Physics 4A Winter 2016 Test 2

Name:
Feb 16, 2016

Please show your work! Answer as many questions as you can, in any order. Calculators
are allowed. Books and notes are not allowed. Use any blank space to answer questions, but
please make sure it is clear which question your answer refers to.
For all questions that require answers that are algebraic expressions, the expressions must
be only in terms of the variables given in the question, and universal constants, such as g.

g = 9.8 ms−2 (If you like you can use g = 10 ms−2 , but make your choice clear.)

Stokes Drag:
R = −bv
v(t) = vT (1 − e−t/τ ), τ = m
b

The Drag Equation:

R = − 21 DρAv 2 v̂
 
v(t) = vT tanh vgT t

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ)
cos(2θ) = cos2 θ − sin2 θ
sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β
cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β
cos α cos β = 21 [cos(α − β) + cos(α + β)]
sin α sin β = 21 [cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)]
sin α cos β = 12 [sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)]
sin θ + π2 = cos θ

cos θ + π2 = − sin θ

1
sec θ := cos θ
1
csc θ := sin θ
1
cot θ := tan θ

1
 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
1. Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley as
time (s)
shown. The incline has friction and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block
and the slope is µk . Also assume m1 > m2 and the angle of the incline is θ. The blocks
Figure P5.41
start from rest and begin sliding.

Two objects are connected by a

ght string that passes over a
rictionless pulley as shown in
igure P5.42. Assume the incline
s frictionless and take m1 5 m1 m2
.00 kg, m2  5 6.00  kg, and u 5
5.0°. (a)  Draw free-body dia-
rams of both objects. Find
b)  the magnitude of the accel- u
ration of the objects, (c) the ten-
ion in the string, and (d) the
peed of each object 2.00
(a) Draw s afterdiagrams Figure
free-body P5.42[4 pts]
of both objects.
is released from(b)rest.
Find an expression for the magnitude of the acceleration of the objects. [4 pts]
(c) When the mass m1 has descended a distance d, what is the change in the gravi-
Two blocks, each of mass m 5
tational potential energy of the masses-and-Earth system? [3 pts]
.50 kg, are hung from the ceiling
(d) What is the change in the mechanical energy of the masses-and-Earth system? [2 pts]
f an elevator as in Figure P5.43.
(e) What is the speed of mass m1 ? [3 pts]
a) If the elevator moves with an
pward acceleration S a of magni- T1
ude 1.60 m/s2, find the tensions S
m a
T1 and T2 in the upper and lower
trings. (b) If the strings can T2
withstand a maximum tension of
5.0 N, what maximum accelera- m
ion can the elevator have before
string breaks?
Figure P5.43
Two blocks, each of mass m, are Problems 43 and 44.
ung from the ceiling of an eleva-
or as in Figure P5.43. The elevator has an upward accel-
ration a. The strings have negligible mass. (a) Find the
ensions T1 and T2 in the upper and lower strings in
erms of m, a, and g. (b) Compare the two tensions and
etermine which string would break first if a is made
ufficiently large. (c) What are the tensions if the cable
upporting the elevator breaks? 2
n the system shown in Figure P5.45, a horizontal force
S
F acts on an object of mass m 5 8.00 kg. The hori-
2. A submarine cuts its engine when its speed is vi and then coasts to rest. The equation
describing the motion of the submarine during this period is v = vi e−ct , where v is
the speed at time t, vi is the initial speed at t = 0, and c is a constant (real, positive
number).

(a) Find an expression for the acceleration in terms of the speed. Is the acceleration
proportional to the speed or the speed squared? [4 pts]
(b) How far does the submarine travel as it comes to rest? (Let t → ∞, so that
v → 0.) [5 pts]

3
 reads zero when the essary for the solution? other sourcesRofisfriction,
Suppose made twocalculate
timesthe initialThe accelera-
suspended obj
larger. (c)
car is at rest. (a) Determine the acceleration of the car Will the tion
required the car
speedhas if it has
increase, been traveling
decrease, at 100
remainskm/hin equilibriu
if the spring scale has a constant reading or stay
of constant?
18.0 N and is now shifted into neutral
If it changes, by what factor? (d) Will and allowed to coast.
revolves. Find symbol
when the car is3.inAnmotion. (b)ofWhat
object mthe
massconstant time required
reading
is suspended 28. A
from thefor eachofofrevolution
skydiver
ceiling mass 80.0 kgincrease,
an acceleratingjumps truck the string, (b) the ra
fromasa shown.
slow-moving
will the spring scale show if the car decrease,
moves with or stay
con- constant?
aircraft If
The magnitude of the constant acceleration of the truck is a. it changes,
and reaches by what
a factor?
terminal speed of (c) the m/s.
50.0 speed of the p
stant velocity? Describe the forces on (e) theDo the answers
object as to(a)
parts
What (c)isand (d) seem contradic-
her acceleration when her speed will happen
is 30.0 m/s? in the m
observed (c) by someone in the andtory?
car (a):
Part Explain.
(d) by some- WhatPart is the drag force on the skydiver whenis her
(b): increased
speed by placi
one at rest outside the car. 51. A truck is moving with is (b) 50.0 m/s and S (c) 30.0 m/s? puck. (e) Qualitative
a
21. An object of mass m 5 S constant
S acceleration
29. Calculate the force required to pull a copper motionballofofthe puck if
a
M 0.500 kg is suspended a up a hill that makes radius 2.00 cm upward through a fluid at the con- a part of
by removing
from the ceiling of an an angle f with the stant speed 9.00 cm/s.
u Take the drag force to be pro-
55. Because the Earth
u
accelerating truck as m horizontal as in Figure portional to
m the speed, with proportionality
M theconstant
equator experie
shown in Figure P6.21. P6.51. A small sphere 0.950 kg/s. Ignore the buoyant force. 0.033 7 m/s2, wherea
Taking a 5 3.00 m/s , 2
30. A small piece of Styrofoam packing materialno
of mass m is suspended centripetal accele
is dropped
find (a) the angle u that from the ceiling ofWthe f
from a height of 2.00 m above the ground. has Until
a mass it of 75.0  k
the string makes with truck by a light cord. If
reaches terminal speed, the magnitude of force
its (true
accelera- weight) o
the vertical and (b)(a) Figure P6.21
the If the truck Figure P6.51
the pendulum
travels makes
horizontally, Find a anisexpression
tion given by a for
5 gthe
2 Bv. After
angle falling
θ that forcem,
the0.500
string (apparent
the weig
tension T in the string. Styrofoam effectively reaches terminal speed and then
makes with theconstant
vertical.angle
[4 pts]u with the perpendicular to the ceiling, is greater? Assume t
22. A child lying on her back experiences 55.0 N tension
what is a? in takes 5.00 s more to reach the ground. (a) What take gis5the9.800 m/s2.
the muscles on both(b)sides
Nowof suppose
her neckthewhentruck
she is moving with
raises constant
value acceleration
of the constant B? (b)a up a hill
What that
is the makes at
acceleration
52. The pilot of an airplane executes a Find
loop-the-loop 56.forGalileo thought abo
her head to look past heran toes.
angleLater,
φ withsliding feet first as int the
the horizontal 5 0? (c) What
second is the
figure. acceleration when
an expression thethe
speed is
Q/C defined as the rate o
maneuver in a vertical0.150 circle. The speed of the airplane
m/s?makes with the perpendicular
down a water slide at terminal
angle θspeed
that 5.70 m/s and
the string rid-
supporting the mass to the
S the rate of change i
ing high on the outsideceiling.
wall of[6a pts] is 300 mi/h
horizontal curve of at the top of the loop and 450 mi/h at the
bottom, and 31. A small, spherical bead of mass
the radius of the circle is 1 200 ft. (a) What 3.00 g is released from so let’s u
the former,
radius 2.40 m, she raises her head again to look for- rest at t 5 0 from a point under the surface of a vis-
is the M
pilot’sonapparent weight at the lowest point if his rate of change of vel
ward past her toes.Give
Findyour
the tension
answersinin
the muscles cous liquid. The terminal speed is observed to be v
terms
true of
weight some
is or all
160 lb? of m,
(b) What g, φ,
is and
his a.
apparent weight a particleT 5on a straig
both sides of her neck while she is sliding. 2.00 cm/s. Find (a) the value of the constant b that
at the highest point? (c)  What If? Describe how the the equation v 5 v 1
i
23. A person stands on a scale in an elevator. As the elevator appears in Equation 6.2, (b) the time t at which the
pilot could experience weightlessness if both the of time. Similarly, fo
M starts, the scale has a constant reading of 591 N. As the bead reaches 0.632v , and (c) the value of the resistive
radius and the speed can be varied. Note:T His apparent constant vroomosity
elevator later stops, the scale reading is 391 N. Assum- force when the bead reaches terminal speed.
weight is equal to the magnitude of the force exerted the velocity as a func
ing the magnitude of the acceleration is the same
during starting and stopping, determineby (a)the
theseat on his32.
weight
At major league baseball games, it is commonplace
body. to is vi at x 5
cle’s speed
flash on the scoreboard a speed for each total
pitch.force
Thisacting on
of the person, (b) the person’s mass,53.
andReview.
(c) the While
accel- learning to drive,
speed you are in
is determined a 1a200-kg
with radar gun aimed by an of such
eration of the elevator. Q/C car moving at 20.0 m/s across a large, vacant, level an example
operator positioned behind home plate. The gun uses alistic. Consider (c)
parkingonlot.
24. Review. A student, along with her backpack theSuddenlythe you realize
Doppler shiftyouof are headingreflected from the
microwaves
straight toward the brick sidewall of a welarge (d) the possibility of
S floor next to her, are in an elevator that is accelerat- baseball, an effect willsupermar-
study in Chapter 39. The gun
ket and
ing upward with acceleration a. The student areher
gives in dangerdetermines
of runningtheinto it. The
speed pavement
at some 57.point
particular Figure P6.57 show
on the
can exert a
backpack a quick kick at t 5 0, imparting to it speed maximum horizontal force of 7 000
baseball’s path, depending on when theN on operator pullsof a swin
AMT a photo
the car. (a)
v and causing it to slide across the elevator floor. Explain why you should expect the force to
the trigger. Because the ball is subject to W aride
dragatforce
an amusemen
havewall
At time t, the backpack hits the opposite a well-defined
a dis- maximum value. (b) Suppose
due to air proportional park. given
you of its speed
to the square The structur
tance L away from the student. Find theapply the brakes andbydoR not
coefficient turn
5 kmv the
2 , it steering
slows wheel. 18.3 m consists
as it travels toward theof a horizon
Find the minimum distance you must be from the wall tal, rotating, circula
to avoid a collision. (c) If you do not brake but instead platform of diamete
maintain constant speed and turn the steering wheel, D from which sea
what is the minimum distance you must be from the of mass m are su
wall to avoid a collision? (d) Of the two methods in pended at the en
parts (b) and (c), which is better for avoiding a colli- of massless chain
sion? Or should you use both the brakes and the steer- of length d. Whe
ing wheel, or neither? Explain. (e) Does the conclusion the system rotates a

4
4. An elevator of mass 1000 kg accelerates from rest moving upward. During the first
few seconds of motion, the elevator’s acceleration increases with time according to the
expression
a = 2.00t − 0.300t2
where t is in seconds and a is in m/s2 .

(a) What is the change in kinetic energy of the elevator during the interval from t = 0
to t = 2.00 s? [5 pts]
(b) How far does the elevator rise in this time? [4 pts]
(c) What is the minimum average power output of the motor lifting the elevator over
this time interval? [3 pts]
(d) Why might the average power actually supplied be larger that the minimum value
calculated in the previous part? [1 pt]

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