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Electricity Basic: Voltage

Voltage is the difference in charge between two points, current is the flow of charge, and resistance resists current flow. Ohm's law states current is directly proportional to voltage. A circuit is a path for current. In series circuits, the same current flows through components but voltage drops across each. In parallel, the same voltage applies but current splits. Series adds resistances while parallel calculates reciprocal sums of resistances.

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31 views

Electricity Basic: Voltage

Voltage is the difference in charge between two points, current is the flow of charge, and resistance resists current flow. Ohm's law states current is directly proportional to voltage. A circuit is a path for current. In series circuits, the same current flows through components but voltage drops across each. In parallel, the same voltage applies but current splits. Series adds resistances while parallel calculates reciprocal sums of resistances.

Uploaded by

Monir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electricity Basic

Voltage
Voltage is the difference in charge between two points.

Current
Current is the rate at which charge is flowing.

Resistance
Resistance is a material's tendency to resist the flow of charge (current).

Ohm’s Law Statement

Ohm’s law state that the current flowing through a resistor is directly proportional to the
potential difference (voltage) applied across its ends. That is,

  V = IR
Unit of voltage=v
Unit of current=A
Resistance=Ω

Circuit
 A circuit is a path between two or more points along which an electrical current can be carried.

Series Circuits
Components connected in series are connected along a single conductive path, so the
same current flows through all of the components but voltage is dropped (lost) across each of the
resistances. In a series circuit, the sum of the voltages consumed by each individual resistance is
equal to the source voltage. Components connected in parallel are connected along multiple
paths so that the current can split up; the same voltage is applied to each component.
A circuit composed solely of components connected in series is known as a series circuit;
likewise, one connected completely in parallel is known as a parallel circuit.

Md. Monirul Islam, Lecturer-CSE, Dept. of Textile Engineering, Uttara University.


monir.duet.cse@gmail.com
In a series circuit, the current that flows through each of the components is the same, and
the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltage drops across each component.
In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current
is the sum of the currents flowing through each component
Here's an example circuit with three series resistors:

Rt=R1+R2+R3=10+20+25=55

V=40

V=IR

I=V%R=40%55=A

There's only one way for the current to flow in the above circuit. Starting from the positive
terminal of the battery, current flow will first encounter R1. From there the current will flow
straight to R2, then to R3, and finally back to the negative terminal of the battery. Note that there
is only one path for current to follow. These components are in series.
Here's an example schematic of three resistors in parallel with a battery:

From the positive battery terminal, current flows to R1... and R2, and R3. The node that connects
the battery to R1 is also connected to the other resistors. The other ends of these resistors are
similarly tied together, and then tied back to the negative terminal of the battery. There are three
distinct paths that current can take before returning to the battery, and the associated resistors are
said to be in parallel.

***Math of Series and Parallel Circuits.


1%Rt=1%R1+R2=1%100+1%250=

Md. Monirul Islam, Lecturer-CSE, Dept. of Textile Engineering, Uttara University.


monir.duet.cse@gmail.com
Md. Monirul Islam, Lecturer-CSE, Dept. of Textile Engineering, Uttara University.
monir.duet.cse@gmail.com

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