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Unit I Foundations of Hci

The document discusses various aspects of human-computer interaction including input/output channels, memory, reasoning, interaction models and paradigms. It covers short-term and long-term memory, types of reasoning, input devices like mice and touchscreens, and output displays. Norman's model of interaction and goals of interface design are explained. The document also discusses ergonomics, mental models, text entry, command line interfaces, and the WIMP interface comprising windows, icons, menus and pointers.

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Ramesh Kumar
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218 views3 pages

Unit I Foundations of Hci

The document discusses various aspects of human-computer interaction including input/output channels, memory, reasoning, interaction models and paradigms. It covers short-term and long-term memory, types of reasoning, input devices like mice and touchscreens, and output displays. Norman's model of interaction and goals of interface design are explained. The document also discusses ergonomics, mental models, text entry, command line interfaces, and the WIMP interface comprising windows, icons, menus and pointers.

Uploaded by

Ramesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

FOUNDATIONS OF HCI
The Human: I/O channels – Memory – Reasoning and problem solving; The computer: Devices –
Memory – processing and networks; Interaction: Models – frameworks – Ergonomics – styles – elements
– interactivity- Paradigms.

Part - A
1. What is meant by Human-computer interaction?
Human-computer interaction is the study, planning and design of how people computer works together so that
a person’s needs are satisfied in the most effective way.
2. List the input and output channels?
1) Visual channel
2) Auditory channel
3) Haptic channel –movement
3. Where the Information is stored in memory?
1) Sensory memory
2) Short-term (working) memory
3) Long-term memory
4. What are the capabilities and limitations of visual processing?
Display screens can be used in various public places to offer information, link spaces or act as message areas.
These are often called situated displays as they take their meaning from the location in which they are situated
presenter’s shadow can often fall across the screen
5. What is long-term memory?
It stores factual information, experiential knowledge, procedural rules of behaviour it has a huge, if not
unlimited, capacity. Secondly, it has a relatively slow access time of approximately a tenth of a second.
Thirdly, forgetting occurs more slowly.
6. What is short term memory?
Short-term memory or working memory acts as a ‘scratch-pad’ for temporary recall of information. It is used
to store information which is only required fleetingly Short-term memory can be accessed rapidly, in the order
of 70ms. However, it also decays rapidly, meaning that information can only be held there temporarily, in the
order of 200ms
7. Define Reasoning. [A/M 2017]
Reasoning is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions or infer something new
about the domain of interest.
8. List the types of reasoning? [A/M 2017]
1) Deductive reasoning
2) Inductive reasoning
3) Abductive reasoning
9. Define Gestalt theory
Gestalt theory is defined as information processing theory. It is attractive in terms of its description of human
problem solving. it does not provide sufficient evidence or structure to support its theories.

10. List the POSITIONING, POINTING and DRAWING devices?


1) Mouse
2) Touchpad
3) Trackball and thumbwheel
4) Joystick and keyboard nipple
5) Touch-sensitive screens
11. What are the display devices?
1) Bitmap displays – resolution and color
2) Liquid crystal display
3) Special displays
4) Virtual reality helmets
5) Whole-body tracking
12. What are the stages of execution and evaluation cycle / Norman’s model of interaction?
1) Establishing the goal.
2) Forming the intention.
3) Specifying the action sequence.
4) Executing the action.
5) Perceiving the system state.
6) Interpreting the system state.
7) Evaluating the system state with respect to the goals and intentions.
13. What are the goals of interface design?
The goals in interface design are
1) Reduce visual work.
2) Reduce intellectual work.
3) Reduce memory work.
4) Reduce motor work.
5) Minimize or eliminate any burdens
14. What are the several factors that can limit the speed of an interactive system? [N/D - 2018]
1) Computation bound
2) Storage channel bound
3) Graphics bound
4) Network capacity
15. What is ergonomics? [A/M 2017]
Ergonomics (or human factors) is traditionally the study of the physical characteristics of the
interaction: how the controls are designed, the physical environment in which the interaction takes
place, and the layout and physical qualities of the screen.

16. What are the mental models and why they important in interface design? (A/M 2018)
Mental models are one of the most important concepts in human–computer interaction (HCI). It's a
prime goal for designers to make the user interface communicate the system's basic nature well
enough. The users form reasonably accurate (and thus useful) mental models. Individual users each
have their own mental model.
17. What is text entry devices? (A/M 2018)
Text entry device is an interface that is used to enter text information an electronic device. Most
laptop computers have an integrated mechanical keyboard, and desktop computers are usually
operated primarily using a keyboard and mouse. Devices such as smartphones and tablets mean that
interfaces such as virtual keyboards and voice recognition are becoming more popular as text entry
systems.
18. What is Command line interface?
The command line interface was the first interactive dialog style to be commonly used. It provides a
means of expressing instructions to the computer directly, using function keys, single characters,
abbreviations or whole-word commands.
19. What are the Advantages of Command line interface?
Command line interfaces are powerful in that they offer direct access to system functionality and
can be combined to apply a number of tools to the same data. They are also flexible: the command
often has a number of options or parameters that will vary its behaviour in some way.

20. What are the disadvantages of Command line interface?


Commands must be remembered, as no clue is provided in the command line to indicate which
command is needed. The commands used should be terms within the vocabulary of the user rather
than the technician.

21. What is WIMP interface?


WIMP stands for windows, icons, menus and pointer. It is the default interface style for the
majority of interactive computer systems in use today, especially in the PC and desktop workstation
arena.

22. List the elements of WIMP interface.


1) Windows
2) Icons
3) Pointers
4) Menus
5) Buttons
6) Toolbars
7) Palettes
8) Dialog boxes

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