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Properties of Laplace Transform: Example

The document summarizes four key properties of the Laplace transform: 1) How the Laplace transform handles constants and scaling factors. 2) The linearity property, which says the transform of sums is the sum of the transforms. 3) The first shifting property, which relates the transform of etf(t) to the transform of f(t). 4) A property involving differentiation of the transform, relating the transform of tf(t) to derivatives of the transform of f(t). Examples are provided to illustrate each property.

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175 views3 pages

Properties of Laplace Transform: Example

The document summarizes four key properties of the Laplace transform: 1) How the Laplace transform handles constants and scaling factors. 2) The linearity property, which says the transform of sums is the sum of the transforms. 3) The first shifting property, which relates the transform of etf(t) to the transform of f(t). 4) A property involving differentiation of the transform, relating the transform of tf(t) to derivatives of the transform of f(t). Examples are provided to illustrate each property.

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qistina
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WEEK2 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565

PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1) Theorem
If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then ℒ {α f(t) } = α F(s)

Proof:
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = F(s),
∞
ℒ { α f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝛼𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

∞
= α ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = αℒ{f(t) } = 𝛼 𝐹(𝑠)

Example
1
Evaluate a) ℒ { 2e5t } = 2 ℒ { e5t } = 2 (𝑠−5)
3
b) ℒ { 5 sin 3t } = 5 ℒ { sin 3t } = 5 (𝑠2 +9)

2) Theorem (Linearity)

If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s) and ℒ { g(t) } = G(s), then


ℒ { a f(t) ± b g(t) } = a F(s) ± b G(s)

Proof:
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = F(s) and ℒ { g(t) } = G(s),
∞
ℒ { a f(t) ± b g(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑎 𝑓(𝑡) ± 𝑏 𝑔(𝑡))𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞
= 𝑎 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 ± 𝑏 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
= a F(s) ± b G(s)

Example
Obtain the Laplace transform for the following
a) ℒ{5 – 3t} = ℒ{5} – 3 ℒ{t}
5 3
= 𝑠 − 𝑠2
b) ℒ{3t3 – 2 sin3t} = 3 ℒ{𝑡 3 } - 2 ℒ{sin 3t}
3! 3 18 6
= 3 (𝑠4 ) − 2 (𝑠2 +9) = 𝑠4 − 𝑠2 +9

3 2 4𝑠
c) ℒ{3 – 2t + 4 cos2t} = 𝑠 − 𝑠2 + 𝑠2 +4
5 3 2𝑠
d) ℒ{5e-2t + 3 – 2 cos2t} = 𝑠+2 + 𝑠 − 𝑠2 +4
6(3!) 3(2!) 4 2 36 6 4 2
e) ℒ {6t3– 3t2 + 4t – 2} = − + −𝑠 = − 𝑠3 + 𝑠2 − 𝑠
𝑠4 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠4
2𝑠 5(3)
f) ℒ {2 cosh3t + 5 sinh3t} = 𝑠2 −9 + 𝑠2 −9
2 3𝑠
g) ℒ {t2 – 3 cosh4t} = 𝑠3 + 𝑠2 −16

Rusyah/Norma Page 10
WEEK2 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565

3) Theorem ( The first shifting)


If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then ℒ { eat f(t) } = F(s –a)

Proof:
∞
Suppose ℒ { f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = F(s),
∞
Then ℒ { eat f(t) } = ∫0 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎) 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
Let u = s – a,
∞
∫0 𝑒 −𝑢𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = F(u) = F(s – a)

Example
Determine
a) ℒ { t e-2t }
b) ℒ { e-3t sin 2t }
c) ℒ { t2 e4t }
d) ℒ { t2 e2t + et cos 2t + 3 }

Solution
1
a) Let ℒ {t} = 𝑠2 = 𝐹(𝑠)
1
By first shifting, ℒ { t e-2t } = F(s-(-2)) = F(s+2) = (𝑠+2)2

2
b) Let ℒ {sin 2t} = 𝑠2 +4 = 𝐹(𝑠)
2
By first shifting, ℒ { e-3t sin 2t} = F(s+3) = (𝑠+3)2+4

2
c) Let ℒ {t2} = 𝑠3 = 𝐹(𝑠)
2
By first shifting, ℒ { t2 e4t } = F(s-4) = (𝑠−4)3

d) ℒ { t2 e2t + et cos 2t + 3 } = ℒ { t2 e2t } + ℒ { et cos 2t } + ℒ {3}


3
= F(s – 2) + F(s -1) + 𝑠
2 𝑠−1 3
= (𝑠−2)3 + (𝑠−1)2 +4 + 𝑠

4) Theorem ( Multiplication by tn – derivatives of transform )


If ℒ { f(t) } = F(s), then
𝑑𝑛 𝑑𝑛
ℒ {tn f(t) } = (−1)𝑛 𝑛 ℒ { 𝑓(𝑡)} = (−1)𝑛 𝑛 (𝐹(𝑠))
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠

Example
a) ℒ { t cosh 3t }

Rusyah/Norma Page 11
WEEK2 CHAPTER1: Laplace transform MAT485/565

b) ℒ { t2 sin 4t }
c) ℒ { t4 e-2t }
d) ℒ { t2 cos t }

Solution
𝑑 d 𝑠
a) ℒ {t cosh 3t} = (−1) 𝑑𝑠 ℒ{cosh 3t} = − ds (𝑠2 −9)
𝑠2 −9−𝑠(2𝑠) 𝑠2 +9
= −[ ] = (𝑠2 −9)2
(𝑠2 −9)2
𝑑2
b) ℒ { t2 sin 4t } = (−1)2 𝑑𝑠2 ℒ { sin 4t }
𝑑2 4
= 𝑑𝑠2 (𝑠2 +16)

𝑑 −2𝑠
= 4 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠2 +16)2)

(𝑠2 +16)2 −𝑠(2)(2𝑠)(𝑠2 +16)


= −8 [ ]
(𝑠2 +16)4

𝑠2 +16−4𝑠2
= −8 [ ]
(𝑠2 +16)3

8(3𝑠2 −16)
= (𝑠2 +16)3

𝑑4
c) ℒ { t4 e-2t } = (−1)4 𝑑𝑠4 ℒ { e−2t }
𝑑4 1
= 𝑑𝑠4 (𝑠+2)
𝑑3 −1
= 𝑑𝑠3 ((𝑠+2)2 )
𝑑2 2
= 𝑑𝑠2 ((𝑠+2)3 )
𝑑 −6 24
= 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠+2)4 ) = (𝑠+2)5

𝑑2
d) ℒ { t2 cos t } = (−1)2 𝑑𝑠2 ℒ {cos t }
𝑑2 𝑠
= 𝑑𝑠2 (𝑠2 +1)
𝑑 (𝑠2 +1)−2𝑠2 𝑑 1−𝑠2
= 𝑑𝑠 ( ) = 𝑑𝑠 ((𝑠2 +1)2 )
(𝑠2 +1)2
2𝑠(𝑠2 −3)
= (𝑠2 +3)3

Rusyah/Norma Page 12

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