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Transistor Theory PDF

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112 views30 pages

Transistor Theory PDF

Uploaded by

Carlos Iba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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© Ahmad El-Banna

Benha University
Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra

ECE-291
Electronic Engineering

Lecture #3 ( 2 weeks)

Spring 2015
Transistors
Instructor:
1
Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
© Ahmad El-Banna
Agenda

BJT Structure

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


Basic Operation

Transistor as an Amplifier

Transistor as a Switch

DC & AC Analysis 2
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

© Ahmad El-Banna
(BJT) STRUCTURE

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


3
BJT symbol
Transistor Packages

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
Basic Operation
• Biasing & Operation

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• Transistor Currents

5
© Ahmad El-Banna
BJT Configurations

Configuration Input Output

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


Common Emitter Base Collector
Common Base Emitter Collector
Common Collector Base Emitter

• Base terminal can’t be output


• Collector terminal can’t be input

6
© Ahmad El-Banna
BJT Parameters
• The dc current gain of a transistor is the ratio of the dc
collector current (IC) to the dc base current (IB) and is

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


designated dc beta (βDC).

• Typical values of βDC range from less than 20 to 200 or higher.


• βDC is usually designated as an equivalent hybrid (h)
parameter, hFE, on transistor datasheets.

• The ratio of the dc collector current (IC) to the dc


emitter current (IE) is the dc alpha (ɑDC).
7
Transistor DC Model

Ic= βIB
8

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
Collector characteristic curves
Operation Regions
• Active
• Cut-off
• Saturation

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


Active
Region

9
© Ahmad El-Banna
BJT as an Amplifier

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


Phase shift = 180

Voltage gain magnitude: 10


re = 26 mv/ IE
IE = I C + I B
BJT as a Switch

11

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


The Phototransistor

12

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
Phototransistor Application
Relay circuits driven by a phototransistor

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
13
• relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch
© Ahmad El-Banna
Optocouplers
• Basic optocouplers

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


14
Examples of optocoupler packages
© Ahmad El-Banna
Project
Motion Detection Alarm

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


LED Phototransistor Alarm
Transmitter Circuit Circuit

15
555 Timer Siren Circuit

16

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
Siren Using Op-Amp

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


17

http://bestengineeringprojects.com/electronics-projects/electronic-siren/
© Ahmad El-Banna
Transistor Bias Circuit
• What’s Biasing?
• Bias establishes the dc operating point (Q-point) for proper linear
operation of an amplifier.
• Why?

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• If an amplifier is not biased with correct dc voltages on the input and
output, it can go into saturation or cutoff when an input signal is
applied.

18
Q-point
Adjustment

19

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
DC Load Line

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• Variations in collector current and collector-to-emitter voltage as a result of a variation
in base current.

20
Distortion
Waveform

21

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


VOLTAGE-DIVIDER BIAS

22

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


Bias
Loading Effects of Voltage-Divider

23

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


Thevenin’s Theorem Applied to

© Ahmad El-Banna
Voltage-Divider Bias

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


24
Linear Amplifier

25

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
C.E. AC Analysis
• DC Analysis:
Capacitors  Open Circuit
(See before)

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• AC Analysis:
Capacitors  short Circuit
DC supply  ground

26
© Ahmad El-Banna
AC r-parameter Model
Input resistance

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


Output resistance

Voltage gain

Current gain

Power gain

27
© Ahmad El-Banna
Multistage Amplifier

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• A two-stage
common-emitter
amplifier.

28
© Ahmad El-Banna
Project II
Audio Preamplifier for PA System

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


29

Pre AMP, chapter 4 Class AB Power AMP, chapter 7


© Ahmad El-Banna
• For more details, refer to:
• Chapters 4-6, T. Floyd, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 11th
edition, Prentice Hall.

Elec. Eng., Lec#3 , Spring 2015


• The lecture is available online at:
• http://bu.edu.eg/staff/ahmad.elbanna-courses/12136
• For inquires, send to:
• ahmad.elbanna@feng.bu.edu.eg

30

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