Unit 6 A2 - Assignment Helpfile and Writing Frame
Unit 6 A2 - Assignment Helpfile and Writing Frame
Task:
In a report, you must investigate and discuss the Purpose of Websites, and the Design
principles that underpin them. You are required to address all of the content identified
above (taken from the specifications) and your report should be fully referenced linking
to sources of information you have used, itemised and detailed in a bibliography at the
end of the report.
Throughout the report, you will draw from your review of a range (minimum 2) of
websites currently active on the internet.
ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED YOUR ASSIGNMENT, THIS PAGE CAN BE DISGUARDED.
Websites:
The purpose of websites and
the principles of website
design (A1).
Contents
SECTION 1: The Purpose of a Website.......................................................................................................................4
What is a website:..................................................................................................................................................4
How are websites used: Delivering Content..........................................................................................................4
By Individuals......................................................................................................................................................4
By Government...................................................................................................................................................4
By Academia and Education...............................................................................................................................4
By Businesses and Commerce.............................................................................................................................4
How are websites used by their audience?............................................................................................................4
The User Requirements for a Usable and Effective Website..................................................................................4
User-friendly and intuitive..................................................................................................................................4
Consistency of design and layout,.......................................................................................................................5
Navigational consistency and predictability,.......................................................................................................5
Easily customisable for the user experience,......................................................................................................5
Flexibility of access across different devices and platforms................................................................................5
Section 2: The Principles of website design................................................................................................................5
General Principles...................................................................................................................................................5
Website / Interface Usability..............................................................................................................................5
Efficient Use of White Space,..............................................................................................................................5
Common and Not So Common Site Layouts.......................................................................................................5
Designing Sites for Accessibility..........................................................................................................................6
Site Navigation Techniques.................................................................................................................................6
Use of Typography and the Problems It Can Bring,............................................................................................6
Content Alignment,.............................................................................................................................................6
Consistency of Interface: intuitive design..........................................................................................................6
Credibility, Accuracy and Reliability of Content,.................................................................................................6
Use of different multi-media and media objects e.g...........................................................................................6
Minimalistic Design: simplicity............................................................................................................................7
Creativity and innovation........................................................................................................................................7
The Importance and risks of Creative Design (Thinking Outside the Box)..........................................................7
The Benefits and Risks of using unconventional layouts,....................................................................................7
Getting Your Site Found..........................................................................................................................................7
How Search Engines Work..................................................................................................................................7
Search Engine Optimisation of your website......................................................................................................7
indexing (how search engines use and catalogue meta tags).............................................................................8
use of keyword rich content What are KeyWords, and how does content rich in keywords facilitate higher
positioning within search results.?......................................................................................................................8
importance of updates,......................................................................................................................................8
Limiting, preventing or encouraging Search Engine Spiders crawler access.......................................................8
Website Reviews:.......................................................................................................................................................8
Evaluation Of Website 1.............................................................................................................................................9
Evaluation Of Website 2...........................................................................................................................................10
Critical Comparison of Features................................................................................................................................11
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................11
SECTION 1: The Purpose of a Website.
What is a website:
Briefly discuss what a website is. What additional features does it offer that traditional media (e.g. print, TV,
Radio, CD-Rom references etc) do not. Discuss the benefits of the use of HyperMedia (hyperlinks, linking to other
pages, other sites or other media)
A website is composed of multiple web pages. The website can then be hosted on a webserver which can be
accessed by anyone over the internet. Some websites are hosted privately such as a school internal VLE, these can
only be accessed when on a private website. Websites offer a quick and effective way of providing information
about a certain topic or purpose. When compared to other more traditional media, a website can be accessed
from anywhere so long as you have internet connect which in the modern day very common. Previously, the only
way you would stay up to date with what’s going on in the world would be through the newspaper. With the rise
of the internet, websites can offer almost immediate coverage of anything.
Website 1.0 is the name given to the early stage of the world wide web evolution. Individuals would use free
hosting servers or static ISP run webservers for personal websites. Web 1.0 was all about content delivery, this
means the user would access material and information from the webpages shown on the screen. Web 2.0
however is more focused towards communication between other users over the internet. Web 2.0 has no technical
upgrades when compared to Web 1.0 but more how websites are used and the purpose behind websites. Web 3.0
is the more modern stage in the world wide web evolution.
By Individuals
Explain how websites might be used by individuals. Personal sites, Hobby sites, Blogs and Journals, Clubs,
Conspiracy theorists etc. Screenshot a couple of individually run websites to help with your explanations. .
Individuals use the internet for entertainment, education and social media. The internet has helps user become
more connected and allows access you unlimited data. You can become a member of online forums allowing you
to take part in discussions and debates about the chosen subject. Media and entertainment sites like Youtube and
Netflix provide content which can be accessed for free, paid or subscription. Twitch is an online site that allows
users to watch or broadcast live streaming or pre-recorded video of broadcaster's video game gameplay. A Twitch
broadcast often includes audio commentary from the player, and video of the player might appear on the edge of
the screen via their webcam.
By Government
Explain how websites might be used by governments or government agencies. Ability to deliver vast amounts of
information and content. Driving government services like Vehicle registrations or filing tax accounts. Include a
screenshot and description of a website which supports this
The Government has its own website gov.uk. This site contains information for a variety of this from benefits
advice to visas. It also has a page where you can pay your taxes. Allowing people to do this only makes the whole
system much quicker and efficient.
Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges and Universities all use some sort of VLE learning platform. This can
be used to share information too students and parents. For example, pupils can access work set by their teachers,
compete the work and re-upload it back to get marked by your teacher. Parents can access it too check up on their
child progress, attendance and set meetings.
Businesses’ use websites to promote their brand and sell items over the internet. Many companies have their own
website. However, for individuals’ sites such as selly.gg and shoppy.gg offer users a chance to sell certain digital
goods without having to host their own website. These sites are very user friendly but take a percentage cut of
each sale.
Everyone uses websites differently. For example, an individual may visit a website to purchase an item online,
A good website must be easy to operate and understand, a clear layout is key to creating a successful website. The
user must be able to operate it very efficiently and with ease. Your site must reflect the brand or image you
portray.
Consistency of design and layout,
Explain how consistency (or lack of consistency) in a websites design might affect the user experience. Consider,
how an inconsistently designed website might impact on the user’s enjoyment, trust or user experience of the
website? Include a screenshot and description of a website which supports this
As said previously, a clear layout is key to creating a successful website. A clean colour scheme and design must be
consistent throughout all the pages to provide the visitor with a good experience. Having the same layout on each
page will make it easier for the user to navigate through the site as it will become more familiar to them. The user
may get frustrated if they’re constantly having to try and learn each page.
Each button must be thought through. For example, each navigation button must be correctly labelled to send the
user to the page they want. The home button must send the user to the home page. A drop-down menu button
must active a drop down. If the visitor is regularly guessing what each buttons does they will get irritated and
have a negative experience with the site.
Adding a way for the user to change how their profile and avatar looks on the site allows other users to interact
with everyone. From how someone lays out and customises their profile you can get a sense of what that person is
like in real life and allow you to connect with people on the website easier. For example, on a forum you would like
to be able to customise your profile.
Your website must be able to be access using all browser types. It also must be able to be used by all devices such
as pcs, tablets, and mobiles. You can either create a website designed for each device or one which adapts with
the device.
Responsive web design is where the website responds to the device, screen size and orientation. Using flexible
grids and layouts the text and media changes.
Adaptive web design detects what the webpage is being viewed on and chooses the most suitable layout. By doing
so will make the webpage better optimised for each device but you will then need to create multiple websites.
Section 2: The Principles of website design
General Principles
Website / Interface Usability
Take a look at: https://www.crazyegg.com/blog/principles-website-usability/ - What is meant by the terms
Website Usability. What key points should be considered in order to ensure that a website interface is usable and
nice to use, and not an unnecessary barrier to access? (availability; clarity; learnability; credibility; relevance).
How can a website designer test the usability of a website? Include screenshots and descriptions which
demonstrate website accessibility features of a website.
Website usability. Your website usability is determined by how well your website runs. It must be available 24/7
run smoothly and with no bugs present.
Broken links are links on a webpage that lead to page that will not load because it had either been removed or
blocked access. A site must be cleared of them as users may leave the site if the webpage doesn’t work.
A website can be viewed on every device with different screen sizes and download speeds.
Clarity A clear, well designed website will help the visitor navigate through the site and access information.
How it looks
There have been many studies showings that whitespace on a website can help boost user interaction. Colours
around objects will help them stand out on the page drawing your attention to that area. This will slow the viewer
down when they are reading the text. Humans Factors international carried out a research showing whitespace
increases comprehension by almost 20%. Whitespace helps the page look less claustrophobic and cluttered too the
user providing a clean look.
The website layout defines the structure. A good layout helps make information easier to find helping the user.
Layouts are often reused or changed little by different companies which a different colour scheme and fonts. This
can seem repetitive, but these layouts are proven to work.
Designing sites for accessibility refers to creating a website which can be used by a variety of users, even those
with disabilities. Doing so allows everyone to access the website increasing the userbase. Accessible sites are not
only helpful to people with disabilities but also improve everyone’s experience as they have a better overall
usability.
1) Colour
A good colour contrast makes it easier to see text on the screen. The colour of text and icons must be visible on
the background too help. A larger and heavier the font, the easier it is too read even …. W3C states a good
contrast ratio is 4.5:1. A contrast app can help a website designer make sure this is correct.
Colour can also help make certain information and text standout on the page. This could be good when showing a
basic summary of information, but it could also distract the user by diverting their view onto text further on in the
read.
2) Correct Mark-up
Having the correct headings and titles gives the content a good structure. Whether it be casual browsing or
research work good titling helps users pick out what information will be useful, in return making them more
efficient. Titling can be created by making text bold or underlined. It can also be done just by changing the font
size.
An appealing navigation technique on your site helps make it fun to use keeping user engagement and can help
the user remember the site they used and may revisit. However, it may be hard to understand and use the website
if the user has never experienced the site before. Also, sites may not be compatible and easy to use on other
devices such as phones and consoles.
Sticky navbars
A stick navbar follows the user as the scroll down the page, website will then stick main navigation button to this
bar as it allows quick access to other content. A good sticky navbar shouldn’t take up too much space blocking
content underneath but large enough so the buttons are not crowded. A fixed nav bar is better suited when
browsing on mobile as the longer, thinner and smaller page mean all space is needed.
Mega-Menu
A mega menu allows the user to look at all the pages and navigation buttons. If your website contains a lot of
content, then this is would be the navigation technique you would choose. However, mega-menus are only really
desktop friendly.
Vertical sliding navigation allows for unlimited navigation buttons too be added as the list can only go down. If
more buttons are needed, then the side list will just become longer. The only problem with this technique is that
it’s hard to create this and get it working for responsive websites.
National Geographic
This website is clearly laid out and easy to follow. The universal images for search and drop down have been used
which can be easily recognised by the user. Each other navigation buttons have been clearly labelled too show
where it will take you. The drop-down box offers more links too pages on the websites. This clean design is very
user friendly and can help the user become more efficient in their searches.
Good typography helps make reading easier and keeps user engagement. Here are a list of techniques and rules
you should follow when creating a website. More than 95% of information on the web is written language
showing how important it is to use correct typography.
Having multiple fonts will make a website look unstructured and unorganised. It doesn’t help keep a consistent
style on the pages. Fonts helps guide the reader through the text and draws attention to certain areas, different
font will confuse the reader and break engagement.
Using Google Fonts can help you choose what’s best for your website. It shows different variants of the font and
other that are similar.
3) Sentence structuring
A sentence should only contain 60 characters. This helps when content is being viewed on smaller devices it
doesn’t feel clustered on the screen
Again, good spacing between the lines of text help makes the screen feel less clustered and makes it easier to read
the text.
5) Colours
A good contrast between the background and text will help the user read the text. Avoid putting text of graphics
and using colour text unless needed.
Content Alignment,
Have a read of this article. https://uxplanet.org/10-tips-on-
typography-in-web-design-13a378f4aa0d Why is it important
to use content alignment carefully? Include screenshots and
descriptions of websites which supports your commentary
Each time you get into a different car, or sit on a bicycle, or sit in front of a PC, you breathe a subconscious sigh of
relief that all the main controls are exactly where you expect them to be. Consistent, and intuitive design is a
crucial factor in good web design. You should feel like you already know the website and how to operate through
the pages. This help the user become much more efficient at taking in the information given too them. A website
design can’t just create a design that is easily understandable by the users, they must find out what’s intuitive for
them.
Good reviews and testimonials will help answer questions and doubts users may have towards you service or
business. Website reviews sites such as Trustpilot log reviews by customers to help others. Certifications and
awards showing partnerships will also help make a company look trusted though their website.
Showing stats will help provide high credibility to the company and show they are a serious business with
customers. Also showing their time in business will help show they have experience and expertise.
For each multimedia object discussed, consider a range of ways it is commonly used (e.g. using images to show
products, people or galleries), the additional value it brings to the user experience, the importance of positioning,
quality and appropriateness. Include screenshots and descriptions of websites which support your commentary
A simplistic and minimalistic design looks clean and no feeling of pressure and when done well under the right
circumstances will look very sophisticated. However, it can also seem unfinished and maybe hard to include
everything. A minimalistic website won’t include flashing banners and multiple drop-down menus.
This sites layout is unique and creative. As you scroll down the page different products appear on the screen which
when clicked on will ‘unwrap’ the product and show details about what it contains. It gives a very premium feel to
the brand. One thing I would comment on is that in one stage of the animation the graphic of the chocolate covers
the text, blocking what you’re reading. This on paper may seem like a bad idea, however, they have positioned it
so there is always something else to read.
Using an unconditional layout may help the user remember your page and encourage them to revisit your site,
however the user may find it harder to navigate through the site as they are not used to the layout. Using a tried
and tested design may not be as appealing but works the best.
Getting Your Site Found
How Search Engines Work
Using the following links as a starting point, find out (and discuss) how search engines work, including indexing
and cataloguing information about sites and pages in their vast databases.
https://www.deepcrawl.com/knowledge/technical-seo-library/how-do-search-engines-work/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVV_93mBfSU&t=3s
Search engines constantly discover webpages which the add to a data structure called an index. The URL is stored
in the index along with
1) Keywords pulled from the pages content (what topics does the webpage contain)
2) The type on content that is found on the webpage 3) How recent is the page? 4) Previous pages under
the same domain
When a user performs as search using the search engine it pulls all pages deemed relevant from to the search
from the index. An algorithm is then used to rank the pages and then are shown to the user. Search engines also
considers the user’s location, language, device and previous search history.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvwS7cV9GmQ
Search engine optimization the process of increasing the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the
visibility to users using a web search engine. This can be done in a variety of ways.
Getting indexed
If your page isn’t indexed by Google, it will be very hard for users to find you page. You can check your current
indexation rate using Googles “Index Coverage Status Report”. This will show what pages are indexed a will
highlight pages that are errors. Errors may occur when the pages are low quality or duplicates. These pages you
would then have to change and make correct.
- The URL doesn’t work - Search engine recognises the webpage as being low quality - Robots.txt file tells the
search engine not to visit your site
Research shows that 95% of people only look at the first page of search results. And half the clicks on that page go
to the first three results. Using keyword wrong will seriously impact your business!
importance of updates,
Why is it important to frequently change and update content and pages. How does an updated page affect the
search ranking compared to a stagnant page? What easy ways are there of ensuring that key pages change
frequently?
Updating your webpage regularly will also improve the chance of being indexed. Newer webpages are more likely
to have recent and fresh content.
Website Reviews:
Vocational You have recently joined a web development company as a junior web developer. As
Scenario or part of your induction to the company you have been asked to select two web sites and
Context evaluate them.
Task 1 Select two different web sites and write a detailed and comparative evaluation of each of
them in which you compare and consider how the principles of website design have been
used to create sites which are creative and perform well.
You should also consider how suitable the sites are for their intended audience and
purpose and how they meet the client’s (the site’s owners) requirements and any
positive or negative outcome
Unit/Criteria To achieve the criteria you must show that you are able to:
reference
6/A.D1 Evaluate how the principles of website design are used to produced creative, high
performance websites which meet client requirements
6/A.M1 Analyse how the principles of website design are used to produce creative, high
performance websites which meet client requirements.
6/A.P1 Compare the principles of website design used in two websites, including their suitability
for the intended audience and intended purpose.
SITE 1
Site Name: Apple
Site URL: https://www.apple.com
Date Last 05/03/20
Visited:
SCREENSHO
T OF HOME
PAGE
Evaluation Of Website 1
Write your evaluation here.
The Apple website id very user friendly. At the top of the screen is a sticky nav-bar that follows you as you scroll
down the page. It contains links to all the main pages, a search bar which is shown as a magnifying glass and bag
icon for any products you’ve added. The Apple logo is also located in the top left. All these buttons send you to
where you expect. Further down the page is more text/graphics neatly laid out giving the impression that a grid
layout is being used. Text is easily readable with a good contrast ratio and colour. Text on the white background is
back and text over graphics is white. Everything is a big enough size to be viewed. The same font and style are
used consistently throughout the website with heading in bold. The overall usability of the website is good with
each page loading time minimal and graphics/text viewing fine.
The website also has been certified as a secure site which is needed for a selling site as users will be entering
personal details.
As an online store, the website is very suitable. When shopping online the user wants to browse the website,
compare and research products and ultimately purchase an item just like in store. The Apple provides all of this in
a clean, easy to use website.
One feature of the website which is extremely useful is the compare page. The user can choose between previous
models helping them choose what’s best for them.
SITE 2
Site Name: Pacific Northwest X-Ray Inc
Site URL: http://www.pnwx.com/
Date Last 03/03/20
Visited:
SCREENSHO
T OF HOME
PAGE
Evaluation Of Website 2
Write your evaluation here.
Critical Comparison of Features
Conclude with a critical comparison of the features in each site.
Bibliography
Source Accredited To Used For:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Pages_sites_servers_and_search_engines
https://hostingfacts.com/different-types-of-web-hosting/
https://hostway.com/blog/web-hosting-features-explained/
https://www.hostinger.co.uk/tutorials/what-is-a-domain-name