Plumbing Material Drainage Pipes

According to the existing Plumbing code cast iron pipe, weld steel pipes copper, vitrified clay, concrete
and asbestos pipes shall conform to standard other than the Philippine Standard. ASTM

Horizontal

Asbestos Cement Pipe:

Asbestos Cement Pipe – can be used as soil, waste, ventilation and downspout where remarkably
superior for embedment in concrete structure.

Asbestos cement piping shall not be installed under or within 2 ft (0.6m) at any building or structure.

Saddle clamp is a pipe fitting which is NOT use when water service is to be interconnected to the type of
water main. Asbestos cement pipe

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe:

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe – the cheapest among the sewer pipes sometimes recommended for house
sewer and for septic tank installation.

Brass Pipe – a pipe made from an alloy containing 85 percent and 15 percent zinc and generally used in
local branch lines and in alteration to match existing work.

The most common joints used for brass and steel piping installation is screwed and flanged.

Vitrified Clay Pipe:

Vitrified Clay Pipe – it is made out of clay, cast into length of 75 cm treatment with glazing compound
and durable for underground installation.

Joints in vitrified clay pipe or between such pipe and metal pipe shall be joined with Neoprene gasket
for hub and spigot.

In preparing of a mortar or form a sticky mass to be squeezed into the bell of clay pipe for a cement
joint, the mixture will be pure cement and water.

Cast Iron Pipe:

Cast Iron Standard Pipe – is used for a well-fitted hub and spigot connections.

SV Type – cast iron pipe generally use for building installation.

XV Type – cast iron pipe as extra duty pipe that generally used for underground installation.
Cast Iron Double Hub – is preferred when a piece of pipe needed is shorter than 150 cm long. When the
pipe is cut, both ends has hub to serve as joint connector.

Cast Iron hub and spigot soil pipe – a joint made by firmly packing with oakum and filled with molten
lead to a depth of not less than one inch.

Ductile Iron Pipe– a cast iron pipe in which the carbon is reformed by magnesium inoculation, resulting
in a material having high strength without otherwise changing its basic properties. Good corrosion
resistance makes this type of pipe especially useful in underground installation.

Joints for hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings shall conform to appropriate IAPMO Installation
Standards and shall not be considered as slip joints.

Bell and spigot cast iron soil pipe (CISP) and other similar joints shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten pig lead to a depth of not less than 25.4 mm.

Commercial size of cast iron pipe is 1.50 L.

Commercial standard length of a Cast iron hub type is 1.5m.

Commercial standard length of a Cast iron hubless type is 3.0m.

Commercial standard length of a ductile cast iron is 6.0m.

Cast iron piping in 10 ft lengths installed horizontally, shall be supported at intervals of not more than 10
ft.

Supports of cast iron soil pipes shall be adequate to maintain alignment and to prevent sagging and shall
be placed within 0.45m of the hub or joint.

Suspended cast iron soil pipe shall be supported at not more than 1.5 m intervals, except that pipe
exceeding 1.5 m length may be supported at not more than 3 m intervals. Support shall be adequate to
maintain alignment & to prevent sagging & shall be placed within 0.45 of the hub or joint.

In prohibited fitting and practices under this rule no cast iron soil pipe shall be threaded.

CISP stand for Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute.

Cast iron fitting up to and including 51 mm in size, when used in connection with potable water piping
shall be galvanized.

Stop box – is an adjustable cast iron box that is flash with finished grade and its capped with removable
iron cover.

*Types of joints for Cast Iron Soil Pipe:

*Neoprene Gaskets (for Hubless pipe)

Hubless Pipe – are cast iron soil pipes with plain ends connected together with bolted stainless steel
band and neoprene gasket.
Must be supported at least every other point except that when the developed length between supports
exceed 1.2 m, that shall be provided at each joint. Hubless or compression gasket joint

It is recommended for oil handling piping works in elastomeric gasketed and rubbering ring joints that
comply with the applicable IAPMO Installation Standard. Neoprene Gaskets

The hubless is used in lieu of the pipe when caulking and jointing of the pipe is quite difficult. The hubles
pipe (cast iron) is easily joined by use of Neoprene rubber sleeves.

*Caulking

Caulking – is the term for plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are pounded
into the annular space.

The Code requirement is that 4–inch pipe the caulking ferrules weigh a minimum of 1 lb. 12 oz. each.

Spring yarning iron – a caulking tool

Laddle – the spoon like tools use for pouring molten pig lead into hub as making caulk joint in cast iron
pipe.

Calked on the closet rings shall be designed to gas and water tight.

Caulk on closet rings or closet flanges shall not be less than 6.4 mm thick and not less than 51 mm in
overall depth.

Closet rings – it shall be tightly fastened with corrosive resistant fasteners up to the floor with top
surface ¼ inch (6.4 mm) above finish floor.

When a caulking iron had stricken hard a cast iron hub while doing caulk joint and had the pipe cracked,
what would you do? Replace the pipe and fitting.

Caulked or screwed joints shall be applicable to cast iron.

Double hub – a fitting for lead–caulked joint that is prohibited when in vertical position.

*Lead

Lead used for flashings or vent terminals not less than 14.63 kg/m2 and 1.2 thick.

Lead pipe and tubing must be supported vertically every 4 feet (1.2m).

Lead pipe shall be supported at by stiff metal or wooden backing for entire length with hangers
properly spaced.

The welt thickness of lead bends used in a plumbing system, according to Code, must be 1/8 inch thick.

The Code will permit the installation of elastomeric compression type joints as an alternative to lead
and oakum on hub and spigot cast iron pipe.
Solder and fluxes with lead content which exceeds 0.002 are prohibited in the piping systems used to
conveyed potable water.

Bending pin – a tool for straightening or bending lead pipe.

Vertical

Galvanized Pipe:

Galvanized Steel Pipe – is made out from mild steel, drawn through a die and wielded cast into 6 m long.
It deteriorates faster when used as hot water supply line.

Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe – better in quality than the steel pipe for plumbing installation and more
resistant to acid waste.

The benefit of galvanization is that it reduces corrosion.

No galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept at least
152 mm above ground.

Restaurant kitchen shall be galvanized sheet steel of not less than no. 16 gauge or 1/16 mm.

After threading of a G.I. pipe thru a stack and dies the next step for plumber should do is to ream the
inside of pipe for these purpose smoothening.

Code requires that vertical galvanized steel piping be supported at not less than every other story
height.

To meet the Code, 1–inch galvanized steel pipe threads mark be standard taper threads.

Galvanization provides a pipe with reduces corrosion.

Ferrous – the material used in the manufacture of galvanized steel piping.

Copper:

Copper tube shall not be used for piping carrying chemicals or industrial. True

Copper tubing used for water concrete slabs within a building shall be Copper tube with brazed.

Copper pipes are pipes that is remarkable for hot water lure installation.

Copper pipe are sized 1/8 bigger than their inside diameter.

Listed flexible copper water connectors shall be installed in exposed locations, unless otherwise listed.

How do copper pressure fittings differ from copper drain, waste, and vent (DMV) fittings? Pressure
fittings have a deeper solder pocket
*Type M:

Type M of copper pipe that can be used in water piping when installed aboveground or a top the
building or underground outside the structures with outside protective coating.

The color used to identify the drawn the copper tube for Type M is Red.

*Type K:

Copper tube permitted for underground water distribution is type K soft.

The description of the wall thickness of a rigid K copper pipes is Heavy duty.

*Type L:

The color used to identify the drawn the copper tube for Type L is blue.

The description of the wall thickness of a rigid L copper pipes is Medium duty.

The description of the wall thickness of a rigid DMV copper pipes is Medium/Light duty.

Return Bend – made up of two 90 degrees bends with inside and outside threads, flanged or welded
fittings: applied also to a or 180 degrees bends in copper tubings.

The width of color code marking for copper tubing is 6.4mm.

A horizontal copper tubing having a size 38mm and smaller in diameter shall be supported
approximately is 1.8m.

How many feet apart should 1 ½ inch diameter horizontal copper tubing be supported? 6 feet (1.8 m)

A horizontal copper tubing having a size 51mm and larger in diameter shall be supported approximately
is 3.0m.

According to the Code, 2–inch copper tubing installed horizontally must be supported at distances of not
of not less than 10 feet.

Plastic:

Plastic tube – shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers in its entire length for
small size tubing up to 38 mm dia. & without backings but with spaced metal hangers at approved
spacing for larger–size tubing.

Plastic pipe shall be supported at every 1-meter interval.

Plastic pipe joined by solvent cementing shall comply with appropriate standards by IAPMO.
How do you repair a leak on a plastic pipe fitting? Cut fitting out and install new fitting.

How is large underground plastic pipe joined? O–ring joints

Thread on plastic pipe shall be factory cut or molded. Threaded plastic pipe shall be schedule 80 min.
wall thickness.

PE or Polyethylene – tube made of plastic material and colored black. The cross–sectional shape is
circular and is denotes by its outside diameter or O.D.

PEX denotes as cross-linked polyethylene.

PEX tubing shall be installed not less than 18 inches from the water heater.

PB or Polybutelene – tube made of plastic material and colored black. The cross –sectional shape is
normally oval and is denoted by its outside diameter.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes used for drain waste vent (DMV) are manufactured based on standard set
by this organization ASTM.

PVC pipe and fittings are blue colored.

CPVC water pipe may be used for hot water and cold-water distribution system, within a building.

CPVC Pipe and fitting are white colored thermoplastic materials specially formulated to withstand higher
temperatures than other plastics.

Thermosetting – it is a plastic resin that cannot be melted after it is formed and cured in its final shape.

Thermoplastic – it is a plastic resin that can be heated and reformed repeatedly with little or no
degradation in physical characteristics.

In a solvent–cemented plastic piping system, most leaking joints are caused by a worker’s failure to
deburr the inside of the pipe.

When solvent welding plastic pipe, how do you insert the pipe into the fitting? Quickly insert the pipe
into the fitting with a one quarter turning motion.

Fitting:

Adapter:

Adapter – is a fitting used in joining galvanized steel pipe with plastic pipe.

When connecting plastic pipe to other types of piping, the specific transition intended shall be made
with approved: Fitting & Adapter

Factory made screw and of PVC adaptor fittings are acceptable for use if thickness to Schedule 80.

Coupling:
Coupling – a short internally threaded (female thread) section of pipe, used to join two pipes of
conduits.

Elbow:

Side outlet elbow– is a type of elbow with a third opening perpendicular to the plain of the run.

How do street elbows and standard elbows differ? Street elbows have one female and one male end

Bushing:

Bushing – a pipe fitting used to reduce the size of an opening which is threaded on both the inside and
the outside.

The minimum weight of caulking ferrule for bushing 4 inches diameter is 1.586 kg.

Plug:

Plug – it is used to close an opening in a fitting.

Cap:

Cap – it is used to close the end of a pipe.

Union:

Union – a three-piece pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes neither of which can be turned.

– a fitting joins pipes so they can be taken apart later.

Unions shall be installed in the water piping within 1 ft away from regulating equipment, water heater,
conditioning tank and similar equipment.

Union patente – a pipe fitting within the interconnection of pipes for the purpose of easy dismantling of
the connection when needed.

– is the knockdown coupling like fitting that is specially use and interconnect two water
service pipes in place.

Flange:
Flange– a fitting with a projecting collar along the edge used on installation requiring increased are
coverage for added mechanical strength.

Blind Flange – a flange that closes the end of a pipe used to discharge water.

Blank Flange – pipe flange that Is not drilled for bolt holes.

Fixture connections between drainage pipe and water closets shall be made with Flanges.

A self-sealing gasket is found in a full-face flange.

Tees:

Double hub sanitary tapped tee – may be used on vertical lines as a fixture connection (approved
stainless-steel bands with neoprene gaskets for jointing hubless cast iron soil pipes are accepted for
use).

The vertical distance of double sanitary tees maybe used when the barrel of the fitting is at least 2 pipe
size larger than the largest side inlet.

Tapped tee – a tee with branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fittings.

Offset:

Offset – in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends, which brings one section of the pipe out
of line but into a line parallel with the original section

Nipple:

Nipple – a short pipe with outside thread used for connecting pipe or fitting.

Shoulder Nipple – is a nipple that is threaded on the ends and has short unthreaded pipe in the middle.

Close Nipple – is a nipple that is threaded its entire length.

Materials for soldering nipples are bronze, copper, and heavy cast red brass.

Ferrule:

Ferrule – a metallic sleeve, calked or join to opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be
removed for cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.

Caulking ferrule materials like Red cast iron, Bronze, Copper shall be of the best quality.

The minimum weight of caulking ferrule of 2 inches pipe is 0.454 kg.

Clamp saddle – the pipe fitting used in the interconnection of service pipe and insertion to the water
main.

Saddle Clamp is a pipe fitting which is NOT use when water service is to be interconnected to the type of
water main. Asbestos cement pipe

Wye:

Wye – a hose connection with two–gated outlets permitting two connections of the same or smaller
coupling diameter to be taken from a single supply line.

Thrust blocking:

Thrust Blocking – it shall be installed at all changes in direction as tees and bends, change in size as
reducers, stops as a dead ends and valves.

Nut:

Lock nut – a nut that is screwed up tightly against another nut to prevent it from becoming loose.

How do you determine the center of a fitting? By finding where lines drawn through the fitting
intersect.

What is required when cast iron pipe and fittings of different sizes are to be joined or connected? An
increaser or reducer

Water pipe joints shall be installed no less than 3 meters away from sewer line.

Fitting for base or soil stack and building drain is ¼ inches bend.

What is the proper way to tighten bolts on a full circle clamp? Working from the center out.

What type of repair clamp should be used as a temporary repair? Compression coupling