Introduction to

Instructor: Engr. Joseph Kitma III

 NATURAL SCIENCE
studies the physical includes diverse disciplines
and natural world

Biology
Chemistry Geology

Physics Environmental Science

ENGINEERING
applies science and
mathematics

make the properties of

matter and sources of
energy useful
 ENVIRONMENT
- One’s surroundings
- Specific problems to be
addressed
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Land
Use of scientific
processes Water

Improve Earth’s
environment
Air
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Goal: integrate scientific and
engineering principles
• Minimize air pollution and
waste discharge
• Clean up polluted sites
• Waste Disposal
• Impact on environment
Abatement. Eliminating or reducing the degree or
intensity of pollution.
By-product. Material, other than the principal
product, that is generated as a consequence of an
industrial process.
Cleanup. Actions taken to deal with a release or
threat of release of a hazardous substance that could
affect humans, the environment, or both.
Abatement. Eliminating or reducing the degree or
intensity of pollution.
By-product. Material, other than the principal
product, that is generated as a consequence of an
industrial process.
Cleanup. Actions taken to deal with a release or
threat of release of a hazardous substance that could
affect humans, the environment, or both.
Abatement. Eliminating or reducing the degree or
intensity of pollution.
By-product. Material, other than the principal
product, that is generated as a consequence of an
industrial process.
Cleanup. Actions taken to deal with a release or
threat of release of a hazardous substance that could
affect humans, the environment, or both.
Food chain. A sequence of organisms each of which
uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food
source.
Solid wastes. Nonliquid, nonsoluble materials, ranging
from municipal garbage to industrial wastes, that contain
complex, and sometimes hazardous, substances.
Wastewater treatment plant. A facility containing
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other processes by
which pollutants are removed from water.
Food chain. A sequence of organisms each of which
uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food
source.
Solid wastes. Non-liquid, non-soluble materials,
ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes, that
contain complex, and sometimes hazardous, substances.
Wastewater treatment plant. A facility containing
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other processes by
which pollutants are removed from water.
Food chain. A sequence of organisms each of which
uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food
source.
Solid wastes. Nonliquid, nonsoluble materials, ranging
from municipal garbage to industrial wastes, that contain
complex, and sometimes hazardous, substances.
Wastewater treatment plant. A facility containing
a series of tanks, screens, filters, and other processes by
which pollutants are removed from water.
SIGNIFICANCE of Environmental
Engineering
preserve and improve
the environment
(air, water and land resources) to
provide healthy resources for
human habitation and for other
organisms and to remediate
polluted sites.
 Creating the
awareness
about
environmental
problems
among people
Imparting basic
knowledge
about the
environment
and its allied
problems
Developing
an attitude of
concern for
the
environment
Motivating
public to
participate in
environment
protection and
improvement
Acquiring skills to
help the concerned
individuals in
identifying and
solving
environmental
problems
COMPONENTS OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere
• Is the protective blanket of
gases which is surrounding
the earth.
• It protects the earth from the
hostile environment of outer
space.
• It controls the temperature
of the earth.
• It acts as a source for CO2 for plant photosynthesis and
O2 for respiration.
• It acts as a source for nitrogen for nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and ammonia-producing plants.
• The atmosphere transports water from ocean to land.
Layers of the Atmosphere
collective term
given to all
different forms of
water
oceans, seas, rivers,
lakes, streams,
reservoirs, glaciers
and ground waters
 The distribution of earth’s water supply
Ice Caps Freshwater
2% 1%

Today, 60% of the 2% is ice!

Ocean
97%
Major uses of freshwater

Domestic Uses, 7%

Industrial Water Uses,

13%

Thermal Power Plant,

50%

Irrigation, 30%
• It is the outer
boundary layer of
solid earth and the
discontinuity within
the mantle

• The outer boundary

forms a complex
interface with the
atmosphere and
hydrosphere
Layers of Earth
• Encompasses all the zones on
the Earth in which life is
present.
• Refers to the realm of living
organisms and their interactions
with the environment
(atmosphere, hydrosphere and
lithosphere).
• The biosphere is very large and
complex and is divided into
smaller units called ecosystems.
ROLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS
1) Collaborate with environmental scientists,
planners, hazardous waste technicians, engineers,
and other specialists, and experts in law and
business to address environmental problems.
2) Provide technical-level
support for
environmental
remediation and
litigation projects,
including remediation
system design and
determination of
regulatory applicability.
3) Inspect industrial and
municipal facilities
and programs in
order to evaluate
operational
effectiveness and
ensure compliance
with environmental
regulations.
4) Assess the
existing or
potential
environmental
impact of land
use projects on
air, water, and
land.
5)Develop site-specific health and safety protocols,
such as spill contingency plans and methods for
loading and transporting waste.
6)Design systems, processes, and equipment for
control, management, and remediation of water,
air, and soil quality
7) Develop and present environmental
compliance training or orientation sessions
8) Serve on teams
conducting multimedia
inspections at complex
facilities, providing
assistance with
planning, quality
assurance, safety
inspection protocols,
and sampling.
9) Monitor
progress of
environmental
improvement
programs.
10.) Provide
administrative support for
projects by collecting
data, providing project
documentation, training
staff, and performing
other general
administrative duties.
 Environment degradation
• Large scale despoliation of the earth
and its resources as a result of human
activities.
• Technological advancements has
 Environmental Ethics

• The discipline that studies the

“moral relationship of human
beings to, and also the status of,
the environment and its
nonhuman contents.”
• It extends the “traditional
boundaries of ethics” since it
transcends from humanity to the
“nonhuman world”
 Different attitudes about the environment

Development ethics
• Based on action
• Assumes that human race should be the master of nature and
that the earth and its resources exist for the benefit and
pleasure of human
• reinforced by the work ethics (dictates that human should be
busy creating continual change and that bigger, better, and
faster things represent progress which is good)
Preservation ethics
• Consider nature in itself
• Some preservationists have an almost religious belief
regarding nature
• They hold reverence for and respect the right of all creatures
to live no matter what the social or economical costs.
• Nature is beautiful, refreshing, and should be available for
picnics, hiking, or just peace and quietness
Conservation ethics
• Related to scientific preservationist’s view
• Recognizes the desirability of decent living standards
but works towards a balance of resource use and
resource availability
• Stresses a balance between development and
absolute preservation
 Environmental Code of Ethics

• Use knowledge and skill for the enhancement and protection of

the environment
• Hold paramount the health, safety, and welfare of the
environment
• Perform services only in areas of personal expertise
• Be honest and impartial in serving the public, your employers,
your clients, and the environment
• Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
 An example..... Environmental Code of Ethics
Queensland Outdoor Recreation Federation
To acknowledge our dependence on natural
environments and to consider the impact of our
behaviour …
QORF actively encourages outdoor recreation
participants to recognise their personal
dependence upon natural environments and to
consider the impact of their own behaviour in
natural settings. In this way recreation
participants can discover or develop strong
personal environmental ethics.
 An example..... Environmental Code of Ethics
Queensland Outdoor Recreation Federation

Environmental ethics can be expressed in many ways:

through involvement in rehabilitation and
maintenance projects; through modifying the way we
recreate in order to reduce environmental impact;
through environment advocacy; or through the
ongoing education of recreation participants in good
environmental practices.
Perhaps the greatest measure
of environmental ethics is that
individual participants
continue to exercise their own
moral judgement and care for
the environments they
recreate in through personal
choice, regardless of whether
their behaviour is public or in
private.
 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS VIEWED AT
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
1) Corporate Environmental Ethics
Corporation – legal entity designed to operate at a profit
Ethics are involved when a corporation cuts corners in
production quality or waste disposal to maximize profit.
 TOOLS USED TO EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATE
RESPONSIBILITY
a) Valdez Principles
• - have been formulated to guide and evaluate corporate
conduct towards the environment
• the Valdez Principles support a wide range of environmental
issues. Protection of the biosphere is one of its objectives, and
it encourages industries to minimize or eliminate the emission
of pollutants.
• They are named after the Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker that
spilled the Alaskan coast in 1989 causing considerable
environmental damage
b) ISO 14000 (International Standard Organization)
• certification for environmental management, i.e., on
meeting environmental responsibilities, controlling risks
and reducing liabilities
• a family of standards related to environmental
management that exists to help organizations (a)
minimize how their operations (processes etc.)
negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse
changes to air, water, or land); AND (b) comply with
applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally
oriented requirements
 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS VIEWED AT DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVES
2) Societal Environmental Ethics
Society – composed of a great variety of people with different
viewpoints
- The ethics involved when societies tend to exploit their
resources due to attitudes shared by developing socio-cultural
communities influenced by different people and leaders.
- Growth, expansion and domination remain the central
socio-cultural objectives of most advance societies
- Economic growth and exploitation – attitudes share by
developing societies
 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS VIEWED AT
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
3) Individual Environmental Ethics
- We have to recognize that each of us is individually
responsible for the quality of the environment we live in and
that our personal actions affect environmental quality, for better
or for worse
- Recognition of individual responsibility must then lead to real
changes in individual behavior
o Environmental Movements – have been effective in influencing
public opinion and in moving the business community towards
environmental ethics
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS VIEWED AT
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
4) Global Environmental Ethics
The ethics involved when much of the current
environmental crisis is rooted in and exacerbated by
the widening gap between the rich and poor nations
where industrialized countries contain only 23% of the
world’s population and yet they control 80% of the
world’s goods and are responsible for a majority of its
pollution
• International Protocols - international conventions
where nations can work together to solve common
environmental problems
Examples:
The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the
Ozone Layer
- a landmark international agreement
designed to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer. The treaty was originally
signed in 1987 and substantially amended
in 1990 and 1992.
The Montreal Protocol stipulates that the production
and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in
the stratosphere--chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons,
carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform--are to be
phased out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform).
Scientific theory and
evidence suggest that,
once emitted to the
atmosphere, these
compounds could
significantly deplete
the stratospheric ozone
layer that shields the
planet from damaging
UV-B radiation.
* The Vienna Convention for
the Protection of the Ozone
Layer (1985), which outlines
states' responsibilities for
protecting human health and
the environment against the
adverse effects of ozone
depletion, established the
framework under which the
Montreal Protocol was
negotiated.
Kyoto Protocol – convention on
the global climate change
- an international agreement that
sets a target reduction of
greenhouse gases (GHG)
emissions for 37 industrialized
countries and European
communities starting from 2008
to 2012. Specifically, it requires an
average reduction of five percent
from the GHG emission recorded
in 1990
Participating countries that have
ratified the Kyoto Protocol have
committed to cut emissions of not
only carbon dioxide, but of also
other greenhouse gases, being:
- Methane(CH4)
- Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
- Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
- Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
• Before,
engineers were
able to practice
their profession
without having to
address
environmental
ethics to the
same depth as it
is now required.
Engineering as a
profession has great
achievements in the
general area of public
health, water supply,
sewage treatment,
waste treatment, etc.
and we are proud of
all of these!
However, modern
engineers now realize
that there are also
negative and long-
term impacts of
engineering projects
on ecology as well as
on human health.
 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND
POLICIES
The regulations and common-law principles covering air pollution, water
pollution, hazardous waste, the wilderness, and endangered wildlife.

Drinking water must meet state and federal quality standards before it may be
consumed by the public.

Car manufacturers must comply with emissions standards to protect air quality.

The regulations govern the manufacture, storage, transportation, and disposal of

the hazardous chemicals used to make deodorants, hair sprays, perfumes, makeup,
fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, detergents, cleansers, batteries, and myriad other
common goods and products.
• Environmental legislation includes all laws pertaining
to the management of natural resources and the
regulation of discharge of materials into the
environment
• It plays a critical role in promoting environmental
protection through:
– Sustainable use of natural resources
– Pollution prevention
– Integration of environment and development
objectives
▪ Provides an important framework for regulating
social behavior and transforming sustainable
development policies into enforceable norms of
behavior
• Environmental laws assist the government in
adhering to international protocols and building
national capacities to address major global,
national, regional and local environmental issues
and problems in the context of sustainable
development
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7942
Philippine Mining Act of 1995

• All mineral resources within the territory and exclusive

economic zone of the Republic of the Philippines are
owned by the State.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7076
People's Small-scale Mining Act of 1991
• Promote, develop, protect and rationalize viable small-scale mining
activities in order to generate more employment opportunities and
provide an equitable sharing of the nation's wealth.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7586
National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
• Establishment and management of national integrated protected
areas system, maintaining the natural biological and physical
diversities of the environment.
 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 263
adopting community-based forest management as the national strategy to ensure the
sustainable development of the country's forest land resources and providing
mechanisms for its implementation.
The purpose of this Executive Order is to
entrust the responsibility for forest
rehabilitation, protection, and conservation to
the community of stakeholders by adopting
community-based forest management (CBFM)
as the national strategy to achieve sustainable
forestry. A CBFM Steering Committee shall be
established and shall be in charge of
formulating and developing policy guidelines
that will create incentives and conditions
necessary to effectively carry out community-
based forest managements
 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 481
Promotion and development of organic agriculture in the Philippines

• Promote organic agriculture,

forge collaboration with its
stakeholders, guarantee food
and environmental safety to
farming, & ensure the
integrity of organic products.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO.705
Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines
• Multiple uses of forest lands, land
classification and survey shall be
systematized and hastened,
establishment of wood-processing
plants shall be encouraged, & the
protection, development and
rehabilitation of forest lands
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1151
Philippine Environmental Policy
conditions under which
man and nature can
thrive in productive and
enjoyable harmony,
insure the attainment of
an environmental quality
that is conducive to life.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9175
Chain Saw Act of 2002

Regulating the
ownership, possession,
sale, importation and use
of chain saws, penalizing
violations thereof and for
other purposes.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1067
Water Code of the Philippines
• Ownership, appropriation,
utilization, exploitation,
development, conservation
and protection of water
resources.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act

Conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats

 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9072
National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act
• Conserve, protect and
manage caves and
cave resources as part
of the country's
natural wealth.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
• Adopt a systematic,
comprehensive and
ecological solid
waste management
program.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
The Act provides for the creation of a national program of air pollution management
focusing primarily on pollution prevention; for the promotion of mass media
communication in order to create social awareness and active participation in air quality
planning and monitoring. A Certificate of Conformity issued by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources to vehicle manufacturer / assembler or importer
shall certify that this new vehicle or vehicle type meets the mandatory requirements
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8550
The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
• Provide the food needs of the
population, limit access to the
fishery and aquatic resources for
exclusive use of the Philippines,
conserve the fishery and aquatic
resources, & to protect the life of
fisher folk.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8485
The Animal Welfare Act of 1998
• Protect and promote the
welfare of all animals in the
Philippines & the
requirement of a Bureau of
Animal Industry a certificate
of registration…
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8048
Coconut Preservation Act of 1995
• Regulate the
unabated and
indiscriminate
cutting of the
coconut trees.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8041
National Water Crisis Act of 1995
• Adopt urgent and
effective measures to
address the nationwide
water crisis which
adversely allocate the
health and well-being of
the population.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7611
Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act

Republic Act 7611 otherwise

known as the “Strategic
Environmental Plan (SEP) for
Palawan Act” is a landmark
legislation which had brought
together multi-sectoral efforts
in effecting a serious and
sustained agenda that will
provide for the continued
existence of a unique ecological
system not found in any part of
the world.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6969
Toxic Substances , Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

• Regulate, restrict or prohibit the

importation, manufacture, processing,
sale, distribution, use and disposal of
chemical substances and mixtures that
present unreasonable risk and/or injury
to health or the environment.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 979
Marine Pollution Decree

Prevent and control the pollution of seas by the dumping of

wastes and other matter.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 825
Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and other forms of
Uncleanliness and for other purposes.

• All establishments shall undertake the

cleaning of their own surroundings,
their yards and gardens, as well as the
canals, roads or streets in their
immediate premises.
• ****littering or throwing garbage, filth,
or other waste matters in public
places***
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 704
Fisheries Decree of 1975

• Accelerate and promote the

integrated development of the
fishery industry and to keep the
fishery resources of the country in
optimum productive condition.
I. Pollution Control Legislations
Republic Act No. 3931 (July 10, 1967)
An act creating the National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission (NAPCC)
Presidential Decree No. 1251
Imposing a fee on Operating Mining Companies to be known as Mine Wastes and Tailing
Fee to compensate for Damages to Private landowners and for other purposes
Presidential Decree No. 1151 (June 6, 1977)
Philippine Environmental Policy:
Defines the general policies on
the pursuit of a better quality of life for the
present and future generations
It mandates the undertaking of
EIA for all projects which may significantly
affect the environment
It formulates an intensive,
integrated program of environmental
protection that will bring about a
concerted effort towards the protection of
the entire spectrum of the environment
through a requirement of environmental
impact assessments and statements
Presidential Decree No. 1152
Philippine Environmental Code:
• It defined the objectives of the policy and strategies for various aspect of
environmental management, such as air, water quality, natural resource
development, land and waste management
• It tells about how to implement /enforce PD 1151
Presidential Decree No. 825
November 7, 1985
Providing penalty for improper disposal of garbage and other forms of
uncleanliness and for other purposes
Presidential Decree No. 984 (August 8, 1976)
Pollution Control Law:
• It seeks to prevent , abate, and control pollution
of water, air, and land for a more effective
utilization of the resources of the country
Presidential Decree No. 1181
• Providing for the prevention, control and
abatement of air pollution from motor vehicles
and other purposes (installation of pollution
control device)
Presidential Decree No. 1160
• Vesting authority in Barangay captains to enforce
pollution and environmental control laws and for
other purposes
DENR Administrative Order No. 34 (DAO 34)
• Revised water usage and classification / water
quality criteria

DENR Administrative Order No. 35 (DAO 35)

• Revised effluent regulations

DENR Administrative Order No. 14 ( series of 1993)

• Revised air quality standards
Republic Act 8749 – Clean Air Act of 1999
• Provides for a comprehensive air pollution
control policy
• Stipulates the development of an
integrated air quality improvement
framework, standards on ambient air
quality from mobile and stationary sources
and mitigation of all sources of air pollution

Presidential Decree 856

• Sanitation Code of the Philippines

Republic Act 9003

• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
II. EIS (Environmental Impact System) Regulations
Presidential Decree No. 1586
• Environmental Impact Statement System
• It declares the policy to ensure the
attainment of environmental quality that is
conducive to a life of dignity and recognizes
the right of the people to a healthy
environment

DENR Administrative Order No. 08 (series of

1991)
• Guidelines on the issuance of Environmental
Compliance Certificate (ECC) or
• Environmental Clearance (EC) for the
conversion of agricultural lands to non-
agricultural uses
DENR Administrative Order No. 21
(series of 1992)
• Amended the revised rules and
regulations implementing PD 1586
(EISS)

DENR Administrative Order No. 11

(series of 1992)
• Supplementing DAO 21 series of
1992 and providing for
Programmatic Compliance
Procedures within the EIS
III. Preservation of Natural Resources
PD 705 : Amended Forestry Reform Code
• Codifies, updates and revises all
forestry laws and emphasizes
sustainable utilization of forest
resources
PD 953 & 1153
• Laws penalizing illegal cutting of trees
PD 331
• Requires all public forests to be
developed on a sustainable yield basis
PD 1067: Water Code of the Philippines
• Integrates all laws governing the ownership,
appropriation, use, exploitation development,
conservation and protection of the country’s water
resources

PD 1198
• Reinforces restoration of mined-out areas to their
original condition to the extent possible

RA 8550: Fisheries Code of the Philippines

• Defines policies on the protection, conservation,
and effective management of fisheries stock as well
as identifying allowable fishing methods in the
country’s coastal waters.
RA 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(PCWA)
• An act providing for a comprehensive water
quality management and for other purposes
RA 9147
• Wildlife Resources Conservation and
Protection Act of 2001
DAO 15-90
• Regulations governing the utilization,
development and management of mangrove
resources
DAO 2000 – 29
• Guidelines regulating the harvesting and
utilization of forest products within
community-based forest management areas
RA 7586 – National Integrated Protected Areas
System Act of 1992 (NIPAS)
• DAO 25 –implementing rules and
regulations(IRR)
• Set forth in detail the processes by which
DENR and other concerned institutions
and agencies will establish and manage
the NIPAS

RA 7942
• Philippine Mining Act of 1995
• An act instituting a new system of mineral
resources exploitation, development,
utilization and conservation
• DAO Series of 1996
• IRR of RA 7942
RA 1219
• Coral Resources Development and
Conservation Decree
• A decree providing for the
exploration, exploitation,
utilization and conservation of
coral resources

RA 9168 : Philippine Plant Variety

Protection Act of 2002
• An act to provide protection to
new plant varieties, establishing a
national plant variety protection
board
IV. OTHERS
Executive Order No. 259
• An act to rationalize the soap and detergent
surfactant industry and thereby promote and
expand the utilization of chemicals derived
from coconut oil and for other purposes
RA 9211: Tobacco Regulation Act
DAO 2000 -92
• Chemical Control order for asbestos (CCO)
• In accordance to RA 6969 and DAO 29 Series
of 1992
DAO 97-38
• CCO for cyanide and cyanide compounds
RA 8485 : Animal Welfare Act of 1998
• An act to promote animal welfare in
the Philippines

RA 8435: Agriculture and Fisheries

Modernization Act of 1997

RA 3983
• An act to protect wild flowers and
plants in the Philippines
• To prescribe conditions under which
they may be collected, kept , sold,
exported and for other purposes
RA 9792 : Climate Change Act of 2009
• An act mainstreaming climate change into
government policy formulations, establishing
the framework strategy and program on
climate change, creating for this purpose the
Climate Change Commission and for other
purposes

RA 9367 – Biofuel Act of 2006

• A mandatory biofuels standard which
requires a 5% ethanol blend for gasoline
within two years, increasing to 10% within 4
years under the approval of a new National
Biofuels Board
• A 1% biodiesel blend for diesel is required
within 3 months, to be increased to 2%
within 2 years
 Environmental Compliance Certificate or ECC
Requirements of the Philippines
Before a proposed development project can
proceed with the construction phase, the proponent
must comply with the requirements of the
Philippine Environmental Impact Assessment
System or PEIAS, which is implemented by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
or DENR through the Environmental Management
Bureau or EMB.
 http://eia.emb.gov.ph/ecc-applications-and-issuance/requirements-for-securing-ecc/

Requirements for Securing ECC

CATEGORY APPLIED TO DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR ECC/CNC APPLICATION Office to process and decide

Co-located projects Programmatic EIS* EMB Central Office

A-1: New
Single Project EIS EMB Central Office

Programmatic EPRMP*
Co-located projects EMB Central Office
A: Environmentally Critical Projects A-2: Existing and to be expanded, (in case programmatic monitoring data are available)*
modified and/or rehabilitated
A-3: Operating without ECC EPRMP in case monitoring data are available
Single Project EMB Central Office
EIS if no monitoring data are available

Co-located projects Programmatic EIS*

EIS EMB Regional Office in the region where the

B-1:New Single Project
IEE Checklist proposed project is located

B: Non-Environmentally Critical Projects EPRMP EMB Regional Office in the region where the
B-2: Existing and to be expanded, Single Project
EPRMP Checklist proposed project is located
modified and/or rehabilitated

B-3: Operating without ECC EMB Regional Office in the region where the
Co-located Project PEPRMP*
proposed project is located

Project Description (Parts 1 and II)

C. Environmental Enhancement or Direct EMB Regional Office in the region where the
Co-located or Single Projects (to confirm non-coverage or further classify as either Category A
Mitigation proposed project is located
or B)

Project Description (Part I only)

Project prior to 1982 – Proof of Project Implementation prior to EMB Regional Office in the region where the
D. not Covered
1982 without expansion/alteration/modification shall also be proposed project is located
submitted (if applying for CNC)

* Note: (*) – optional, subject to laws, rules and regulations

Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) – a documentation of
comprehensive studies on environmental baseline conditions of a contiguous
area. It also includes an assessment of the carrying capacity of the area to
absorb impacts from co-located projects such as those in industrial estates or
economic zones (ecozones).

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) – the document of studies on the

environmental impacts of a project including the discussions on direct and indirect
consequences upon human welfare and ecological and environmental integrity.
The EIS may vary from project to project but shall contain in every case all relevant
information and details about the proposed project or undertaking, including the
appropriate mitigating and enhancement measures to address the identified
environmental impacts.
In compliance with the DENR Memorandum Circular 2010-14 dated June 29, 2010
prescribing the outline of the contents of EIA Reports required for ECC applications
and the directive to focus the EIA Study to the most critical environmental impacts,
project type-specific EIS Screening Form was formulated for projects requiring an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) per existing guidelines. The EIS Screening
forms highlights the pre-identification of the projected environmental impacts per
project type and the corresponding baseline data and the assessment methodology
requirement. These EIS Screening forms shall be used as a guide for scoping and
for completeness checking of EISs submitted as a requirement for ECC
application. The EIS Screening Forms likewise provide guide in the identification of
the critical climate and disaster risk parameters that need to be factored-in in the
EIA Study as well as climate change adaptation options that should be
considered/studied and incorporated in the project design.
To date the following project type specific EIS Screening Forms has
been developed:
•Agricultural Plantation
•Food, Food By-products & Beverages Manufacturing
•Forestry Projects
•Hydropower & Dam Projects
•Mining Projects
•Non-Food Manufacturing
•Sanitary Landfill Projects
•Thermal Power Plants
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Checklist Report Form – a short and
simplified checklist version of an IEE prescribed by the DENR and required to be
filled up by proponents for describing the project’s environmental impact and
corresponding mitigation and enhancement measures for non-environmentally
critical projects located in an ECA. The DENR prescribes appropriate corresponding
IEE Checklists for different projects with minimal and manageable impacts.
In compliance with the DENR Memorandum Circular 2010-14 dated June 29, 2010
prescribing the outline of the contents of EIA Reports required for ECC applications
and the directive to focus the EIA Study to the most critical environmental impacts,
project type-specific IEE Checklist Report Form was formulated as a pro-forma EIA
Report for Non-Environmentally Critical Projects proposed to be located in
Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA). The formulation of the IEE Checklist Reports
is intended to simplify and standardize the requirement for ECC applications for non
environmentally critical projects. These IEE Checklist Report forms likewise provide
a checklist of options for disaster and climate change risks management and a
menu of adaptation options enhancing the use of the PEISS as a risk-based
planning and management tool.
To date the following project type specific IEE Checklist Report Form has been
developed:
•Batching and Crushing Plants
•Building Projects
•Cemetery and other Funeral Facilities
•Fisheries, Aquaculture Projects
•Food, Food By-products and Beverages Manufacturing
•Generic – Other types of Projects
•Irrigation, Flood Control & Minor Dam Projects
•Livestock & Poultry Projects
•Non-Food Manufacturing Plants
•Resorts and other Tourism-Leisure Projects
•Roads & Bridges
•Subdivision & Housing Projects
•Waste Management Projects
•Water Supply Projects
Programmatic Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan
(PEPRMP) – documentation of actual cumulative environmental impacts of co-located
projects with proposals for expansions. The PEPRMP should also describe the
effectiveness of current environmental mitigation measures and plans for performance
improvement.

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) –

documentation of the actual cumulative environmental impacts and effectiveness of
current measures for single projects that are already operating.

Project Description (PD) – a standard documentation of the description necessary to

confirm non-coverage of Category D and Category C Projects as well as projects
operating prior to 1982. (Annex C of the PEISS Coverage Screening Guidelines for
the format/contents)
 About Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System in the Philippines, officially referred to
as the Philippine EIS System (PEISS), was established under Presidential Decree (PD) 1586
on 11 June 1978. Section 4 of PD 1586 provides that no person, partnership or corporation
shall undertake or operate
About anyEnvironmental
such declared environmentally
Impact critical project or area
without first securing Assessment
an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). Full implementation
(EIA)
of the PEISS transpired after the issuance of Presidential Proclamation 2146 in 1981 where
the technical definition of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) and Environmentally
Critical Areas (ECAs) was provided.
The EIA requirement will depend on the
magnitude of environmental impact of the
proposed project to secure an Environmental
Compliance Certificate or ECC.
For environmentally critical projects or ECPs
such as mining, golf courses, large power
generation plants, the required study and
report will be an environmental impact
statement or EIS.
 For non-environmentally critical projects or NECPs in
environmentally critical areas or ECAs, the required study and
report will be an initial environmental examination report or
IEER.
Other projects may not be covered by this requirement and
therefore would only need an application for a Certificate of Non-
Coverage or CNC.

For existing projects covered by the EIA system, the required study
and report is what is called the environmental performance report
and management plan (EPRMP).
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