F:3 VLLZZZD Contned Gasket ‘SPIRAL WOUND GASKET WITH OUTER METAL RING. RCB.6.6 SPARE GASKETS Unless spectcally stated ciherwise, spare gaskets includ ony main body fange gaskets. 4 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B RCB-7 TUBESHEETS, RCB-7.1 TUBESHEET THICKNESS |RCB-7.11 APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS AND LIMITATIONS. Sueljante NCS troup ROB. 28 te apc. wh trations meen Se ee eae " ExSQAE To denn cotter hoe (1 Sg aed rose are wena sop ft TEMA Mechanical Snr, Paragraph (2) Tue tosubeshest joins are expanded, welded or othervie constructed such as » Thecivay conte fo th support te tubeseets excep Use bechens) (@) Tubes are untormly dstbuted (n arg utube areas) ‘Avoorma constion of supporto foading are constered Spec Cases, and ae defined in Afragraph RCO: wich eerence, hon perinnt,h subsoguer paragraph, RCB-7.12 EFFECTIVE TUBESHEET THICKNESS, cpl eae by Paraaphs AC8.7121 ant 12, tale edhe knee ‘halle the this meas atthe bitom othe ube de pass Faron groove aor Shall nota ae groove min corenonstowanca exons i roe opts [RCB-7.121 APPLIED TUBESHEET FACINGS “The thickness of pp facing materia shall ot be ined in the mieimm or ‘Tete tabeshest knoe [RCB-7.122 INTEGRALLY CLAD TUBESHEETS “The tices of Casing mater in ietgray dad lates and lading deposte ‘eid ay be added ihe eteave Woosnon acess 0 lowes Coe, [RCB-7.13 REQUIRED EFFECTIVE TUBESHEET THICKNESS “Te requied efectvetubothoet thickness for any type of host x shal be detorrined Toh ISomiseperegrgne tr Sth eo eer seconds, corse or cored, lg whshov neers reat Bat beredat aed apecheet vote came thickness unless the provions of Paragraph ROBT 168 are -7.191 MINIMUM TUBESHEET THICKNESS WITH EXPANDED TUBE JOINTS ‘i. case shal the total thickness minus corrosion alowance, nth areas to which typos re tobe expanded) of any tubeshoe be ees han the euaids ameter of tubes. Ino case sha te ota tuberhaet thcloes, eluding corosion allowance, beloss| tans/a (iam (67.191 MINIMUM TUBESHEET THICKNESS WITH EXPANDED TUBE JOINTS, {Inno case shall ta ttal thickness minus corrosion alomanc, nthe ars ito which {Woosare tobe expanded, cf any uneshee! be less fan twee fourths ofthe ube ‘use dmaterortues of 4 mm) OO and emer, 7/8222 men for /¢ {Bt GB. ror 2 BOA I) OD. or EMM re OB 187.191 MINIMUM TUBESHEET THICKNESS WITH EXPANDED TUBE JOINTS. Inno cave al he hicks rns corosnslowanoe nth ares ro which ‘nga aisha dnundad Stary idole antec ctheine Sane eet Parmar Moen EP aetey BSP ce a ie nn beset noes elldng corosonsiowance Bs Restanaye tat me ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 45ECTIONS ve (MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R CB 192 TUBESHEET FORMULA - BENDING re fF TVaS T= Efectvetueshoot thickness, Inches (mm) “5 = Code ilowable stress In tension, pl kPa, for tubeshest mater at design ‘etal temperatures (Se0 Paragraph RCB:1.42), For outside packed floating head exchangers (Type), shal be as dined in Paragraph ROS-7 14%, pal a). For packed eating end exchangers wth anar ing (yp Wo the losting ubusheet,P shall be as Geined in Paragraph RCB.7 142. pl (2), For fed tubeshost exchangers, hal be ss defined n Paragraph [ACB 163, ROB-7 168 or R715, ps a) For ether type exchangers, Psa be the desln pressure, shal sige or tube sie, coetted for vacium when pecan onthe opposite se orders precaure when spectad by th purchaser, ps 6 For Utube tubesnoats (Type U), where te ubeshost is edended asa flange or Boting to heads or sels with ng ype gaskets, =P, PL or Py Ps depending upon the side under consideration, where Pye cat nese nr ep eco ee ge edt cata iocrtorsoeies Deen niet, See erasers Eieomeemnnrutenegace ecetarncce abet geoe ten aoc ne ore Py -Pe oper, oP=P, shal be ether nthe corroded or uncorroded condtion, dependent upon wich conan js under consideration, Forfex tubeshoot exchangers, C shal be the shel inside ameter. For ket ype exchanges, shall be the port ise damter For any foating tweesheet excopt died), C shal be the G used forthe stationary tubesheet using the Pas define for oer type exchangers. Type Ttubesheets sha alo be checked using the pressure P dened above ith boting and using the actual gasket Cf the foating tubeshoet 6 = [Fore dived floating tubeshoot, shall be 1.41() whore dis the length o the shortest span measured over cerierines of gaskets, For other ype exchangers, shall be the clametr, inches (nem, over wich he pressure under consideration acting. (e.g Pressure acing onthe gasketed ie oe tubeshee C= the clmetor athe locaton of tho gasket oad reaction as detain the Code. Pressure acing on an ogra side of atubeshet. = the inside lameta fhe opal pressure part) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B. SECTIONS for square orotate square tbe patos _0.907 FF rant ores Mangere pats For eegraly one tubes, the 00 othe tube nthe tubeshest shall be sod Fe;urpuonois beset (eg Utube tubeseets gasketed bath For suppers ubeshects (9: aod tubgshoos and oat Siete) Gacketad bo sides TS eames For unsupported tuesheots (ete ubesheats) tage vith ether Erato sha bo tw vale Gnarined by tne cares FS" stopated Steeneets eg: fad behost and fsbeshaeis| ekegea wan efter orth een shal boo ae Seterraned bythe cove Hn Figue ROB? 132, FIGURE RCB-7.132 120 880 Wl key ata Forage! Toes NOTE: he tubeshoc is rtogral wh both the ube se and hal te, ‘Wal tgaron anIB we tobe bed onthe ade ying ‘Se Table RCB 7.192 or station ofthe application othe above equations. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association arSECTION 5 MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B TABLE RCB-7.192 "TOBESHEET THICKNESS FOR BENOING Pa a : : arene ae Serena peor wren” eect cca » = face | apres. ow, fevvow: seams | ERERRESS om * Soren [ogg fewer [oemme ery oe eae oe Sppcehe side oeerentil aot ry eaecm lee ase 2. See none 1 7 Sas Se “Es ear |S ‘Table RCB.- 7.132 continued not page 48 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS TABLE RCB-7.132 (Contrues) etsae [TN fade arate ep ape, Pngack net a spect soores lenin ‘einer gas gay ‘ae aed wy Exes Frere Noes: 1 Gasket G ~the clameter tthe location of the gasket oad reaction as dined inthe Code. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 49ECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B 1NCB7.139 TUBESHEET FORMULA -SHEAR 991 2) r (E 0a) whore T= etocvetubeshest thickness, inches (rm) 4a ~42~ ccutvaert ameter of the ube cone lit perimeter, inches © tem) Dm (C= Pecmetr ofthe tube ayouk measured stepwies in increments of one ‘ube pth tom centecto-coner of te otermest tubes, ches (mn). Hare Rca 16 rows apc typal Yana nd care FIGURE ACB-7.129 + €*(peimete isthe length oth heavy tine A™ Totaarea enciose by paimeterC square ines (rem 2) y= Outside tube camer, inches (in, or tepralfaned tubes, the OD of thetube nthe tubochoat shal bo used. ‘ich = Tube conterto-cter spacing, inches (rm) For outside packed floating head exchangers (Type P, shal be as tne in Paragraph RB. 14, ps! WP). P= |Foctiad tubesheetexchangor, P shal be as defined in Paragraphs hoe. 68, RCD 64 or ACB? 168, pl MPa) For ther type exchangers, P shal bo the sign pressure, pl Pa), Sha sige or ube ide, coreced for vacuum when present on the oppoete side, crema presoure when spectod by he purchaser, 5+ Code alowabie stross in tenon ps! kPa, or ubeshost matrl at ‘Seagn moll omperatre. (See Paragraph RCB-142) NOTE: Shear wilnatcoritl when 2 a.) §<16(1-pren) ‘See Table RCB-7.189 fr Mutation ofthe application athe above equations. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS TABLE RCB-7.133, TTUBESHEET THOWESS FOR SHEAR, [ds ~Oaicenne samen [PUch = Tow ouang, [5 ~Cade owe enn pate Jmccunerincar | naan a Fe eae Scars i SESEREE Soon eevee obo cree & P Di o Dason pers el al sal Seo ibe ‘oreci To vacuo present on +e Sareea sete - = Basen pre, pa Way, alae oriaie [c= rere Bcoteced tor vasa wen preset on Scud wpe ee oe Sis cee =<" Sane. a E> Beers @ econ pressure, pel (a). sel aide or tobe fs “Fs ‘TABLE RCB-7.195 Continued next page ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 5ECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B “TABLE RCB-7.199 Continued Dasign pressure, pl Pa Becmscid ioe snus wen present on paste sd, o clferential peste when -(8) Ba por pla) Spear —|o~ eemeetatn oe Reemraia sees |" cose Seeceatmpeees a seiner =o Srey tren |.~ cw monte bese Declan pressure, shat ade orube osu pa a), apa oie Soposke Se or ero pressure wren | specied by customer Design pressure, pl KPa, tube ste, coroctod a 4 ee 22 ey Dated Paragraph ROB-7.1412 2 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS RCB-7. 194 TUBESHEET FORMULA. TUBESHEET FLANGED EXTENSION ‘rl argaph sap cei when ot as ae vansmted he ot oo pee fa ubeshet Tho perp porn exenaes to tm a of sale wh tng toe cheap dernier orth orion ete ne caleataa im Pargraph Se minora tc of ie stered porson maybe calculated om the flowing paragraph [RCB-7.1941 FINED TUBESHEET OR FLOATING TUBESHEET EXCHANGERS wetoteane aay” WS Gao 188 were TT, Minimum thickness of he extanded portion, aches (rim) ‘A Ousid dlametr of he tbeshest, Inches (ram) 4 rf = tholarger of or Ms 9 defined in Paragraph RCB-7. 162 Not: The moments may dif rom the momsnts acting on the stached flange S and G redefine n Paragraph RCB7.192 [RCB-7.1942 U-TUBE TUBESHEET EXCHANGERS MesM+099 PG? w were 7+ Mimum thoes he een proces (en) urtrot(%)-Me-0.00ure? e+] 1 hecve betes ihe ced Kom Paraganh ROD ae ws On) (a-6) Sama A= thelargr of Mor Mas dened nParganh ROB. 182 Nate The meen ay fromthe mami acting onthe tached tage Gan nare deed n Paragraph ROBT 132 P= Por, ormaximu orn prover a ppc Not: Sue Paragraph ROB-7.942 fr rood wee Standards O1 The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 53ECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R.CB RCB.7.13421 ITERATIVE CALCULATION METHODS Method 1 (0) Calouate Mt assuming 7, = 7 (2) Caleuate Phen P trom Paragraph RCB-7.12 (6) Caleiato 7 tom Paragraph RCB.7.132 (4) Caleate tom Paragraph ROB.7.142, (©) Compare T and 7; # Tis greater than 7, calation fe terminated. Use, caleuated. Donat proceed 10 Step (6) (6)1°7 i greater than T, or fits decd 0 recuoe below , select a now ati ot T/T that sess than 1 and repeat Stops (1) through (6) (Note: 7/7 ratiots cleulated using actual corroded thickness othe part) Method 2- (ALTERNATIVE METHOD) (seats =a (2) CaleulsteP, then P trom Paragraph RCB.7 152 (9) Caletate 7 trom Paragraph ROB.7.192 (4) Caleutate 7, tom Paragraph ROB.7 1942 (6) Recalculate A= = ~ fusing vals o ae obtained i Steps (8) and 4) and ‘88 dofoad In Paragraph RCB-71942. (Note T/T must be I), {6 1t| 4+ obtained n Step (6) Is oss than | A om Step (1), calculation is ‘eeminatod. Use calculated In Sop (8). Dora proceed to Sep (7. (7) A obtain rom Step (6) is greater than| M Irom Stop (1), repeat Step @) using AM caleafatod in Stop (8). Thon repeat Sips (8) through (@ lat calculated | Mises than the previous] | used to calcu ‘calculations terminated. Use lst calculated ae tT. (0) last calouated | M|is greater than the previous | M™ | used to calete P. repeat Step (2) using last caleuated M1™ Than repeat Step (2) rough 6) {Continue ths process unt Stop (6) i said 4 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B ‘SECTIONS |RICB-7.14 PACKED FLOATING TUBESHEET TYPE EXCHANGERS EFFECTIVE PRESSURE. [RICB-7.141 OUTSIDE PACKED FLOATING HEAD (TYPE P) “The thickness of tubeshoats n exchangers whose eating heads are packod tthe putea gamete o! he tubeshea ora cynical extension tnrod! shal be calcuates ‘ee Sttionarytabechocts ain hs trmdlos tor Pas dtnod elon. [RCE-7.1411 EFFECTIVE DESIGN PRESSURE - BENOING “The ecv dsan presi to be used wh the forma how in Paragrach Ree Saal ower by porn EB 30=03] DG vier "= Das press pl Ps). tbe sido (Forvacuandeogn Ps eos) P= Design pressure, pl (Pa) shel side (For vacuum design, PIs nagatve) eee | eqaaton tata o he be crt nt pitches (erm), using Aas deinod In Paragraph ROB 133, Fan are 8 defined in Paragraph RCB-7.122 icos..na GFFECTWE EDOM PEALE SEAN tot design pressure to be used wth tho formula shown n Parsgraph ROSTaaS chee Brea pore (2) sing oss tine n Pargragh ACB. 48, 'ROB-7.142 PACKED FLOATING TUBESHEET WITH LANTERN RING (TYPE W) “Tha thickness foating tubeshossn exchangers whose floating ubeshoats are [rela aie cutie damoter ten borat or eranne bole tothe sh fange, shall be calcula as or gasketed stalorary tubesheet exchangers using? ‘etn as tho tube ede design pressure, pal KP), coected for vacuum when ‘recent on he shal ee. is ncoreattouaize tha shel sie pressure [RCB-7.15 DOUBLE TUBESHEETS ‘Double tuasheets maybe Used where the parting condition nds the desaby. ‘Fhe ceraty of sonardcton tes makes kmeracteal fo spety design rules fr al cases Paragraphs AGB ou ROS 18 and ACB Tee pro he eso Rs fo eter {he tacknees of doudls tubeehess fr some lth reat commonly used constuction pes RCB-7.161 MINIMUM THICKNESS ‘Nethar component fa double 1ubeshoe shal have a thicknesses than that requred Heras Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 55ECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R.CB RCB-7.162 VENTS AND DRAINS. ‘Double tubeshaats of the edge welded type sal be prowded wi vent and dain ‘onneclons athe Righand lw pols ofthe enclosed space RCB.7.153 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. \When double ubeshoet re ued, special ateruon shall be gven to the abit ofthe Tubes fo witare wero damage the mecherlel and teal leads iiposta 9 thom bythe constuction [RCE-7.154 INTEGRAL DOUBLE TUBESHEETS “Te tubeshects are connected in a manne which dstibues xa load are ra ‘Torna expansion loage between tuoesneets by moar ofan uerconnechg elment ‘pablo of preyorungindvcual radial grow ol tubeshoets tls assumed tet he Siemont fig enough to uty tater al thrmal and mochanie! ada loads [ween thefubeahests. AddRonsy as understond tat ho tubes ae gt hough ‘g matualy Wanclr sl mechanical sé rel seal leads betvoon th tuestocts, FIGURE RCB.-7.154 [ACB 7.1541 TUBESHEET THICKNESS ‘Cale the total combined tubeshoot thickness (7) per Paragraph RCB-7.18, T= Greate ofthe thickness, inches (rn), resuting om ragraphe ROB-7 "32 of ROB? 13 using the folowing Cae oto: “a Per Paragraph RCB-7.13, inches (mm), using worst casa values ‘of aal ede or ube sie ubeahosts atthe respective design temperature, Lower f the Cae alomabe stress, ps (KPa) for ether ‘component ubedhoet as respective design temperature. F = PeeParagraph RCB.7.1, using worst case values f shel se Drtube sie tubesheete a thew respecive desig tomperat, ‘other variables are per Paragraph ROB.7.13. Establish he thicknoss of each indus tubeshoot so that 5°, 2 T andthe rinium indviualtubeshest thicknesses (¢ and 2) shal be the greater of Paragraphs ACE-7.13 or RCB.7.194, as applicable where t= Thickness of tube side tubosneet, ches (mm) a= Thickness of sl side tubesheet, inches (rm) Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS /RCB-7.1942 INTERCONNECTING ELEMENT DESIGN - SHEAR ‘Te rasa shear stress (0), ps KPa), at attachment due to diorentil heal ‘expansion of tubeshests shall nt exceed 60% ofthe loner Cod eowatlo Stross (5) of eter of the ubesheet materia othe interconnecting oloment at their respective design temperate. The soa s dined a: ett) © c= Thekness of tercomacing lament, inches (en) where yo | eeTceee nue nGatD| . Thea)? ska) (07 aa NE NGED)| tie) Fee sao (ae) ChE? GE whore [F,~ Force per unt measure eo iferenti rail expansion, t/a (iam, E,= Modulus of lastioy of tbeshect 1 at moan metal tmperatr, para) E, > Modus of Elatiohy of tubeshes 2 at mean metal temperate, pea) 2, = Costin feral expansion for ubeshost tat ean mat temperature inches inch (mmy/mm/"C) CCouticlent of thrmal expansion for tubeshest 2 at mean meal femporatr,inches/inch/ "(rman “C). AT, = Oilernce in tmperature rom ambjentcondtons to maan ‘etal emperor ubeshext 1," AT,» Bilernce in tomperatre rom amalert conan to mean ‘etl temperature or tubeshoot2,°F CC). [ROB-7.1549 INTERCONNECTING ELEMENT DESIGN - BENDING AND TENSILE “Te combine stress from bending duet fret thermal expansion of ‘Mbechents and aval tension cueto ermal expansion of tubes sal not texoeed 15 tmas the Code alowabie sess (5) othe ntercomecing element ‘Te combined toll tess ofnterconnecng element), pei WP, gen by ope, 28s S185 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association srECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B “The seed tos thea expansion cubes (0). seine Exe pues one [Ezt)ei0* (arate aF DE ANE 7 ChrAr)* Er Ae) (ora aya NELAEA) Tae ‘sins tenn cy dri era an Shooeeoopooe econo Fre 10" eM, way 2-H 08 Te bang mommet ded wy-f 2 where |My = Bending moment per unt measure acting on irtorconnecting seer, ‘dhpounds porch (ram) = Spacing beeen tubeshoets, inches (mm), The spacing between ~ fibeangetforan integral doute tubacheet se the action of sorwdaclre. Por het typos of Gouble tubesheets the minimum RGS7Aces os appicanie. 2, Cosficint of thormal expaion of tubes at mean meta temperature, Incest] "F (rune °C). Concert of thermal expansion of xerconnecting element at mean ‘metal temperature, inches ch *F(mm/mm/ °C). AT; = Difrence intemperate rom ambient condtlons to mean metal tomporatire tor tubes, "FC. Diternce rom amblant conditions to mean metal temperature for itercomecting omar, FC) _E, = Modulus of Elascty of tubes at mean metal temperature psi Pa). y= Modis of of eterconnecting element at mean metal lomperatr, pal Ar Taos scons rs lube between beets eae ches A= Tl. ots eto ores of eterconnecting deen seus inches (on re Rita force duet the dfrence in thermal expansion between tubes an elrort 1). 8 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS RCB.7.1544 TUBE STRESS CONSIDERATION - AXIAL STRESS “The ail sesso nth tudes due to thermal expansion and pressure load stall not exceed the Code lownabe ses (5) of hetubes a design temperature The total combined stress ofthe tubes (9). sl (eP), sven by 6,7 0,4 07S Tho xt ress duo to prossur (69), pl KPa), deine as Px(Gt= Naz) Tr Greater of set side or tube side design pressure Pe), G+ PerParagraph RCB.719,nches (nm) Number of tubes dg Tube 0D betweantubeshoets, inches (rm). “Te sess ce oil thermal expansion of tubes (673, pe! Pa), edna vy Ere on yf" 'RCB-7.155 CONNECTED DOUBLE TUBESHEETS ‘The tubesheats ae connected in a manner which dstbutes axl oad between ‘Ubeshaas by mags of an nterconnecing eynger Tho feet othe dierent ada {roth betwen ubesheeta sa marae nti asaes ad spating betwee, {ibeshaes tis assumed the inerconecting Cyne and tubes af gd enough fo Imutualy Wars" al mechanical and thom tal lds batwoon hs tbeshots 2 FIGURE RCB-7.165 |ACE-7.1551 TUBESHEET THICKNESS Calculate te toa combined tubesheet thickness (7) por Paragraph RCB7.13 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 59SECTIONS: MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B whore ‘T+. Greater ofthe thickness, inches (nm), resting trom Pareorapns RGSS or RCW 7135 using varios as ned In Paragraph Roe ris Establish the thicknes of each individual tubeshee so that 5°, 2 andthe ‘minum inva! tubeaheetinickness (and) sal be the grate of Peragraph RCB.7.13 or RCB7. 124, whon appeable where = Thickness of ube side tubesteat, inches (re). a> Thickness of shel side msboshet,nchos (im) ‘RCB-7.1552 MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN TUBESHEETS “The minimum spacing (Inches (ren, between tubesheetsrequited to avoid ‘vertoee of tubes retin rom deren teal growth fetus {ibeshests is gen by [EE oN O2ry, d,— Tube 0D between tuboshoets, inches (mm). y= lena othe eat a mca meal tempers ps ‘r= Diet adel expansion bawoon adjacent tubeshets, ches (nm). (Masud tom contr oftubeshoot 10D) aeni(28)tasarenmsrt ww Dy. Outer tubo inches (nm) [ROB-7.1553 INTERCONNECTING ELEMENT DESIGN - AXIAL STRESS, ‘The lterconnecting elemental stress (KPa, duet he thermal ‘expansion ofthe bes shal ot exceed the Cae allowable tess (5) ofthe interconnecting element at design temperate. The waa! sess defined as wna hore _(arBT rag ATEN ErAr Es Ae) oa Er Av) Fede) orOTr-aeOT MK ErAMELA, sg (Manic) F p= (eoTe— te OTe Er AriE Ae), ¢ Than) (ErAd ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R CB. SECTIONS RCB-7.1654 TUBE STRESS CONSIDERATIONS - AXIAL STRESS. ‘The axa tosses inthe tos cto thermal expansion and pressure load Shall not axceed tne Gode abowatiosveas (5) ofthe tes af design temperature ‘Te total combined stesso tubes (ps (KPa), Is ven by ope opr SS ‘Te ax toss ce to preasre (),pl(kP), is tine as gp PMO=NA*) 0 Ta where ‘P= roster of shal side or beside daslon pressure, pl (Pa) G = Per Paragraph RCB-713, inches (rm). N= Number of bes, d= Tube 00 between tubeseets, ches (im) ‘The stress de tos theemal expansion of tubes Gs) sl KPa, is termined by: Fue on ae (ate) oy Ex 0" RCB.7.166 SEPARATE DOUBLE TUBESHEETS ubgstets reconnected on byte Ierconnectng tubes, Th tet of The: ‘ere rai growin oetwoon Woesneat ie major acon tube Sess a Spacing between ubesheets, ie assumed that no loads aro ranstrred banwoun he beatae ote u FIGURE RC-7.156 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association aECTIONS. MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B [RCB-7.1561 TUBESHEET THICKNESS ‘Calculate ube sie tubesheat hickness pee Paragraph RCB.7 19, Use ‘Sivaraties as dtd por TEMA, noglecing a Sonskeratons of shel Side design covations. Calculate shal sie tubeshoot ickness por Paragraph ACB7 19. Use ‘vals a dtiond por TEMA, nogfecing a consteratons of tube Sloe design conatons ‘RCB-7.1562 MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN TUBESHEETS “The minimum spacing (o),nces (mm), between tubeshoes equi 19 {Noid ovestios of tes suing rom deren heal growth Indi tubeshoos te gon by [agarky OV O27, /RCB-7.16FIXED TUBESHEET EFFECTIVE PRESSURE {hi paragraph she ap to exchanges hang ubeanet act bath ers ese wih or ithout a shal expansion oe xcopt as roqured or parities by Paragraph RB 3 Bosh uboshoets of aad besos! exchangers shal have the same tikes, unaas the provision of Paragraph RCT 165 ae aati. For tod ubeshest exchangers tha mutual iterdpondent loads exerted on tho Tubechoos, tubes ane chal ere ate n tame of eqelot and eflectve design pressures InPoragrapne RGB. tet tough RGB 65 for use h Peragraphe ACB Se anc FRGB-7 168, These pressures sal ls be sod (wth! ~ 1) Paragraph RCS? 22, RCB.7 28 and ACB. 25 to esseos the need for an expansion jin. The designer shal {Sear ot oe spring conor spetos by he puch. (re Pateeoh C8711 EQUIVALENT DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION PRESSURE The pressure uso drt ral evpanson, pl OP). hab: ase (%) DHT UTES Note: Algebra sgn must be eta for sen Paragraphs RCS 7.163 though FOS 7 S6S HORT ano neo ras whore re J=1.0 for shale wthou expansion ots {or shat with expansion jis. Se Note () “SMD E, ‘5, Spring rte of the expansion jot, sic N/mm) reeoasecr-oo[ 2 (8)'] (Uso the caleulted vale fF or 10, whichever reste.) and Ge 9s defined in Paragraph FCB. 182 2 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS {T= Tubeshoot thickness used, but not ess than 98% ofthe grter othe vases efined by Paragraph RCB.7 132 or RCE. 135. (Tho value sumed n eval. ‘ting, must match to final computed value within a taleranceof= 15) See Note (2 |. Tube length batwean inner tubesheet faces, Inches (mm), ‘4.1 = Diora thermal growth (shel tubes), ches (rm) (See Section 7, Paragraph T-45) 1L,= Tube lengt between outer tubeshoet aces, inches (ns). Estic mec ofthe shel mstralat mean metal temperate sl (Pa). (Soe Paragraph ROS-1431). See Note 2) Este macau ofthe tbe mater t mean metal temperature, si kPa). (See Paragraph ROB. 1432). .E = Elastic meds fhe tubeshoot mato at neon met! temperature, ps (Ga). (S00 Paragraph RCE. 432, Number of tubes he sh (Ouside diameter othe shel or por for ketetype exchangers, ches (na (Outside damtr of the tubes (or togrally fed tubes root ameter ot fr, neha (rm), t= Tie wat tekness (or inegraty toned tubes, 6 wal hikes unde ‘oches (re) = Shot wal Bkness, inches (mn) Notes: (1) Fan be assured qual 0260 fr shes wih expansion joints whore tee TOL Tubeaheot thicker than computed are pamissisle proved ner shel nor tubes (© se orotonted See Paragoph 8CB.T (0) For Ketie ype, Eat BEIT TD Dy DTP Uh FD DAD TAD) whore Egy ~ Elaptle modulus of th sal materi t moan meta temperature, pst (ia): ee Porgraph RCE 4), = Tube length betwoen inner tubeshoet faces, inches (rm). _L, = Lent of kete por eyinder, inches (nm). Tp = Kate por cylinder thickness, inches (mm) _D = Mean clameter of te port cynde, inches (mn). Lig Langth of Keto cy, nches (ne). T= Kat ylnder thickness, inches (im), D4 ~ Mean clameter of kettle cinder, inches (nm). Le = Atl ongh of kat cone, Inches (ri). Te Keto cone thickness, ches (rm). RCB-7.162 EQUIVALENT BOLTING PRESSURE When nes tose ae eee for ing fo nea wth tho ype gaskets, he ‘xtenson and tat potion tthe uboshoats ree th intresnes, {Fhe oxeroton shal be designed in accordance wit Paragraph ROBT 24, Theelct Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 63SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS F.C B cof the mament acting upon the tubeset extension shall be accourtod or in Suosequart paragraphs intro ellen tube side and shal ste balling pressures which ae dtined as 6.2 My = 62 My re > F and G are detines In Paragraph ROB. 132 1M, = Total momen acting upon the extension under operating conditions efned bythe Code as under flange design int pounds (rem KN). \M..= Total moment acting upon the extension under bating up condtlons, detined bythe Code as unde ange design neh pounds (rm 4 = Equivalent bting pressure when tube side pressure acting. pl (kPa) P 4 = Elquvalent bolting presure when tube side pressure i not acting. sl (Pe) RC8-7.169 EFFECTIVE SHELL SIDE DESIGN PRESSURE “The tfc el side desi pressures tobe taken as tho greatest absolute valu of olatong: pe vere r s-ror((! i -[e sos? Kas F0-[(% re ~ hal ide design pressure, pl kPa) (For vacuum design, Ps negate). no neat _D, = Maximum expansion oi inside camer, Inches (nm) (D, = when no ‘expansion joints presen Other symbols ae as defned under Paragraphs ROB-7.161 and RCB-7.162 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS Notes: (0) Nostra sign of, * must be used above, and must be retained for use Paragraphs RCB-7 164, CB? 168, ACB? 168, ROB7.22 and RCB.7.2, (2) Wen J = 0, formulae continng wl nt conta. {@) Delete to term 2 nthe above formulae for use in Paragraph ACB. 129 (4) Forkete type, © = port nede camer RCB-7. 164 EFFECTIVE TUBE SIDE DESIGN PRESSURE ‘The aleve tube side design pressures tobe thetaloning jon a the greatest abcoue value of Peas, 2 Pays Pe . wen», is postive Poo Pes Pathe z ore Pao, vere pony] LIOAIKCLSY po | TT P= Tube se design pressure, ps (kPa) For vacuum design, negative). we] = tl tt se to xyes wes le inde WCB earinat fe mn fe Notes: (\) Algebra sign of 7,” must be used above, and mus be retained for us in Paragraphs ROB-7. 65, ROB. 165, RCB.7 22 and RCB.7.23. hon J 8) Formulge containing P wit ct conta 2) When P, and Pare both postive the llowing formu is cotrling reroll) {@) Delete the tom 5, nthe above formulae for use n Paragraph RCB-.123. (8) Forkettetype, © = por ini ameter. RCB-7.165 EFFECTIVE DIFFERENTIAL DESIGN PRESSURE Under cara ceumstancas the Cade and ates reguistory bodies permit design on tha basis of smutaneous aston of th shal and ibe ie prossures. Tho sce ‘teresa design pressure for fxd tuesheate undo" such creumsiances so be {alien asthe gresteat abelut val of fe folowing ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 6ECTIONS: MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B Perea Py sy op Pen Pa Pat Pe z Para Pathe or pa Eee 1nd Pre as dened in Paragraphs RCB-7.161, 1CB.7.163 and RCB.7 168, (0) tis not pemissise to use P.— P,) in place of to caleuate snaragigon Reb ais ot pameaieee(P, 30 lace o to calcite Pn Paragraph ACB? 168 (@) When J @ the formulae containing P wil nat controk (@) Delete the tems and», inthe above formulae fo use in Paragraph RCB-7.133, RCB-7.166 FIXED TUBESHEETS OF DIFFERING THICKNESSES “The ules presertd n Paragraphs RB-7.161 through ROB.7.165 and RCB-7.2 are inerded or hed tubes exchangers where both tubeahoets are the Sie iene. Cone can vat ners apopraa oe eros ‘of ceringcnessos These condone may fit fom sigtieanty daring lets mad and/or lowatle sreeses The fouowing prosecure may be ‘tod for such eas! (8) Separate th design parameters as detne n previous paragraphs for teach ubesheet sytem by assgnng subsea “and B to each ol to {allowing trms: TasT ants Lap yand Ly where, Ly* 20 Fas sand Es Fe a8 F oad F, Note: The vals of My Ma. F.G OL. Ly: Dastevtys iE ys aN and S, ust remain constant throughout this eras. a fod {Ubeshoot exchangar has diferent biting moments a ech {ubesheet, the desgnar shoud usethe values of Mand Mth ‘predic the conservative decor: CCeicute T,per Paragraphs RCB-7. 161 through ROB-7.165 assuming that both ubechees have the properties of subscript Aand L« a 6 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B. SECTIONS (@) Caleuato 7 sper Paragraphs RC8-7.161 though ACB. 165 assuming that > bath tubesheets have the propor of subscript Bard Le =. (4) Caleuate ,and Las follows: Tek-T eT, [ef byn2k-Ly (6) Recalcuate per Peragraphs RCB:7.161 tough ROB. 165 using the ‘ropetes of subscript and L trom step 4 (©) Recacuste 7» por Paragraphs RCB.7 161 trough ROS. 165 using he ‘properties of subscript Bare trom step 4 (2) Repeat steps & trough 6 unt values assumed top 4 are within 1.5% of the vals calcltedin stop Stor and step Gor (@) Round T , 2nd «up to an appropiate increment and recalculate Lan Leper step (9) Cale the cht and tubo stressas a the tube to tubeshoet jit loads por Paragraph AC8.7 2 for each tubesheet system ving ts appropri Stbserpted properties Net: Th shel and ube aesses acd totwestt art oas for each lubeshee system shoud theorecaly be ideal, Smal dsfrances may rat, however, cause of rounding he calculated tubesot icknences sep Tei sess and usenet ot eas rr he {wo systems shoud be averages before comparing hece values tthe Slowable veils as casted ms Paragraph ce. ?2 Dd “* RCB.7.2 SHELL AND TUBE LONGITUDINAL STRESSES - FIXED TUBESHEET EXCHANGERS ‘Shel and tue ongtudnlstesses. which depond upon the equtalet and oectve pressures stoma Panache Acs 1h tuo acs fo sal cao ol erent ‘changers wth or witout shell expansion aes by uang ie alowing paragraph, The Gesgner Figomse teres adc Spon artim oped byt purchaser (So Panyanh Note:The frmusse and deslgn crea presented in Paragraph RCB-7-23 tough RCB-7.25, analer onthe tubes atthe periphery of tho turd, whic ae normaly the most Nghy ‘Sireesd ts "Adctional consideration of he tube sree clr tvoughou the bundle ‘may be of tres to the designer under cern condone ofoading ang or geome Soa {he Recommended Good Practoe” secon of heee Standards fox sections! formation. au Ly RCB-7.21 HYDROSTATIC TEST Hydrostatic test conions can impose excessive sholland/or tube stresses. These strossos {ar be ealeuated by subsitng te pressure ad trnpottues at Martti test fr ‘SBproprate doson a etl emporaties nt pareaphs at alow enn Feagiaphe AOS trough ACB? teeuhere apptcase RC6-7.22 SHELL LONGITUDINAL STRESS ‘The efectvelongcal shal stross i given by: Lee oa cnt opts oe » rar, te ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association orSECTIONS (MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B Note @) Not (1) Noes (1) and @) Notes (1) nd 2) Noe (1) ‘omer eymbole are as dais in Paragraphs ACB.7 16%, ACB.7 169 and ROB-7.164, using ‘Shut shat snd tubesheet thicknesses ae retaining algebra sins. Notes: (0) Hthe algebraic sign of? Is postive, ¢, = 0.5 This terms not applicable or erential pressure dosign per Paragraph CB 768 ‘A condon of cvrates salb presumid to ext when he args tno ae ofS Seep Gis alge nuee a enon he aa aoa asp eres Gedcalonae arose fcompestion st design teperere mice [RCB-7.22 TUBE LONGITUDINAL STRESS - PERIPHERY OF BUNDLE. “The maximum etectve longiudal tube stress, sl KPa, ath paiphery ofthe buns ovenby. Cr Fy Pe ct SEW TG whore cn. excopt as noted below Panes Note) ort aa Ps Note) ort Pe "Notes (1) and) ort Pa orrits Pie P 4 Notes (3) and @) orPite-Ps7 Pe Notes (1) and @) ores Pan ote (1) vane LPs Fe (iP: Ee ere Other symbols are as dlinad in Paragraphs ACS7.161,RCB.7. 169 and ROB. 164, seg ‘Sha hat and tabeshet thscnossee ae rlaning algebra sins. 68 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS: Notes: (1) tha algebraic sgn of, *is postive, C, = 0.5 This ormut isnot applicsle for dierent pressure design per Paragraph Once ries vs = ‘A condlton ot ovrsiress shal be presumed to ext when the largest postive value tS, ‘ceeds tne Code slowabie sree in tenson forthe tube material at Gosgh temperature of ‘Sos of yd tess at arose tet or when the greatest negative vale oS exceed the ‘wate compressive sees as determined in secordance wih Paragraph FCB.7 24 24 ALLOWABLE TUBE COMPRESSIVE STRESS - PERIPHERY OF BUNDLE “The allowable tube compressive stress, pel (ePa, forthe tubes atthe periphery othe bundle Benenby: vin cost Coys, ‘5, = Yield stoss pl Wa), oth tube atl the design etal enperatue (Gee Pargaph ROB 42) 1» Rad of gation oth tub, nas rin, en by. 1=0.254d,7=(da= Bi) (0 TebeO-7, ‘kt Equivalent unsupported bucking length ofthe tube, inches (nn). Thelargest, ‘value considering unsupported ube spars shall be used {= Unsupported tbe span inches () [0.8 for unsupporied spans between two tudeshosts 1c-|0.tor unsupported spans betwoon a tubesheet snd a tube suppor "for Unsupported spans Between two tube supports Factor of satay given by: F,93.28-05F, Nota: F ha not beloss than 1.28 and need not bo taken greater than 20. Cher symbols re os defined in Paragraph RCB.716% [Note:The allowable tube compressive sires shal be tte to he smalor othe Code eager gra ee tral hacen rl oro "2 ofthe caetated vas RCB-7.25 TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT LOADS - PERIPHERY OF BUNDLE igri lei eto tbesent ton. the papery ta ue Sven Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 69SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B where Pte Py Nota) orrte=Py Nett) ort Peo Py znd Pare as defined in Paragraph RCB.7 23, Other symbols are as defined in Paragraphs CB.7 161, RCB.7 163 and RCB.7.164, using he acta shel and tuboshost (rckesees. "Nota: (1) This formulas not applicable for erential pressure design per Paragranh (Ri fomul snot appa rossure desin per Paragras The alowstie ube oes fs ccs Je or ote means THRPED Ss ang too ae ‘The tube-osubeshoet joe loads closed above consider oly the fects of pressure Ios eae utnet eae care yeas Snes tnbeteen shel ang tet aro coneiderod tbe witwn sceopiale lnta the ‘euremorts of Paragraph ROB-7 23 are met RCB-7. SPECIAL CASES Special consideration must be ghan to tubesheet designs wih abnormal condtions of support or idecing, Flowing awesome pled amps fase (1) Tubesheets wth potions not adequately stayed by tubes, or wth wide untubes ns, ©) Exchanges aa tteranen shel an and ie cama og as ubehoats wih tn sh 1 Tes acon ofthe tubes dung hydrostatic test: eg. wth esting or © TsSand? ornpest and nan oe 0 rs where weight and/or pres drop loadings produce significant ects 4) Varta coe wei pressure drop loadings produce sinc (6) Extreme irtrpass temperature dren. Corin may ob eno spec in corans anor math of ani wich ‘may sly redueon of he uboshoa chess foqurements RCB-7.4 TUBE HOLES IN TUBESHEETS RCB-7.41 TUBE HOLE DIAMETERS AND TOLERANCES “Tube hols in tubeshoots shal be fished tothe dametars and tolerances shown in Tables AGE a and Hobs} cour fa. To mane wor ardor, Gest bean ube ‘Gb and te 1D a chown in colume () ray be proved when spoctied by tne purchaser. ‘RCB-7.42 TUBESHEET LIGAMENTS, “eles R87. ard ACB. 5 osleutted fora constions as epectid n Table RCSA. (@) Sean « Snny 24 S rns 25 defined by the Code, are negligible forthe annular ‘lat element win he scope of Paragraph ACB, (©) The macenum anlar plate stress wil be located where: [race Tabcietca, (when P,fnot0} pay[ Ante RCB-6.89 CYLINDRICAL ELEMENT STRESSES ‘The crcumferptl mombrane stresses, ps (kPa), nthe cys shal be calculated foreach {london spechad in Paragraphs HCS-211, 9CB.e 2 and ROB 13 Mom to folowing forms Eu) 2. =BO0 vp Bysin(o, )sinh(v,)* Bgc0s(v,)eosin(v,) oo Bire-oara 1(_M ae) 1 =sM a1 aro) {x= Thedltance under comida, a shown in Figure ROB 82, nches (rn) ‘Tne remaining trme ae a defined In Paragraphs RCB-821, RCB-822, RCB.3 and Rees? 86 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS whore For the inner evindor For the outer evindor red ws torn Em tyfore7e= 30> be mama ott © (for fe yfor(re= 204, fe tg tortye > emma ot oF fora X= cewek Ete, Fan Pa Fen Fa D=d, coo yoy yon Noe (15 ne S x caletated forthe sho sido pressure oy condtion. @)S cas 5 wesltate for he diferent expansion only or tube se pressure only ‘ondon. Scene ™ Sx called forthe combined pressure and dferental expansion ° yated prs pars (4) The masimum valve of Sql be oested where x = 7 20F™ lal the inner Ghndrard where 9arx= fe forthe outer eine. FRCB-8.24 MAXIMUM CYLINDER STRESS FOR CYCLE LIFE CALCULATIONS “The manu srs sl Pa, or a paridar eto concons for use inthe evaluation of Syelolte ts gen by om, sur +2 here Fz fedotned in Paragraph FCB.8 83 For the ne juntion Mem, othe smal otto te For the outer junction Mey othe smater oft cor ty ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B Noe (1) Aposive value of establishes a compress tess inthe outer foe ft inde under eosideation. (2)S tsa posse outer lint for establishing a stress range. (9) 5 forthe eytnical element's equal to... RCB-0.9 ALLOWABLE STRESSES “The alowabie ete elem stresses shal be as dln by the Code, using an approprate stress Tohceslaon factor the gooey uncer eonsceoton,” ee RCB-8.10 MINIMUM THICKNESS, Themnizu etre ttle al aren sab x tri he ds of Parra Ree ioughACS.89. Howoves no cave sel the thickness ihe uncorToded conation be {ese thon 1/8 a2 rm for roel ametere 18: (ia? mm) snd sma 9/16" (08 mun for nominal Ser (Heo ez Bam ferret ets earn RCB-9 CHANNELS, COVERS, AND BONNETS RCB-8.1 CHANNELS AND BONNETS, 9.14 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF CHANNELS AND BONNETS ‘Channel an borin thickness determined by the Code design formu, plus corrosion allowance, ‘uti no case sna he nominal thicknoss of channels and bores be es ha the mnanum sha {Gosanesses shown n'Tabe Fa. 13. Tho nomial ot thexnoas fer lad channel and bones shal bo th same afr earbon steal channos, (C8-0.11 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF CHANNELS AND BONNETS ‘Channel and bonne thickness dotrinad by the Code design formulae, pus corrosion slowance, Seite case shal tne nomral Yiciness of chanel and bores be os than the rnimut shel thekneses shown in Table CO319. The nominal toll teknoss for clad channels and bonnets ‘hat be the same as for carbon soe channels. RCB-0.12 MINIMUM INSIDE DEPTH For mutipass channel ané bonnes the nse dpth shall be such ta the minimum cross ver area {e'fow between successive tube passes es east equal nos the fow ara through the tubes ‘obass, When an axa noes f ed, te dopih at the ozzo cervorne shall bea minimum of ‘het the ise dlamater of he nazz [RCE-8.19 PASS PARTITION PLATES RCB-8.191 MINIMUM THICKNESS ‘The thickness of pase pattone shall not be less han the greater ofthat shown in Jabie Reba 151 or escuatedn Paragraph ACB. 152. Pass parton pistes may be {apered to gasket wih atthe contact suace. TABLE RCB-.131 [NOMINAL PASS PARTITION PLATE THICKNESS ‘Denensionsareinnchos (rin) Tori Sze | Garon Sie | Ayr Coss ihan2e 38 ‘ee & 708 BEEy ih 611000 (38S if 88 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS [RCB-6.192 PASS PARTITION PLATE FORMULA <6 Viss 11 Misra pas parition pate thickness, inches (nen) B= Table value (near interpolation may be used) 9 Pressure drop across plat, ps (kPa) |S = Code alowable stress in tension at design metal tempers. pl (Pe) b= Plate dimension, See Table RCB-9.12, nchos (ren) TABLE Rce-2.192 PASS PARTITION DIMENSION FACTORS Tree sides tad Long ses xs Shon sides od (one a simply supported shone simpy Long ses simpy supported “supported ave B are 2 ave 2 O25 020 19 oats 10. oats 83) ost 2 Bae 12 3209 878 oars M4 Bio ‘a Boe “o S307 is Boo 1s Beso is 8339 is Saort 1s Boor 28 Seer 20 bar 20 ors 50 one - 8000 = O60 RCB-9.199 PASS PARTITION WELD SIZE “The pee parton plat shal be stached wah lot welds on each sie wit) a minimum USS Pirom Paragraph ACOs 3S, Cihor ypos of atachmorts are alowed bat ‘Sha be of equvsen strength [RCB-9.194 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. ‘Special consideration must be ive orilorcoment or hichnoss requremants for ireratparlone subjected to pulsating fads, exrere diferent pressures and/or fmperdures, undue estat or Genertal Gelecons unde! spociod oporaing ‘SorBions or unusual tarp or malanance condone spected by fo purchase, CConsieration may also be given to speci design configurations and/or methods of ‘false wich may justly roducton t pass partion plat romness requ ‘so, consideration shouldbe given o potenti bypas of tubeside Ru where the ‘ats parton mig pu avy Rom he gaker cue to cotton, |RCB-9.14 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT ‘Fabricated channol ang bonnets shall be posted hes ested whonrequrod by the Code ‘Oapectnd by the puretaaer ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 89SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B /RCB.2.2FLAT.CHANNEL COVER *RB-0.21 FLAT CHANNEL COVER DEFLECTION - MULTIPASS UNITS ‘The elective thickness ofa at channel cover hab the thickness at the bottom of the pss [roowe dep’ The tnetress tobe aaa at rquied oy the apropraie Gade eu rove i tnchoas sto ba tat toque by he aperopnte Cae formula Shc tucker frequted to mee! proper detection itera PP ‘The recommended tor channel cover diction (0.03 (0.6 rm) for nominal diameters hr 24 (610 mm) (0.125% of nominal clametr (nominal ameter /20) fr larger zee ‘Ammethr for eaulation of channel cover detection c 2 y= -£5(0.04986" P+ 0.85, Ash, Pr Arty) © casttlnd eacton cat sds be Caches rm = Mods last tes tmperaue, pl Pa) T= Thtress under corleraton nts (rm) P= Desonpesr. ps Pa 4 Novabletetng sent des tempeae 5840) ‘Av~ Aci coe econ tae tbe sate ces 2) hiy= dil dance rom dat! Gt bot ce ees (rn sine cleat eet ret tan he recoreende ink the deen may be Smaanafued tec pecan Injate cara cove hes by the cbe root fhe ao of acs deeton rier Use ct arog bat. Change pet onan Sieber Be Reeaver no dakaon cone noed become meno '-.22 CHANNEL COVER PASS PARTITION GROOVES Channel cover sal be proved wth na 3/46 8.) doo ore pass {arto In ld or aphod fcinga of acs expotad tthe nek Soatng surfaces, chal have at lest /@" (3.2 mn) nominal Wackness of cada eaiaae menace ee Perce Geary tema aeciehares ibm sete Se Zeiten ees a 90 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association(MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R CB SECTIONS CB-t0NOZZLES RCB-10.1 NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION Nozzle construction sal ben accordance wth Code requcements. Shell nozzes sal ot protrude [yoni nade contour ofthe Sl they terre with updte nserton or removal Shot or han! nozzles wien proade beyond tha nee contour oe man cylndr well mus be at Sera rare by ching thor enecton we i orto po te ope “Separate vor and din connections are used hey shal be fush wah te sie corour othe shel frchannal wall Penge dimensions and facing era comply wih ASME Bro. al hces shal ‘race natura certo ines. Flanges outs the scope of ASME B85 shal be maccordance wit RCB.t0-2NOZZLE INSTALLATION adi nczes shal be costed as standard. Other ypes of nozzles maybe used, by agreement ooneon mancincire Sr porchoset ie batetcoreidas R10: PIPE TAP CONNECTIONS ‘Alpe tap connection shal bea minimum of 6000p standard couplings or exile, Each Softches a at Sra nadrdck centring tO ASUEBIG Tote same ‘rata te con erate pug mater may be used whon gags elie, ex ‘anton uge shan note used a ee ¢-10. PIPE TAP CONNECTIONS [Al poe tap connections sal bea minimum of 3000 ps stanéaré couplings or equivalent. 18:10. PIPE TAP CONNECTIONS. ‘Al poe tap connections shal be a minimum of 2000p tancard couplings or squalor. Each eeeee arte ie ana ar eck pag ob ane rate a connecton sherate flag materiale may be ud wren galing i artelpated, excop east fon lugs shal not be used, [RCB-10.31 VENT AND DRAIN CONNECTIONS ‘At bigh and iow pans on sel an tube sides ofan exchanger not ctherwise verted or ‘Bei by nozzles shal be provided with 3/ minimum NBS cannactons for vet and ran ‘10.32 PRESSURE GAGE CONNECTIONS ‘Al anged nozzle 2 NPS or larger sha be provided wth ane connection of 3/4 minima, AAP Tor's pressure gage unese speci conadoraions alow ff be orton See Paragraph Resa, (C-10.22 PRESSURE GAGE CONNECTIONS Pressure gage comectons sha be as spied by the purchasor. Soe Parsgraph C-104 1-10.32 PRESSURE GAGE CONNECTIONS ‘Alflenged naales 2 NPS or larger shallbe provide with one connection f 1/2 minum PSTers rst goge tos spool conscactone ow tobe ome. Soe Pegraph 'RB-10.28 THERMOMETER CONNECTIONS. reer hin ee ere coin aun SEE ee er en (¢-10.38 THERMOMETER CONNECTIONS “Teemometerconnaction shall be as spect by the purchaser. See Paragraph -104. RB-10.4 STACKED UNITS, Irtermodatenozales between unt shal have fat or raised face Nanges. Pressure gage and {formometorcommettone ray be omted in ne othe two mating Connections of uns conected [saree "Boning nfanges of mating connectons between sacked exchangers shall beremowie vitnut moving he exchanger ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 1SECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B C-10.4 STACKED UNITS Intermediate nozzies between unt shal have fat of rasod face flanges. Pressure gage and thermometer connections ay be omiiog Fone tho two ating connections ot uns connected Ineones, RCB-10.5 SPLIT FLANGE DESIGN Crcursances ol tn tattoo marennce nay pau ee of enor (lsat or looss tt ing nose anges Undo these condos, dovcle siting Ranges (edn eccorance wih he Cov. " " *RCB-10.6 NOZZLES LOADINGS Hest exchangers ae nt intended o serve as anchor point fo piping: theelore, fr puposes ot {eso not loads ave assures to Benepe, eres ne prchoe pacha deals ch {fod his ingary as iestodn Figure REP-ACB. 10.6, The ana ard ny modeatons nthe [SSSgnor consuion othe exchanger to ope wih hse loads shall be ob purchasers “The "Recommended Good Pract” section of those standard provides he designer wth addtional ‘rlomation rogrding posed ping oad. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationMECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS RC B SECTIONS FRCB-11 END FLANGES AND BOLTING Flanges and bating fr eal ohn shale n accordance wih Code design nde, subject othe ata ea tinhe low pasganhe aa 441 MINIMUM BOLT SIZE “Theminimum prise bo dameteris 9/4 (2), Sis 1" and sale shal be Coarse Thea ‘ote and per sens shal bs 8 Pach Tread Sees, bimenatral sanda‘Gs a hued Secion®, Table D'S: Matic the pitch s show Sec, Tate Do (1-1 mmuMUM BOLT SIZE “The minim recomended bot dames is 1/2" (414. ating sma tan 2") sus oct pabetatento oad onaresang Sling roa Sardar oe ed a rable. Mette Saing fe anownn econ 8 fade B ht 1-41. MINIMUM BOLT SIZE ‘The minimum permissible bot aster shall be 5/8416). Dimensional standard are inckded in ‘Seeion Tale D'S Mec bating ls shown Socom, Tabe DM, RCB-11.20LT CIRCLE LAYOUT ‘RCB-11.24 MINIMUM RECOMMENDED BOLT SPACING Tigapinirum recommended spacing between bot cera i hen in Secion®, Table DS or 'RCB-11.22 MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED BOLT SPACING ‘The maximum recommended spacing between bot centers ot Bane 2a TOES here B= Bolt spacing, centerine to cortrine, ches (mn) y= Nerina bl ameter, inches (ren) {= Flange thickness nchos (men) rm. Gasket actor used in Cade flange caltations RCB-11.23 LOAD CONCENTRATION FACTOR ‘nen the stance between bot centerins exceeds recommended myth otal ange ‘moment determined by Gode design methods shal be multiplied by a Correction factor qual = hore B isthe actu! bot spacing as defined by Paragraph RCB-11 22 RCB-11.24 BOLT ORIENTATION ‘Bots cal be evenly spaced and norma shal strode both natural cetaings of the fxchanger. For hortortal nts, the hatural centerines shall be Consceed tobe the Fostoria and votal contarines ofthe exchanger. In special cases, the bok Count may be ‘hanged rom a multe of four [RCB-11.9 MINIMUM RECOMMENDED WRENCH AND NUT CLEARANCES: ‘Minimum recommended wrench an rut clearances are gan in Section 9, Tebo D6 and Table DM ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 93ECTIONS MECHANICAL STANDARDS TEMA CLASS R.CB RCB-11.4 BOLT TYPE opto special design considerations, anges shal be hyough-botes wh sts bts, {Pred toengiv wits rervaie on shen. Ona hale ead shal ond ‘yond encn mutt neicats fu engagment *RCB-11.S LARGE DIAMETER LOW PRESSURE FLANGES ‘See "Recommendad Good Practice” section *RCB-11.6 BOLTING-ASSEMBLY AND MAINTENANCE. Sue Recommended Good Prete” section 4 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association» FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION (ote: Tis section snot meticted.) \V-1 SCOPE AND GENERAL, v.41 SCOPE Fuld ow, ntr-atd wit hat exchanger gaomtry, can caus heat exchanger tubes ovat ‘in phonon egy case afd te prearstinethe ar Schr the sean foe problem atic to da Ths secon oeines te basic data which shoud be contered Wek ‘lating roel i nad ibtionprtueraasocaed wth eat exchangers, Whe [its cocton naj ter meta may be snd Ds 1 th comely othe pros Re TEM & far ether methods may tthe eo om te TEM unrarto doo nt cover von damage. a V-.2 GENERAL ‘Damaging tube vibration can aecur under cartain contions of hel i ow relate to bale ontigurion and urssppotea ube span The misemum unsupported tube spans ot able C84 62 do nt conaider potential Now induced vation prtlems In those cass, wher the ‘Shalyasindicatc ho protubiny of Jectrucbvevoraion, the eer shoud rae fo Paragraph V1. \V.2 VIBRATION DAMAGE PATTERNS. ochanica flue of bos feutng tom Row induced vation may occur fn various forms, Damage can result rom any ofthe folowing Independent condone, o combinations tare V2.1 COLLISION DAMAGE Impact of he tubes geist ach other or agaist the vessel wl. dot large amps ofthe ating. anand area ot heute cava th eaters, Tosi shape spc generat of the misspen othe unsupported length Theo wal vena weare on, caus fare. v.22 BAFFLE DAMAGE Bafletube holes rece a rarufactutrg eran (ee Paragraph RCB-42) ovr he ube ote, Caretarfo teat aration. When age Hadise ave reer. the ube can tpt he btte fe causing ting ole be wal ina Sraanteretal uneven manner, uy he wlth othe ae cknbes Coniraaus tring ova period f ne rae nto ture. V.2.3 TUBESHEET CLAMPING EFFECT ‘Tunes may be expanded ino the ubeshoet to minimize the crevice between the outer tube walang the ubestot hee, Tho natural quency othe ube span adjacent to the tubeshetseeased by the clamping elec. Howover, the evesses dus to any lateral daiocton ofthe tube ae aso ‘mecmum athe location where the ube emerges Fem the tibeshet, Sorting to posse tube Breakage \-2.4 MATERIAL DEFECT PROPAGATION Designs which were detrmined oe ree of harm vibrations wl contain tubes thet vibrato with ‘ery ra ample due fo tho bate tube fle Gearances and te fextblRy ol ho tube aban Such low lve sree Suttons are hemoss fn wus mater. awe contained win the ‘retoral and srtogialyorried wth respect to fe ses fla, ean ready propagate and actuste {Ube falure, Corrosion and erosion can ada to such tlre mechanisms. vas acousne vranon rau ears tao cdumn an nite te vot sang, The Sa ee ee era Sere en tear Ss ete Ee ee at Sees eacrutes ectenm ots as iectestbot ey et Serer iinet pose wcereteer er Renown 9 FAILURE REGIONS. “Tube atures have been repos n neat allocations within a hat exchanger. Locations of rately ‘table tube pane and/or igh fon veoeies ae regions of primary concer. Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 95ECTIONG. FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION V3.1 UBENDS (terre of U-nends have a lowe natural equency of ration and, thereore, are moe ‘Ssenptble ow induced viration fares than heer rows, V3.2 NOZZLE ENTRANCE AND EXIT AREA Impingement plates, large outer tube ints and smal nozze lameters can contrbute 0 restictas tnanoe and bat areas. These esto aroas usually cestegh local voces which can rest Impreducing camaging tow induced vibration, V3.3 TUBESHEET REGION LUnsuenortad tube spans scacos to the tubeshost are frequent longer than those inthe baled ‘el theft ncn ven lower cl Pagans rare a en ree te {heron otis region. Te posse igh oes voce conjunction wah he ower retra frequaney, makes a egios o prmary concern prevering damaging bron V.3.4 BAFFLE REGION “Tuba located In bale windows have unsupported spans equal o mutts othe bate spacing {ng unppeted tube apna eon edict Peqlncy ol raion ana have a eset V.3.5 OBSTRUCTIONS ‘Any obstruction oon suc 95 fods, sealing stipe and npingement plates may cause high SOURS VSaRECS hh anne bation nthe needa ey ofthe cousacton -A DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS \-4.1 STROUMAL NUMBER ‘Shocking of votes frm elated tubes na fkd mecum ie corlatod by the Strout Number, wich e ven by. fede eazy where 1.* Vortex shedding tequancy, cyles/s0e = Crossow veloc of he fd rlatve to the tube, 60 d= Outside ameter tube, inches For irtgrally ed tubes: do Finroot ameter, ches Note: n close spaces ube arays, th yn shdkng of votces degenerates into abroad 1 oiekSPane' comaaion based on Src! Number Sone suena V-42 FLUID ELASTIC PARAMETER. ‘Adlmensionles parameter usd inthe corrlations to predict flow induced bration i given by: Ladwety 6 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION Etectve weight ofthe tube par unt length, dona in Paragraph V7.1, b/t 5, Logurthmie decrement inthe tube unsupported span (see Paragraph V6) be = Density of the shal side Rud att local bu temperature? y= Ouse clameter of tube, aches For nograly toned tbs: dg Finroot ameter, inches V5 NATURAL FREQUENCY V5.1 GENERAL, vas are mt wen ie sate Se Ee omen sanlan cement nearer waa Selec ena uautain areca ta, (Serenata usar oder re ree cee ptr ete mode shapes and mu'spane of unequal length, sea Paragraph V-1@Refernce (10), ve racton rect Tina UEC ‘dn vps tb 1) nas oops &) enous 8 pete te ren €) mower testament Png) vs sparoures Taper ant apn ann vaseenneonors ocr apt cr (yoo ada © Spear “Te bale supports have clearances which render thom non near when analyzed as a “Tippot ihe fubeset nat ng an, eretore the ulli”aseumetion ony tproximate, These approimatons are krownt Pave minor elects an th clelatod atral requansy \V5.2 FUNDAMENTAL NATURAL FREQUENCY CALCULATION. “The value of tha fundamental natural requency of ube unsu can be caleated forthe Tobin Span shape and ond suppor eonaons von fale VES f= Fundamental natural frequency ofthe tube unsupported span, cyles/see {= Tube unsupported span as shown n Table V5.3, Inches = Elastic modulus of tube material atthe tube metal tomperature sl (see Paragraph ACB. 49) 9” Elective weight ofthe tube por unt length, tine in Paragraph V7.1, 1b/ Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 97ECTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION |= Moment tintin ofthe tube eros section, inches “is gen by 1 tata," cl.= Tube inside ameter, inches do Outside dametr of tube, inches For ieograly ned tubes: dy Fin toot lamer, inches Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION 6 Tale v.53 FUNDAMENTAL NATURAL FREQUENCY Satan Fate rT o gq pS ‘Tube axial stress multiplier. See iF Berane psy - Cont egandgen vgn oe corm come | s,-roa04e[ £1)” ie J 7 Livy ee Span Gemnasy ate a 7 as ae 2 15.42 i 3 an ba a Ta a ae pray) ode contro band SI enter con a age anon tthe ety ‘covered ‘SpanGeomety | ca Fioue SFR 7 vas 5 vsa1 0 contin beat ey vss2 vere oO, 7 vss 8 S ge constion btw rey oes ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 99SECTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION Figure v.53 ‘U-BEND MODE CONSTANT, C 6.0 5.0 4.0 pareve seacinesaaotus (Lo/r) 8 a a g 8 8 3 100 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION Figure v.51 {U-BEND MODE CONSTANT, do sf 0.25 T ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association SECTIONG 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.0 parrte seactnosrantus (Lo/e) 1.0 0.0 101SECTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION FIGURE v.5.32 U-BEND MODE CONSTANT, C 6.0 4.0 BAFFLE spactng/nantus (Lb/r ) z —— 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.80 0.20 0.00 102 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTIONS FIGURE v.53 {U-BEND MODE CONSTANT, C , 6.0 3 Lay i I i 3.0 sarrve sexctnc/asotus (Lp/r ) ele] é 2 8 g g g 8 é ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 109eCTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION ‘GAXIAL TUBE STRESS, 1.6.1 AXIAL TUBE STRESS MULTIPLIER ‘2 the ver uncton of heat exchanger, the tubes ar subjected o axial lads. Compressive ail [cade dacrenea the tbe natura fequoncy, sri onal loads ten to neraaae The fcuting tbe ‘ses ule ghon ibe uedppored spn's Stemi by teins eb ange a(eE)" where FA5,4, 5, Tube longitudinal sess, pl or feed tubeshaet exchanger, S may be alee rom Paragraph RCB-723) Tube metal cross sections area, inches” (se Table D-7) Fea 5Ltor both ends simpy supported K = 449%or one end fed, cter end singly supported K = 21ltorboth ends fed _E = lastic mods of tube material st the tube metal temperature sl (see aragraph ROB. 43) “Tube unsupported span, inches |= AMomeat of arta ofthe tube cross-section inches “(see Paragraph V5.3 and Table) \v-62U-TUBES Far some spplcaon Usubes may develop igh le of al ess. A method io compute he [SSIS eae ager kbs ochargor is ghenin Pargtaphe, Reece \V-7 EFFECTIVE TUBE MASS Te.ipty ne soca ona forme, const Rave been modo eae he ne of wie V7.4 EFFECTIVE TUBE WEIGHT focve 1ube weight i detned as: yay oHe hore 1, > Total meta weg per uni length of tbe, (S88 Table D7) uy 000645 pd, "= Weight of ul ini the tube per unit ngth of tube, Hq Hydrodynamic mass rom Paragraph 7.11 08 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION whore 1p, = Dens of ld nse the ube atthe ora tube se ful bulk temperature yt? d= Inaldo daretor of tube, inches 27.11 HYDRODYNAMIC MASS iycrodyramic mass ian eet which creases the aparentwelght ofthe Vating body de to ‘he dplacemont ofthe shal side dressing rome sh sched (1) Motion ofthe visting ube (2) The proximity of ther tubes wahin the bundle (@) The relatv locaton ofthe shel wall Hydrodynamic mass defined a Has Catt ners Cr Ades mass cocciont om Fgue V7.1 {eyo 0.00845 oct, "= Weight of fic dlsplaced bythe tbe per unt length of tbe, bt here = Denety of uid outs the tube at he local halide ud bulk temperature, bjt? Fortwo pase id, use two phase deny) clo = Oude diameter of tube, inches For imegrly ned tubes do Finroot ameter, inches Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 105,ECTIONG FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION 108 - ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association URE v.71 oe Lar Tt T Fao | [ADDED MASS COEFFICIENT -C.! BECO Ee | { Peery ft Cr | | f val | al ET T I v Tt T 1 _ SEER EEEFER t E iz tery 5 1.6 = Pert T TI tet [yt | [tT TEN BR TET Sper et pte) pt fit TRIANGULAR PITCH iE SEEN Eee PEE e | sousne eren 7S NOT a aeaoy RS i i — + + mee CCR EEE ERE RE TH ppp i ttt td [ 11.0 | et Lt frolPear i thet ier) ae use pres "use oDFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION 6 ‘vs DAMPING The mechanisms iolved in arming are numerous, and the varios elects ate not ready measured ot ‘Gerted The otping wreegos for logit decrement, are ted sy on experiment raion an sealed ea For el ede aude, 6 1 eco the ret for aids 5,201 tole ae were 1 ~Shol sie guid viscosty, athe lol shal sid qu buk temperature, contipoise le = Outside ameter of tube, ches. Forirtgrallyfoned tubes, 1g = Feroot diameter, ches Po ~ Deny of shel sido ld atthe local bulk temporatre, ft “f~ Fundamental natural quency ofthe tube span, cytes /=8c wo = Etec weight ofthe tube as dened n Paragraph V7.1 tt For shol sido vapors ~ 6, as flows: (4) 1 = Number of spans 1 = Batter suppor pat thickness, Inches (Tube unsupported span, inches Fortwo phase shal so me & nose reatoo( 2am wore 4(€,) = Voi tation urtion ote for 0.8 “1 for 045,507 v Vg Volume towrate ot 9s, 3/580 V = Volume Rowrate of iui 17/800 {£47} = Surface tension tnction St ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 107ECTION6 FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION 5, = Surace tonion of hal sie guid athe local buk tomperature, (Soe Paragesph Va, Retorence (2) bs Sine See eson fsa selina ante tortie (So Farag @ Wee Sterne 2d) a = Dena of sets gi a hele sk tmpeat, o/h Pe Densty of shel se gas atthe local buk temperature, yt? = Outside diameter of tube, Inches. For etogaly finned tubes, ce = Fin root dameter, ches = fective tube weights defined in Paragraph 73 1 "Note: Use to phase donety Inthe calctation fr hydrodynamic mass re * Twophae density at local buk tempertur o/h? =p iC1=€9)~ Poy Cru Coninement unction, see Tabi V8 Total wo phase damping By Brp ae by Note: Use two phase proport for dent and hyroyramle mses, aoe e Conrwenen FUNCTION Cw Tianguar Pach SauarePash Baas 08 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTIONS \V-9 SHELL SIDE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION V9.1 GENERAL ‘One ofthe most important and les reise parameters flow induced vation sd veloc. ‘eestor fad vty a prc poe al eacanga a ic a ey {orl tow pattems oe present na han exchanger shel. Various amour oad bypass te {tte buntle ofiaktroeg clearances between tuo rd halo be and bet tube hes Ue mathacs are Govloped to score elclat oe! ul velocties, th Gaiety so fsveapecostfow ios based on vale onpical methods \V.8.2 REFERENCE CROSSFLOW VELOCITY ‘Te costo vol inthe bundle varies from span o span, rom rw to rom wii span and from a ube within tow. Ths rlorence osstow vty fe calculated foreach ragoh of ‘iret os Pragrph 3) anand on tw eveage och cons aes be row ‘Te presanes of pass pation anes aligned Inthe crosstow rection, cearance between the bundle ade hel eso ole enraa”cosrances, ee. roguce the net tow rao of the shel ce {ide Incrosshow This shouldbe conscered in comping ie fterence crosstow volo}. 1.9.21 REFERENCE CROSSFLOW VELOCITY CALCULATIONS. “The flowing method of calculating areternce cosstow veloc takes Into account us byaceandlenage wc rele oat xchange prorat. The eth val or hte phase ene tise sd wih single sogmaial bales TEMA E chal ther rctncos ‘ray be used fo evalunte reference crocsow vals Relerence crossfow vlocty i gen by: enw) th MYCa,N ee G00) N88 \V.9.211 CALCULATION OF CONSTANTS “The constants usd nthe caleltion ofthe refernce crosston veloc are given by v ya ene ce haan rekon con o.0ers( £54 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 109SECTIONS 110 FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION "TUBE PATTERN (See Figure ROB3.) o or om * G 128 108 128 090 ce om ver 088 086 Ge Tae 128 138 Ta ™ 088 oa 098 08 TABLE V-92118 h Ce vecutodamete alo Dy “e [ox0 ] 15 | 020] 025 | 090] 035 | cao] O48 | 050 DB | 0 | aso | oss | om | 074 | 06s | ome | 054 | 00 Unearirterplatin ls permited +-csed 2 )(8) (Fx) ero FalE)-%) Mes MODE IA TIED at Tee) Mya (myc)? «(EES a" a= MDINC) whore (Dy = Shall nde aot, nes Ds Bale ameter, inches Ds Ousortube tint (OTL), inches ‘dy = Tube hole clametorin ttle, inches ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION ly Outsde cate fue, inches For integral fava tubes: y= Fin outside ameter, inches > Tube ch inches {5 Baffle spacig, inches 2 Densty of sel sie ull atthe loca! bak temperature Ib/A? W = Sha tie How ate, fhe 2 Height rom bale cto shane clameter, ches v.92 SEAL STRIPS ‘Seal stipe a olfon used to lp Bock he creunferental bypass space between a tube bundle and ‘hal rotor bypass lanes. Seal tips force ul ram te bypass seam back mo the Curae. ‘Mis incraaes the reerence crosstow vcty ard Shou be eansicored ln avbvaion anglyos Loca ul loc nthe vent of seal sips may be sical igh than he average crosstow Sac Soo Patagraph te hetrence 8) boc \-9.31 REFERENCE CROSSFLOW VELOCITY WITH SEAL STRIPS. ‘The reference rosstow veloc is clcuated by using & mos value for the ‘equations In Paragraph 2211. \V-9.4 PASS LANES PARALLEL TO FLOW ‘Won pas anes ae oriented parallel to fow at tothe bate cu) they create arly ow {ealstanee path orld to flow. The net fects fries fut cross the tube bund, rosutng In ‘Siqworeverege crosston vloey” However iubes scjacert to thes anes may be sjected ‘ghlocel vassties, The none and wit these anes soul be conedered when te rfrence ‘esstow valoety calculi. \-.41 REFERENCE CROSSFLOW VELOCITY WITH PASS LANES PARALLEL TO FLOW ‘Togceourtr pas ares peal ow. they arent locked by some ype oF speck bat, a modes valve of ean bo used whore D3 = Outer te it minus (umber of paral pass lanes x width of pass ane), inches \-9.5 BUNDLE ENTRANCE REGION AND IMPINGEMENT PLATES, “Tubes dct beneath net nozzles and impingement plats canbe subjectod to local uid vlectios {teats ttn hese noe arts the bundle Arumber of Cocumented ization probleme have ‘ten caused by righ ret had voces These standards pews gudeline for masamum vlosty Inthls region and eo ctor or ha use of Impingement plates. The ims Paragraph -RCB.4.6 are tuished for protecion agar tube erosion, but donot necessary prevent ibraton INTEGRALLY FINNED TUBES in computing tho reterence crsstow velocty, the prosenc o tn shal be taken to acount. For the purposes of usng he equations Paragraph 02 to calculate reference crsstion vlcty. the fin dlametr shoud bo Used place ofthe rorina ube OD for heya Enno tubes, ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association = 111,ECTIONG FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION {-s0eSTiMATE OF CRICAL FLOW VELOCITY @ The rel flow velocty, Vc, fora ube span isthe minimum erose ow velcty at which that span may ate wth unaccepaby large ampltudes. The cll ow vloety for ube spans inthe window, overlap, inet and culet regione, U.bends, ard al stpicl orton shoud be caleiaod. Tho crcl cc, Vr Isdatine by vex Diatle ,w/se0 D= Value obtained from Tabi V.10.1 a7 Fundamentl natural requency eycles/sec (See Paragraph V5.3) y= Outside ameter of tube, ches Forintogealy ned tubes: do Fintoot ameter, Inches ‘The use should ensue that he rlerence crossiow vocty Vat every locaton, ilessthan V forhat 2 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationFlow MoUCED VIBRATION secrions rons on cA NOM ELOOTY FACTOR © ara, | Ras ea tetehaa | Ree Oren CaP oy Fc: : aera Foa\en aa E-09)s oar zo wae? To ara ae = ae E-05)= Tube pitch inches “Tube 00 or fn root ameter for integral fed tubes, inches Tasuesty = Fi elastic parameter ‘hal side fu dant tthe coresponsing local shel so buk tomperature, b/? ‘br = Logartmie decrement (ee Paragraph V8) ue = Etfectve weight othe tube per unt length bt (See Paragraph V7.1) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 113,SECTION 6 FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION 4 Veit VIBRATION AMPLITUDE V-t1.4 GENERAL There are four base fow induced oration macranims tht can accu ina tube bundle. These are tho filasie ttabiy, vortex shedding, rodent buteing and scguetc resonance. The ist three machanems are acsomparsed bya tube raion amglaude whl acoustic resonance causes ied sccuste noise wa utualy no erase ube ampliude Flidelatc instal e the most damaging nha tests n exromaly large amplaudes of vibation ‘ath imate damage pare as cesctioed m Paragraph V2. The design approach nis cases {vou the duidlot natabley stuaton toreby avoding te accortpanyng age simpltude of ‘ibraion ese Paragraph v.10). Vortec shedcing may bea pretiem when tres a requoncy {wants natura raguency f to tube. Uibeaion due o vortex shedding expect when Jee? outiharef,™ 12:50 71, (ee Paragraph V-122). Only then shoud the ampitude be Calulted, This frequency match may rast na vibration amie ach ean be damaging 9 {Ges intha very ote tel tran out connec. Voto sao degen 1 oad Et aduancs ahd both mechanlsms ae intamwned deep ince the bundle. Vortex shedcng and {urbuent burlng vibration ampitides are tortie wits spocstod its Estimation of ampite fd rxpocive ita are shown bow. match 11.2 VORTEX SHEDDING AMPLITUDE Cuwadev* by Fi where ‘us= Pei of raton at mispan forth fat made, rs pases C=. Utteooticient or vorex shedeng, (88 Table V1.2) ‘Dens of ud outside the tube st the local shel se fd buktmportre ot? ‘Outside diameter of tube, inches Forimegraly ad tubes tn oot amor, inches V = Referance rossow velooty t/sac (oe Paragraph V.82) 6, + Logarthmle decrement (600 Paragraph V8) ‘fa Fondant! natural raquency ofthe ube span, cyces/soc (668 Paragraph V5.3) age Etloctve tube weight per une length tbe, ly (606 Paragraph V7.3) \V-14.21 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE Yu.5 0.024, , Inches \V-i1. TURBULENT BUFFETING AMPLITUDE CrPeda¥? Ya" eae TG, where “yua=_Maximum ameltude fibration or single phase fds, Inches Cy Force cootilet (see Table V.11.3) 31 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE. Yu $0.02d, ches v. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTIONS TaoLEv.11.2 LUFT COEFFICIENTS C "TUBE PATTERN Gee Figure ROB 2.4) e ~ on or * a ry 000 080 oar aro iB So Sos ben Soro is es oor S070 oor 150 ies Boer B08, Bow, rapLe v.11 3 FORCE COEFFICENTS, Cr Toeaton te Cr ‘ance Eran Tubes 40 Cxrry >40<08 | -0.000454,+0.04 Pee °° Irtcor Tubes 40 oo >4oces | -0,000254,+0.022 28 ° ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 18ECTIONG FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION 12 ACOUSTIC VIBRATION ‘Acoust resonance ls due toa gas column oselstion. Gas column oxcation canbe excted by ‘seed wore shoding or tbr bulfeing, Oseation noemaly curs perpendicular fo Bot he {esti row den. hen he at arouse recy oh tot Sproche te txcing requorcy of the tubes, coupling may cccur and tne energy inthe Row aes onvered to acbmte pressure waves. Acous resonance may Occ ndopenenty af ‘mechanical ube bration " : 112.1 ACOUSTIC FREQUENCY OF SHELL ‘oust requency is given by: 22RD) ome = Distance between reteting walls measures parallel o segmental bale ci, inches P= Operating shet side pressure pla ‘Speci hat ratio of shal ede gas, cmensionlacs Shel sie id deny toca uid bulk tomperatre, f/f _p.~ Longtudina pitch, inches (600 Figures V-1228 and V-1228) p= Transvers pitch inches (60 Figures V-122A and V.1228) dg Oude dames of tube, Inches. For toga ined nbs, cl, = Fin outer dlameter, inches = mode (1.2.8.4) 12.2 VORTEX SHEDDING FREQUENCY The vortex shading raquency& ven by: 12sv oyees/e00 where V = Relerence crossfiow velocity t/sec (sve Paragraph V8.2) ‘5 Stouhal ember (gee Figues V-122A and V-1228) y= Outeie ameter of tbe, ches For integrally ned tubes dy Fin outer lamer, ches 16 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION \V-129 TURBULENT BUFFETING FREQUENCY The turbulent bulaing Hequeney ie gan by iv [s09(1-2)' +028) .olseee dg Outside dlamter ot tube, inches For ietgrally ned tubes: y= Fin outor arate, inches a oer P= Longtudinal ptch, inchs (80 Figures V122A andV-12.28) ‘bem Tranevors pith, inches (9 Figures V2.2 and V-12.28) = olrenceerosstiow vtocty, sec (see Paragraph V9.2) \v-12.4 ACOUSTIC RESONANCE Incidence of acoustic resonance is posible any one the flloning contions ie satited ttany operning Condon : a \-12.41 CONDITION A PARAMETER 0.8 fu Reouste requeney,cyes/sec (see Paragraph V-12.1) ‘5 = Strouha number (08 Figures V-122A ane V.1228) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 117ECTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION |R,~ Reynolds number, evaluated atthe reorence cross fow veocty 124.13do¥ 06 e = Shatsde fui viscoty,cantipoise sconce scren Sreverspraigang tlic cert ein cca det Re er cet Seeeeetacenns camvaroaaiae mecereamtanrorntaay {ingest rt orthesecere mode Faure te check bah mis can esuk acousIC Eee nccomanaions 18 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTIONS rune v-1220 SSTROUMAL NUMBER FOR 80° TUBE PATTERNS ° ToS FLOW Pe 0 Py 15 4 ° 2.0 25 0.2 Pt /de = 3.0 0.4] Pe /dy 1 a 2 3 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 119ECTIONS FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION FiGune v.12.28 ‘STROUMAL NUMBER FOR 30", 48° AND 60° TUBE PATTERNS Pe 2h d FLOW 3 41.315 2.625 Pp /do = 3.95 » ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION 6 \-19 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ‘Many parameters acting adependety orn conjunction wih each othr can affect th ow induced ‘Worn anaiyee Ona must be cognica of hace paramere and tha elects shoud be ‘socourted orn ie ovral haat exchanger cesign \-13.1 TUBE DIAMETER Us. ergs ensue ue later constrt wit acl thermal an cae ‘Sesign econonies a dasa. Larger clamsters nerease the moment one tered ‘Secvalynereasng the efress ofthe tube ora gen length \-13.2 UNSUPPORTED TUBE SPAN escapist pensar rt he oroe eos Teemu rane cegn esacoe sop ouring te Baremtaniearomtaleetee ean seem ee Sao tenses Taner coronene Sich lapraN spe ocr mpc ee Carto ay ee pon neo wore cao et ere cc “Notes vn hy arargonat aes pro spot bos tal ali Istana and eso port he uae of maple mtemadate coppers without ascing he ‘oss vlocy we reucing te unsupported be spa 139 TUBE PITCH cto tube lamer alos prove intend tamer ares hich rest ina ‘adel aston sory fora get unsupprtd ti span 8 eduead Uncuppatad {ibe apenfora guen costo voy. Th nea eo beeping ees he Rood fi pan son rage and ice Geresses the nyorodynamic mass conten gure 1-134 ENTRANCE/EXTT AREAS Entrance and ext areas ae general recognized tobe parity susceptible to damage in ‘bration prone exchangers, Entrance and ex veloties should be calcusted and compared to cca voces to avoid Nitin othe spare question. fou be noted tht Compance wih Paragraph HCE ne not era sie proecton rom fow nau rao ae (irence/oa regione ot burch Coraseraon maybe lent the use of paral supprts to reduce unsupptd tube the envonce ex regions. Sutin tubes spats ay have fo be proved ot ‘let coacton radio enance/ ext tote” inant Pts sou be aan tioned ieee ea ete fo Te nt i an be an eflecve means sfiowerng errance/ext voces by showing {ha cel ede fio omtor/oxk the bund at several avalon. 18. U-BEND REGIONS nat tg ne ry ey nmi See enero ee Spocmmumaraereneaetiscpearan \aneTUnNO MATERA, Ao HACE requency of an uncupported tube span is afecte bythe ease modus ofthe Tibet igh suse chaste neal herent forte sons and fuente aos oye Provide greater resstanceo woraory Reha than matorals such as alumi and bass ‘eh rlsvaly tw laste modu. Tobe and wal Wiekness seo aft he damping Charter ofthe tine. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 121SECTION 6 FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION 'V-187 BAFFLE THICKNESS AND TUBE HOLE SIZE Inrange bate hicks: ar reduc he eo ball nel cero aan he “System damping (ene Paragraph V9) and raduces the magntade othe forces Scing On ng (as Paragraph) agi ote forces acing onthe ‘Tre formulae nti section donot quantatvety account forthe elec of increasing the Bat tickross, or ghtonng othe bate ole Gasrance, : 'V-13.8 OMISSION OF TUBES ‘Omision of tubes at predetermined crtica locations win the bundle may be employed to Feduceviraton patria! For stance, tubes locates on bate ct ines soma ‘Serience excessive damage In wbaion prone uns fectore,sloctve rma bes ‘Song bate cut ines maybe advoragecus 'V-12.9 TUBE AXIAL LOADING ‘The est exchanger designer mus recognize the pote adverse Impact on wibation TormpresSve al oadngo tubes due’ pressure and/or tmmperture conan, T's farcry sigan fr tubes mange pss, aad tubeshet exctagers where the ot Rid inthis So ran a ele at pats ea ent chang, te te an gun ti sn ass mayo re ibe compressive sass (See \V-14 SELECTED REFERENCES 1) Sigh, K.P. ad Solr, A "Mechanical Design Of Heat Exchangers And Pressure Vessal ( Semoneni arts Pubes, Choy Fat N (504) (@)Falovsss. M,P. Pow nducea ration Of Cyne Sutures: A Revaw Of The SiteSt the re Mc Unverty ert Report No 8) (©) Barngon €, A, "Experience Wh Acoustic Vibrations in Tbulr Exchanges, Chemical Enneenng Progress Val 62.NO. 7 (573) (4) Barington, A, "Cure Exchanger Acoust Vibrator, Hyeracarbon Processing, (dy. 1978) (©) Qhen, § $, and Chung, Ho "Design Gude For Calculating Hycrexdamie Mags, Pat | Cul ‘Ghndncal Stuctres“Argcone Netonal Uaborton Report No. ANC CT 76-8 ide For ear Mas, Pat ung Hand Chen, 8.5. Evian Stites I. Repoe NO AN (tga, owned ron A Het xrange Wn Sol Ss: ASME TO. Vo 9 Chen, SS. ow induced Vration Of Cur Cyineial Structures’ Argonne National ( Gabertay Report No. NCCT SS 31 : (0 Tuer, "Genera Discussion Ot Het Trane, ntaton Of Mochaneal Engineers. pp Sr¥6 Landon (95 (@) Gorman. Daniel J, Free Vrain Analysis Of Beams & Shas’ Jhn Wley& Sons (1975) 10) Petigrow, MJ, Goyder, HD. Oto, 7 L. Axia, F. "Damping of Malspan Heat Exchanger (OE Battin Sloe, Powacoced Viton (1680, SOME PVE va. fos, (900), pp O°? (09) Betgrew, Ml, Tavor, ©. €. Kin. 8.5. "Vrain of Tube Bure In Two-Phase Cross Flow: Pan thatedjrate Mes nd barging oes inane’ Syposim on Pewee ‘Vibration and Noise Volume 2, The Prsaie Vestel and Piping Diaion "ASME. pp 72103 (12 gage, tat raion Fu Ary Exe By Crosson, om ind ‘fort nat Exchangers, ASME Now Yor (TD) (8) Chen, 8.8, "Design Guide For Causing The nsiabity Few Velocty Of Tube Arays In (*9 Gostfow| Argos Naor aoratoyy ANL-CTSt 40 (et) (04) sal, Joseph, “low induced Vixatons la Hest Exchangers Practical Lok’, Prevent ‘tie {dh National Hot ansorGertoroncn, Denver (07 15) Moret PM, And Lowery, LL, Hydrodyramic nena Concerts For A Tbe Surourced (ORGS AB ps Nore PREY Sand ate Congres On Preseason png Sen Franco (16) WRC Bulltin 260, ted February 1908 122 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationFLOW INDUCED VIBRATION SECTION (07 Quan Stang Eschaton Of Bole Tube Visa: Jounal Of Mectanial Engheetng (1) 9c, W., termi. JS. and Frnt J," Acoust atone ne By Flow Cole and Rectan Het xno fet Sang O Pa And ned be ‘BES tetorafenl Conereice On Vian in cea Parts Keswick UX: (378) (49) Chen. VN, "lw Induced Vibration And Noi n Tube Bank Heat Exchangers Due To Von Karman Strats” Journal OF Engineering Por nds (20) API, “Techical Data Book -Pettoleum Retning, 1996 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 129.SECTION7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS (Wote: This sections not metricated.) e ‘T-1 SCOPE AND BASIC RELATIONS TA. SCOPE Ths secon custo the bai hams reaontipe carmen o mous Peat ater Seuigna acu ae ction procedree x Serning naa trprareeence and ‘ora het trenser cookers and decussione ofthe cause and eet of fouling and precedes ‘Brdatening mean et terpertres feel and tubes” Recommmencatons torn Sacaon (F Spe Se rt tube sce eat tanatr tim coceerts and presure losses ara consiered tobe, ‘ute the soope of tase Standards I shouldbe noted, however, that mary ofthe sandra calle Shc casters can sca tart hema au perma, eapacasy ove ane se Bersaaty relovart intl respect the research conducted bythe Univrsy of Delaware Enginestng Experment Staton under the ot sponsorship f ASME, API-TEMA nd oer Interested organzalons. The roauts af curmatized ithe "Bullet No.8 (1963) Pal Report of the Cooperative Research Program on Shell and Tube Exchangers 1.1. BASIC HEAT TRANSFER RELATION. ‘As Roauied elective outside heat vansersutace, 12 Qe Tauber otetatr Te 0 Greta vant enon, mrt ce ses Te t8°F 1+ Cmte ne wnpenti len *F e ‘ss peTenMnON OF OVERALL HEA AMOR COEFFICIENT Trecmathen wate oe, gang ab cotied tev us U > Overal net tractor cootilent(oued) |hy= Fim coetclent of sol side tu |h.= Fim coefclent ftube sie tld Fouling resitance on outside surface of tubes Fouling resistance on isive srtace of tbes ‘ro Resistance of tube wal elred to ouside sutace of tbe wal, including extended surface present 424 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS SECTIONT ato of ouside onsite surace of tubing = Fineticiency (where applet) Trent of, andere BTU/hr 82°F and the unt ot, and are Wr?" F/BTO “-14 TUBE WALL RESISTANCE “141 BARE TURES af ,,(—4_) ate "(aea)] 1.142 INTEGRALLY FINNED TUBES = Oot bare tube or root almeter #rtaray ned, aches w= Finhegtt, inches {= Tube wal hicknes, inchs N= Number offs per inch ‘k= ‘Thermal conductivity, BTU/te 7-1. SELECTED REFERENCE BOOKS (1) A.P Fras and M,N. Ozisk,"Hoat Exchanger Desg, John Wi & Sons, 196. (@)M, Jacob, Hoa Trarster Vol1, John Wy & Sone, 1949 (@)0.2. Kem, Process Heat Transfer’, McGraw Hil Book Co, 1950, (@)4.G Knudsen and DL Katz, "Fd Dynamics and Heat Transler, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1958, (6) WH. MeAdams, ‘Host Transmission, McGraw Hill Book Co, Third Ed, 1956 (©) Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, McGraw #ll Bok Co, Fath Ed, 1973. +72 FOULING 17.2.1 TYPES OF FOULING Sever ung ype of foung mechani re curenty recooed Thay rca complex can ores nceponceriy or elmutanocusly. andthe Tats of davopmet are af raatorbipsdopossont of eparsing Sabon Te majoring Belogea! fouling ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 125SECTION7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS 1-22 EFFECTS OF FOULING “The clelton of he ovral heat ranstrcosficint (see Paragraph 7-18) contains the toms to Accounts the thera esstanees of the fouing fe sb and tse eat trator Sirgees. These fouing ayers are know fo nteaas in thleaes wth tne a the eat exchanger ‘Sperste, Foun ayes normaly havea lower thermal condtvy than the fue ote tse ‘ator thereby meveasing the Overal tharmalrestance ‘order tat het exchangers shall have suficirt sutace to mara saltacory performance in ‘orm operation reasonable srvice ime between clearings, Els importa In desig s Provide foun alonance appropri io the expected oporain and maintenance concuon 1.2. CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING FOULING RESISTANCE “The determination of appropiate foulng resistance values invalves both physical and economic {actors many of which vary rom User User, ven for kere! sevcea, When these actors are Foun they an be use to ajst ype base vives tabulated tne RGPsochon those Snarda * 1.2.31 PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS. “Typical physica factors lnuencing the determination of foullag resistances ae: ‘uid properties andthe propenst fr fouing Hast 8 ety aa eration Surtae an empertires {cal fut octies ‘1.2.32 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS “Typical economic factors infvencing the datermintion of appropriate fouling resistances ae: Froqueney and amount of leaning costs Neartonance cost (Sporting and production costs [ager pero cf time on sear pumping costs Dopreciston fates Taeraos [ei ost ae variation wih size ‘Shut Jou costs Gutcteanice coats “7-2. DESIGN FOULING RESISTANCES ‘To bs deseingresstnce,ctosen wth al poy! and scons alr ropa ‘Sauste. wl taut n'a minimis Goat begod ed crarges oth al vee ‘Screase vith added fouing resizance) and on cleaning an cowntme exoonsas (which vecreese iv ade foun reitanco. By the vry nature of he actors vaved he manufacturer Seldom na postion odremineopinur oung rexsareas he user eae, cr te of past expariehes and current or projected costs, should spec the design fouing resistances for is Bartel services and operating cosdtions. In ie absence of pectic data fr suting prope Fesltanees su desorbed in the previous paragraphs, th wo! ray be guided bythe values tabulated [ithe REP secon ofthese starcarde: I the cate ot nse surace fouling these values must bo ‘utp by the oui inlde surface rato, as neat In Equation 7-13, 1.3 FLUID TEMPERATURE RELATIONS “7.8.1 LOGARITHMIC MEAN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE. For cases of rye countercurrent or cocurrent flow, the loguthmic mean temperature diference ‘shouldbe used #hofolontng condone substarialy spp 126 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS ‘SECTION7 Se tT oe peeedurcehaa fee Ea Se Equal grace reach sho pass tube past REESE seme ‘Te folowing references contain relevant information onthe above tors (9) Garg and Taboro, "Mean Temperature Dierence- A Resppasa, AIC Juma ne N nasa ud, Factors Comec Coole and 8&7 Exchanger DATO, The Ol fural September 1376 reteset ge corde net ap epi claton ange ee ‘hunt vnatrsatace may bonecosary PM i. Ecos tui leakage tough the cleranc between he rss bes and hy shel or bet ‘ongtusina! bate a ‘can sigficany alte the ex emperatte prof. This onc tray rosin signitcant Gegracston oie elacive mean emperture ile. The lowing ‘eferences may be used fe fuser information ons subject (0) let an oar, "New ius on Het Exchanger Das. Hyerocarbon Processing (2)4.W. Palen ana Taborok "Scion of Sheltie Fow Pressure Orop and Hest Transfer by Soar Analy, CEP Sympoaum No. 92 Vl 65, 1009 “1.2.2 CORRECTION FOR MULTIPASS FLOW Seenaiar grag ara cote crore ora tnn Sees eter tenrghacrn seet oarce Sterner arsanien een erates geese oad ix a eee Siseoe rai tencreatanemmccerateena ee ait ein brennan yeneatariat Ee uaa Saar Saree tie eer emtrnrnan a oat, eS Same ee ie orem neceareaiineg Sou aedepes cee onmmeamrcace ag ea coasts ere aah neeh"antcnqen eat froin are tahoe atse ener mente once ferent eee cates Sesame niin Sache icawurasmerca meaner oats “The folowing references ray be usellin determining values of F for various configurations and ‘onaetons Sontiguation elerence (1) Gone \W.M. Rohsenow and J.P. Henne, “Handbook of Heat Trans McGraw Hi Book Co 1372 (2) Theo tube passes per shel pass F. K Fischor, nd. Engr. Chem’, Vol 30,377 (198) (©) Unequal sizotube passes KA. Gard, "nd. Eng. Chom, Vo. 33, 1215 (1963) (@) Wlghes wD LL Gulley, "Hydrocarbon Proc, Val. 4S, 116 (1986) 11.3 TEMPERATURE EFFECTIVENESS, ‘The temperature effectiveness ofa heat exchangers customarty dena as th ati of the aru chango feu sd aro erence batrow th wo Ru it tompertures, MUS Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 127‘SECTION ‘THERMAL RELATIONS tacky @rn) here Pi the eects. Figues 73.38, 7-338, and T-3.9C show the temparatureeflectveness ‘ot eourtertow, single-pass shel and two pas ube, and two-pass sho and Tout pass tube ‘xchangererepesively, hiarme of oval heat wansfer cool. suaco, ld flow ates, and ‘Spoon heats Ina cases, the lowercase symbols (1.8 and creer othe ube sid Hid, a uppercase (7), Tt and C tothe shal ade hi. (This distinction snot necessary nthe case of ourtertow exchangers, bu confsion wil be avoid Ft observed) These chars are based on {he sme conte ted n Paragraph 131 2 “7-4 MEAN METAL TEMPERATURES OF SHELL AND TUBES 7.41 SCOPE “his paragraph outinasthe basi method for determination cl mean shal an tube metal {umperatues These femperaiirs have a pronounced inluence Fy the decign of og tuboshest hanger, condo cman mt topes racers la eirminin eset ‘ficaness shel and tube aca res ove, and exe sol oman oquromon. Ths paragraph proves the bass fe determining tho dfreial tral expansion term, 4, requed forthe ‘Calcuaton of equbslentdeereta expansion pressure (ee Paragraph ACB 161). 1.42 DEFINITIONS ‘7-4.21 MEAN METAL TEMPERATURE. “The mean metal emporatur of ether the shel or tbs isthe torperaturetakon a the mot thoekness mapoin svereged wih recpedt tthe oxchanger tube length For he case o tory fad beste temperare the ine be ei ches ipo apples. "Thotn matalterperaire should not be weighted withthe prime tube meta temperature 1-422 FLUID AVERAGE TEMPERATURE. “The shel or tube fll average temperatures the bulk helo tube fd temperature ‘Borage wih feapect ote oxcrger tbe len 7-43 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEAN METAL TEMPERATURES AND FLUID AVERAGE "TEMPERATURES. “7-4.31 SHELL MEAN METAL TEMPERATURE “Te shel mean metal erperatur, gnerally assumed to be equa tothe shel fuld average lmporatre, gen TynT whore y= Shell mean metal temperature, °F T = Sha tic average temperature, °F “This asaumption eval or cases without abnormal rates of heat ransfx between the she ‘and Bs surouncings. if igigat heat angi to or from the shel coud occur, ‘Seterminaton of te elec on the shal metal teryperatre sud be mack ‘igh oon temperature insted exchangers and moder ‘nominated exchangers moo tte above assumption 428 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS. SECTION7 7.4.32 TUBE MEAN METAL TEMPERATURE ‘The tube mean metal temperatures dependent not only on tomperture, but alg the sh sd svorage tompratne ty ‘odletens, shel an tue lung resistances, and tube meta realtance ea! anh ‘eeording to the ftowing eatin tue ‘4 = Tube mean metal tomperatue,*F 7 Tube sie tid average temperature, *F (see Paragraph T-4$) ‘Al thor tors ae as datned by Paragraph T.1.9 and T-43 “7.4.39 TUBESHEET MEAN METAL TEMPERATURE ‘Untubed portion of tubechect Barents we “Tubed potion of uboshost: (nF) Tate TOTAL cares eae vec 17, = Tubesde fui temperature, °F Te Shaliste fis temperate, “F hy Tubeside heat transfor cote, BTU Hes? °F hg = Sholsie hat vansfrcoofiient, BTU/HEs2 °F i samc] 1 "ak| Zs tanb() ik =tubesheet metal thermal conduetity, BTU/HE °F 1 ubesheet thickness, inches L coun (i= FainnCK) ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 129SECTION 7 THERMAL RELATIONS for tiangular pitch AanaL/2 a= 0.839P?-na/8 for square pitch Aendl a= Ptonata here d= tube inches P= tubo pth, inches “7-44 ESTIMATION OF SHELL AND TUBE FLUID AVERAGE TEMPERATURES, The mths presenta hs patagaph re based on equpmert parang une: sendy sate 17-441 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Fuld average temperature in sh and tube heat exchangers are flected bythe folowing (1) Shel and tbe id trminaltempertues Shellapd ube fd temperature profes with respect to rtalpy (the folowing (Spams suman pate) gel arate heat rancor rtos wn rape to exchanger ing mats © Seine canta neater re rcugh tbe gh tw nt) (Hea extangergsomay,spectoly pss coniguation fhe sl as wal ihe 174442 ISOTHERMAL SHELL FLUID/ISOTHERMAL TUBE FLUID, ALL PASS ARRANGEMENTS. TaTy=T: = Sal sido ful eet temperature, °F T= Sal edo ful out trmperatre,"F 1 = Tube deft ilet temperate, °F Tube side fui ute temperature, °F “7-449 ISOTHERMAL SHELL FLUID/LINEAR NONISOTHERMAL TUBE FLUID, ALL PASS "ARHANGEMENTS. ToT,=T, ie Taiuro 190 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS. SECTION? ‘7-444 LINEAR NONISOTHERMAL SHELL FLUID/ISOTHERMAL TUBE FLUID, ALL PASS “ARRANGEMENTS Taieimro “T-A4S LINEAR NONISOTHERMAL SHELL AND TUBE FLUIDS, TYPE E” SHELL ‘Te average shel fd temperature may be detained from the folowing equation: ‘The value of depends on tube pass goometry and flow rection as given below Single pass tubes - cocurtent ow Mant TinTs ales] Single passtubes - countercurrent ow Mart 1[Ti=Ts Oo TNTD al oH Forcaseswhere 0.99< 21272) 1.91 useT=0.8(7,+ Ts) Gan) ‘Even numberof tube passes ge ert [Tate TTD el Gh whee MTD =Cocurent Bow LMTD ITO = Uncorrected courtercurent fow LMTD thotasT Tes ae dtingd in Paragraph 7-4 42 “The average ube ful temporature may then be detormine rom the following equation fa TaiurDcr) where F =LMTD Correction Factor 7.4.48 OTHER CASES Forces inching rrr eget ent profes ado pas geomet cher fant ove, ther matnogs must be Ged fo ena ran Re emotes. Hencvor waht assumption of conta overal Re! rast ate, he olowigVlaionsp T-i- aLMTDCF) one fis average temperature can be estabishod accurately, knowing he elective mean Toners aifrence stows th oer o be dateraned ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 191SECTION ‘THERMAL RELATIONS “T-\8 SELECTION OF THE DESIGN CASE. ‘Al foresesable modes of operation shouldbe cansdered when speclying the mal omperatues to te wand fr ealcuaton ofthe equvalent cereal expansion poseue, Gonsweraon shoud be ‘en ote folowing (9) Norma operation. as spectied by purchaser, under fouled conions a the design How ates fd terol emperatves, (2) Operation at ess than tho sign fouling alowance (under such condtions, the purchaser ‘Shou supply deals in regard to antpated operating paremots) oa cpmatingcoeonsto which eqdpert may be spied 2s pec byte purchaser (1) Altrate flow rates and/or termina temperatures as may beth case during sar-up, shutdown, ‘arable plant foads, ot €@) Flow oa process ld or dean fu though one side, but othe cther Corpond wate sates tre wc Se ntgen postive and negative dere ral gowths ‘seu an exception bing # varying vauoe of steel movi of Catchy ar the comparion ‘The difecentl thermal groath Between the sala tubes is determined 35 flows AL* L(a,(Tw-701- afta 70D where ‘= Deora heal growth between the shel and tubes, aches 1L,=Tube lang, face face of tubeshoos,incos <2. Cooficient of thermal expansion ofthe shal inchas/inch/*F (see Table D-11) 2 oman opel eva) "s4s00monk conD=RATONE a GENE Ames ‘piaetamee nse arene emma ee ere wim eeasesmmoc on 2 cmien one or orn fxd tubeshost heat exchangers are tobe operated under conetions fering rom those, {ervnicn the al design was checked tthe purchaner’sreaponsfity to determin at ‘such operon wil ot ead to a condion of ovratress. Thi egures aul e-stlusion ot ‘equ tupecheet teks, shel and tube longludinalsreace,tubeto-ubeshest [ort {ads and exile chal elemortsbasad on te ow opaaing osdtions 432 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS SECTION FIGURE T.2.1 CHART FOR SOLVING LMTD FORMULA uur = (ro ETD, (rp) where GTTD = Grester Terminal Temperature pierce. TTD = Lesser’ Terminat Temperate Diterence : i & 5 : i ry "3 4005 60060 1000 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 133‘THERMAL RELATIONS ‘SECTION 7 FIGURE 1-228 SaSsvd and 40 UIOWNN NIA = SSVd T3HS T YO19VI_NOILI3HYOD G1W7 ‘ONBIOINS SUNLWUBEWL® @ Cs erry 0, 90 wOLOVS NOLLD34HO9 OLN +d ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 134‘THERMAL RELATIONS SECTION cs 2 8 5 | 2 ie w Le fe ak B BE ea eke 8 SBE © ES os sale g 558 a= ise] 2 is a fe | 3 2 5 ¢ ¢ a ches. | 5 3 wOLovs NoTLoaHNOD OLN 3 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 135,‘THERMAL RELATIONS. SECTION7 FIGURE T-2.20 Bee ‘SUSSVd GML JO UIBWNN NANI IHOW HO — SaSSVa TIIHS E yOLdvs NOILO3YYOD O17 7 TONBIOINAS SUNLVERANAL « @ 0 5 2 3 OLovs NOILI3UNOD OLN +3 2 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 136THERMAL RELATIONS SECTION? FIGURE T.2.20 09 Oe ‘8 OR MULTIPLE OF 8 TUBE PASSES LMTD CORRECTION FACTOR i 03 oz Sh ace aes eee Siow nltnwes Sima ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 137‘THERMAL RELATIONS SECTION 7 FIGURE 7-326 S38S¥d 38ML JO YISWNN NANA 3HON YOOT —SaSS¥d TIRHS S YO1OWs NOILO3YYO9_0.1W1 ‘AONGIOILS3 SUMLVEIANL + & 60. BO 099, yo £0 v0 woLovs NolLazuNOD OLMT +3 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 198,‘SECTION7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS: FIGURE T-3.2F REL tL a t sv [sassvd 3a 40 Y3AWNN N3N3-3YOW YO Zt SaSSvd THS 9| =, YOLOVI NOIL93HYOD OLW7 rz ‘ONS SUNIVETNSL +d aso so vo gogo vc 8 ‘. = OLovs NOLLoRuNOD OLN +d 199 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTION7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS. FIGURE T-3.26 o ‘TUBE PASSES (2 COUNTER AND 1 COCURRENT) TMTD CORRECTION FAGTOR 7 § g § s 140 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS FIGURE 3.24 ‘SECTION ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association z : 5 IS = B als gle Els Elo t i oily alls 101SECTION? ‘THERMAL RELATIONS rowers ° 3 e 7 s S e 2 fe iS Bie 35 ple SIS 2 e838 Sle g giz = 25 iy ‘|g VOLDVS Noi J93NW09 OUT = 4 142 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTION7 THERMAL RELATIONS. ‘S¥SSVd Jani 40 UZEWNNNANI —SS¥d TIHS MOT G3GIAG 1] YO19¥4 NOIL93YYO9 O1W7 ‘RONBIONSS3 SUNAVURAWSL= @ so eo og soo. 8 woLOWs NOUS3UUOD OLNT od 143 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTION7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS roma tas 2 -| 3 3 = le oe eoeee B sf [a Ss z ais alg EIS gs geile se 8 s| 5 eB -eL ti 3 elle |S woLg¥s NOILOBNNOD OLN +4 144 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS, FIGURE T.3.24, SECTION 7 g 5 iS 8 is BE - gale g je &| = Ot 2 ie g le £8 £ g | Fig a z 5 & SAIL. Zarrnren e Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 145‘SECTION? ‘THERMAL RELATIONS FIGURE T-2.24 2 TUBE PASSES Be MTD GORRECTION FACTOR * | poueue SPU FLOW SHELL p= TEMPERATURE EFFECTIVENESS 7 L a M4 oes 446 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS. ‘SECTION 7 FIGURE T-2.24 og era varwc ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 147‘SECTION 7 ‘THERMAL RELATIONS. FIGURE T-2.268 ‘even nunc OF TUBE Passes = Speake ast otibe it = Sprott ott as varuc 148 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association‘THERMAL RELATIONS SECTION? FIGURE T.2.3¢ “Fh Ie Ro wee | oe = Spector fe is = Speaoretot owt nas value ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 109SECTION 8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. (ote: This section is not metricated) Ps FLUID DENSITY 1.1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUID PETROLEUM FRACTIONS Paspete gales lu peu racons and sized it coarse sown P-.2 DENSITY OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS “The general denstynomagraph Fig. -1.2 permits the appcximaton ofthe dens of organic liquids {temperatures between 10°F and +500 Fl denstes at wo tomperatures are krow Table 12 late the coordinates on he carter gid for ocating the reference pots fr 65 ‘Fra teterence pen fora substance may bo determined ithe deny wn foro Gi ‘trnportures. The erection ort ft we straight nes joing the corresponding values of the known temperatires sd cenctos tho dosed relorence port of te substance. 1.3 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTORS FOR GASES AND VAPORS. ‘The Pv ~T relationships for gases and vapors may conveniony be expressed bythe equation Pus ZRT. where Pis the sbeole possi, vis the spect volume, T isthe absolute tompaatre, Risa constant which may be fours by éiing the unversal gs constant by the melecua welt the gas, and 2 le the compress factor 2 as the value of uty for an ieal gas under al oncons and. thereor, eg mescute of the exter othe devon of @ real pas oF vapor fom the eal state, gues "3A, P-1.58, P1 SC aro gonoralzd plots of comprossbany factor as 8 function ol reduced pressure, PP, and reduce tomperatire.7/T,.The dotted curves represent Constant values ofthe peeudo-ediced valumeu,"=0/(RT/P.) where the subscript crefrs to the erica vate. Theoe may be used to calcula pressure (or temperature) when the ternperatre {Grpresaure] and specie wume ae known. If Pts expressed in pounds por square inc vin CC feet per pound, and Tn dogres Rarkino, the numa vale of fis 10.78 For eric! property (ta 200 Paragraph PS. 2 SPECIFIC HEAT 2.1 LOUD PETROLEUM FRACTIONS “Te specie heats of gud paticloum rato of various Al graves are shown as functions of {ernpariue inPigre 8:21 The spect hea vera ins ows apply tov eee ce ed mnat borate’ cht Soe ne are oe coecton cor orcs charecerantion factors powed. .2:2 PETROLEUM VAPORS “Tho spect heats of peoleum vapors of various characterization actos are shown a urtions of temportore niga P22 '.2:3 PURE HYDROCARBON GASES “The low pressure specie hess ofa numberof pure hydrocarbons are shown as functions of Tiron egueehese habe anaeese -2.4 MISCELLANEOUS LIQUIDS AND GASES “The spectic heats of misceansousIquids and gases at various temperatures may be red from the aignent chars, Spures Pak and 248, 7-25 GASES AND VAPORS AT ELEVATED PRESSURES esate tn Pan 23,224 5.226 20 oly of rere i reg 0 in couche fasts set ace: Oy pressure argon A gh prose, tac astral ge ante Ow esau vaus, Powe P-28 ea gnats siti ny sod caclate te appronnate Coreconto telow presse seat est 150 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTIONS forany gas at high pressure. The isothermal change in mela specie het, AC» = Cp = C4 [Boted against redueed pressure, fw reduced temperate as. parameter” Ouse the Tange of tha chart, the flowing empical equation ate aosute encugh or mos racial pumosos Portes t Send Oreo Meteo OUP Ts Stor ee | and AC, <25,AC,=9P,/T, * For eical property data, see Paragraph P-6.1 and P62. a HEAT CONTENT. Heat coment of petroleum tactons including the elec of pressure, are shown as functions of temperatire Sha API gravy for varous UOP K values Figure PS “Te tert heats of vaporaton various que may be etnatd by the us of Figs P32. The ‘recommended range of use is indicated for the compounds listed. Bd oe ‘See Tate P33 for heat expacty ratios for various gases. -4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY P-4,1 CONVERSION OF UNITS. “Table P-4.1 gives factors for converting thermal conduct values from one set of uns to another P-4.2 HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS ‘The thermal conducthtes of quid normal parafinehycrocarbons ae shown n Figure P42, 4:3 MISCELLANEOUS LIQUIDS AND GASES. “Tables P-4.28 an P-4.38 ga tabusted values of thermal conduct fo @ number o quis and (ieee at atmosphere posse 44 GASES AND LIQUIDS AT ELEVATED PRESSURES ‘og eh ee cere ce re ek TR ERRE Stein em P-sviscostry 5:1 VISCOSITY CONVERSION ‘Avisosty conversion pot. Figure PS, provises a manne of corwerting vecosty fom Saybot Aasso8 Erg tb strane vicbaty coaches. Te apache vacouy corpses fray be determined by matsying the Kinematic vcosty mn cortatoes by ho re Fae 8S Geectacte lor consring coat values ovataus sya oun. P-5.2 PETROLEUM OILS, “Te vcostls of petrleum als having Watson and Nelson (UP) charactnzation factors of 109, TRev TT s and f2are shown pote squat temperatures M Mpures P.2A P'S2B, PS.2C aS Psi. 5.3 LIQUID PETROLEUM FRACTIONS Figures 5.94 and P88 gv cosy deta fra number of typical perleum fraction pted SRE ince ae Rr ers chara ase chase soars tt apy ge atrloum ci tho aacoky temperature pose ona straight ine. They are tortre a convenient fear Strengthen aparently veces =o tures are know. Seas way dierent vocoatos: IRblore Velues of iscoty snow here shuld be cetefed as type ony. 5.4 MISCELLANEOUS LIQUIDS AND GASES The viscostios of cata quid ae shown 2 unions of temperature Figure P.5 4A. The ‘econtae of eran ges ac vapars al ne amosphore pressure are gen by Figure P64. ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 151SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 5.5 EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON GAS VISCOSITY Figure .55 ls generalizes chart which may be usod to ostinato the vscostias of gases and ‘eheat lgated prosere {the cal enpertre ar raga ore vara ao rosie ica Th ey rao, nin. Bed agar reduced pressure, wih fo omporatiro, as a parame whet mand ar respoctval the vecoses at stmospherc Drseure and a preseur For ertical propery at, soe Paragraph PS. P-SCRITICAL PROPERTIES -6.1 PURE SUBSTANCES. “Table P-61 gives valves ofthe molecular weights, erica temperatures, and crcl pressures fora of pure compounds, Forine cleaton of compresaliy taco, tie rcommondo that and tompertires hydrogen lim, snd noon be mcteased by 118 pe and ‘SP afespoctdy '452.GAS AND VAPOR MIXTURES Figures 1.2, P25, and P-55 maybe used to estimate the properties of gas mires 2s wel as Pe sdbtsnes i pasudo-ciica properties re une nace orth cca values. The Feeudo-ctca’ iomperture and peste are Stine ex Tp ViTg Valarie tVaT Ppt Y Pu tY gPegt nner VeP ee ‘where 2s. ae theme ractions fhe niu components and 7 et and Fee et! are thet erticl temperatures ard pressures -7 PROPERTIES OF GAS AND VAPOR MIXTURES To estate properties of gas ot vance mur for which the Indhidual Component factions and properias fre lnoun, the flowing ferulas may bo use. P-7.1 SPECIFIC HEAT Cone XC XC ya +XuCon 7.2 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY gw KAM 2 Ka eC)! 6 ct Ku nC)" FMT Fe YaMa FY WMD P-raviscosiry LY LIF YA) 2 ot Wa Ya Md ae FMD KM) A se FM) hor, for component "0" Xq "Weight Fraction Yq Mole Fraction My = Molecusar Weight Cy Spectic Heat Kye Thrmal Corductvty hss Wiscosty 152 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTIONS » P-8 SELECTED REFERENCES: (0) Bol, Rand Shentood, TK. “Properties of Gases and Liquids, and Ed, MeCraw-Hl Book ‘Company, ine. Naw York 1868. (2) Comings, W, "Hlgh Pressure Technology, MeGraw-Hl Book Company, nc, New Yor, 1956. @)Houger, 0. A, Watson, KM. Raga. RA. “Chemical Process Principles’, Pat 1, 2nd, Joba SPE Senne New x 1050 : (4) Teaderberg, NV, “Thermal Conductive of Gases and qui" The NLT. Pross, Massachusetts insite afYechnciogy, Cambrdge, Maseachuset, 1068. (2 Yaw CL, Pryeal Propet, Chri Engst McGraw Sook Company. nc, New Yor (© Galt, RW, "Pyle Properties ol Hyrocarbons. Vo 1 8.2, Gut Pblaing Co, Hot Tens, ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 153SECTION B PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. 154 FIGURE Patt PETROLEUM FRACTIONS a oH TEMPERATURES, E Z i z Bs : i ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P-1.2 amuses eg mynd, > saa =f gasagTaaaaaee « SEERERSERS le alu i Au, iafll Uhh Hh wi petri sesseesg eat > SS7aRaa RIES al in RRR SESTANS Raa 155 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTIONS FIGURE P-1.38 o ‘s ‘aunsszud o30n038 eo 0 vo 90 go woe aowwe RSs HoT il Meg sanenon exonenu sonata a 3 swarms ene auwio Ye seer ornone ‘SLUVHD ALITIEISS34UaNOD azrwu3n39 44380 — Nos713N oo g Az ‘wo.va suraissauanoo joso lovo & Joo ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 156PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. FIGURE P-1.38 oh Al HL ae PL ‘standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association SECTIONSSECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. 158 Figune P16 20 oe ss a yak, fez vouses surnacszuen09 ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association * enuceD PRESSURE,PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS SECTIONS FIGURE P-2.1 F SPECI HEATS.OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS ‘wou stare “ : ig aa i “TEMPERATURE OCOREES ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 159SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. Figure P-22 “PECIFIC HEATS OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS “Prone HEAT: BTU/LB.KOEBREE F “TEMPERATURE DEGREES F 160 _Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS SECTIONS FIGURE P-23A (- BTU/LR xORGREE F oF ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 161SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE 2.8 fog srecine Wears 162 _ Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTIONS FIGURE P-2.9¢ stuns xoconee fed TEMPERATURE. OCOREES F Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 163SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. FIGURE 2.48 e SPECIFIC HEATS OF LIQUIDS Tae . SPECIFIC Tae "ee #2) Aa abe 7588 ee Ay Ee ie / at i 4 Beene Fd "38 o ey fl, got i 0° Bae 4 j sassadeeesGee Bos 2 288s 2S oFCS “el @ Tema Fes ns ‘at “100 ene Fees ace ie ae OF ig aa 164 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. Fiaune P28 SPECIFIC HEATS-GASES 1 ATM. & Set Buffy Feu Ng oot = a $004 Papert — oe olin |e woe ee 1400] $] Es al 0 eat, a7 is IRF. 21005 fee ene +005 4/8 -ys00 I} 1 pemanse Hon Ht Tomiie by WM Mehsana Coping 08, Marmite Compe Ie ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association SECTIONS 20 0 oF a7 08 os a2 207 165‘SECTION 8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. 6.6 ;(8Tv MOL xm) 168, FIGURE P25 caine Het Cnty Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS SECTION 8 FiQuRE Pat EAT CONTENT OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE ‘standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 167‘SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P32 e LATENT MEATS OF VAPOREZATION OF VAMOUS LIQUIDS ~ 8 2 i 4 mw 2 z : a1 © S| oe = 168 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. ‘SECTIONS TABLE P33, HEAT CAPACITY RATIOS (C,/Cv) estyene 126 Ae 109 ‘Ammania 1310 ‘gon 1008 Benzene 1.10 200°F) (carbon Dexide 1.204 Cchorne 1265 DichorodMtourmethane —1.130(77°F) thane a2 thy oh 4.19 (200°F) thy Ether 1.08 (95°) Etylene 1255 atm 1660 (280° F) Hoxano (>) 190 (178"F) Hyerogen 1410 Methane 131 Met Aleobo! 1.200 (171°F) trogen 108 ergs 1401 Pertane (n>) 1.096 (189°F) Sule Dine 120 (Al vaues at 60°F and one atmosphere unless otherwise noted) TABLE P41 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY CONVERSION FACTORS PSA, Ne tees Sah ae Be a oa oan Era i one ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 169SECTION PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. FIGURE P-42 IERMAL CONDUCT! OF NORMAL aa YORECARON LIQUIDS ee See casey hg ermal Corse t 170 _Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTION 8 FIGURE P-424, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS ry ere ia mr] Ina ern acta a) we Bal May Atal eon) 2| ie Ba Real fal] on Ab! ar ton Dimtte Ia oon Aes 180) 22 | Crono a wow 2) it Aete Be ors | ie * 10 avtne aa) 2 | ie ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association ”SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P-4.38 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF GASES AND VAPORS aT tae ee ee ‘coe ez | aes | ae | om & am | 38 | 38 BE | au | ome B | a #8 | a3 | me | 38 He | 38 | 3 | eae = 2 ae Eee, A os aS Sa aes ao = Steet | ao | am | 38 es sore on oa a me aa 8 | ‘eo on a = a = — oo wm a at as i st a me so a oon | ves | am TRESS san on oe | om we ven Ee sn ae a |S ete. a | 3 = Sa = a ee oo | 38 a | oe |e ou 8 a oe =e mis =a 3 rah 12 = a eta = == sero presse 0136 o1e2 0239 dad fom WaT by WH. Mem, Coppi 84 Merlo Company, nar 172 _ Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTION 8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P-4.4A, “4 sunsted pasnoay, 30 Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. 74 FIGURE P.4.08 oe era pei Maitre re TREOUCED PRESCURE.P. i vo ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. SECTIONS TABLE P61 VISCOSITY CONVERSION FACTORS See NWSE 2 RTE AT SS la OF Sno maeee VISCOSITY CONVERSION PLOT ee os i met onion | : tt MEW SECONOS-SAYBOLT WNIVERSAL &FUROL, HEDWOOD Neu, ENGLER TE Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 175SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P.5.28 viscosity EMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP FOR PETROLEUM OILS ° Lou peatil se teneneh QURE P-5.28 VISCOSITY — TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP FOR PETROLEUM OILS Everitt ‘ewrenatune oF toe benny 476 _Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS ‘SECTION 8 Figune p-5.20 VISCOSITY — TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP FOR PETROLEUM OILS aie t toe tesa FIGURE P.5.20 VISCOSITY — TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP FOR PETROLEUM OILS Eu pate Serer ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association WWSECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, ct ten tn te a ta he inne, 178 _Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationSECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P-5.28 11 mum ete, awe pent nn Se PD SSM ort at ozo loro loco ‘Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association 3 eg3s9 # 179SECTIONS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS FIGURE P-5.4k VISCOSITIES OF LIQUIDS AT 1 ATM. dem: BR amensn «© sEssa ss Mie ie ld S 180 _ Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manutacturers Association