AMA University Online Education

AMA University Online Education

AMA Building II, #59B Panay Avenue,
Brgy. Paligsahan Quezon City 1100
Manila, Philippines

A research entitled

“E-COMMERCE INLIMITED OPPORTUNITIES FOR START-UPS AND ASPIRING

ENTREPRENEURS”

is presented
as a partial requirement in
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
On the subject
The Contemporary World (GE6102)

Submitted by:

GERMAINE B. DAVID
Researcher

Submitted to:

PROF. GABRIELLIE ROSE R. NEPOMUCENO

Research Adviser

June 2019

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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject course, GE102 – The
Contemporary World this research paper entitled "E-COMMERCE INLIMITED
OPPORTUNITIES FOR START-UPS AND ASPIRING ENTREPRENEURS" has
been prepared and submitted by Germaine B. David, accepted and approved in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Computer Science (BSCS) who is hereby recommended for oral examination.

__________________________________
PROF. GABRIELLIE ROSE R. NEPOMUCENO
Research Adviser

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to extend our sincere gratitude and appreciation to the following
individuals who shared and contributed their assistance and time for the fulfillment of
this study.
First of all, our Almighty God who gives us the wisdom and strength that we need in
finishing the research.
To our adviser, Ms. Gabriellie Rose R. Nepomuceno for the valuable guidance and
consideration for the realization of this research
To our Families and love ones, who gives us the encouragement, love, compassion
and never-ending support.
To Kristian Gaw and Jonathan Bathan for helping us in the distribution of the survey.
To our friends,who generously helped and encouraged us to finish this study

Thank you and may God’s infinite grace and mercy be upon you all!
-Maine, Janelle, Che, Ly, Christine

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ABSTRACT

Title : E-COMMERCE INLIMITED OPPORTUNITIES FOR START-UPS

AND ASPIRING ENTREPRENEURS

Researcher/s: Germaine B. David

Christine Joy B. Cabancla

Janelle I. Palattao

Crizelle M. Canoza

Lyssander E. Daloga-og

Adviser : Prof. Gabriellie Rose R. Nepomuceno

Program : Bachelor in Computer Science (BSCS)

School : AMA University Online Education

For the purpose of exploring and describing factors, level of awareness, and
opportunities involving Ecommerce transactions for start-ups and aspiring
entrepreneurs, the result of this research will send some clarity and self-expression
on how we can motivate and provide assistance to start-ups and aspiring
entrepreneurs to explore possibilities in venturing to Ecommerce businesses. The
manifestations of their willingness will depend on their adaptability in coping to certain
problems that will rise in doing this digital business.

With the rise of modern technologies, this study would want to encourage the 71% of
the population that are active in social medias to take advantage of these current
business trends. These social media platforms evolved to be a channel where they
can be productive and entertained at the same time. Especially during this trying
times that all are inflicted in their source of income, Ecommerce business will give
some ease to this burden.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Note: hide the table’s borders after you completed the paper)

Preliminaries
Title Page …..…………………….………………………………………………………….. 1
Approval Sheet ……………………..……………………………………………………. 2
Acknowledgement ………………….…………………………………………………….. 3
Abstract ...………………………….……………………………………………………… 4
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………….. 5
List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………….. 5
List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………….. 5

Part I. Introduction
Background of the Study ……………………...……………………………… 7
Statement of the Problem ………………………….………………………... 9
Objectives of the Study ………………………………….…………………… 10
Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………... 11
Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………….. 12
Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………….. 14
Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………. 14
Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………. 15
Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………… 16

Part II. Methodology

Research Design ……………………………………………………………… 19
……..…………...
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique 19
…...
Description of the Respondents ………………………………………….…. 19
Research Instrument ………………………………………………………….. 19
Data Collection or Data Gathering Procedure ………………………..…… 20
Statistical Treatment of Data ……………………..………………….……… 20

III. Results
Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis …...…………….………… 21

IV. Discussion
Summary of the Result ………………………………………………….....… 28
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….. 29
Recommendations ……………………………………………………………. 30

References ……….……..…………………………………………………………………. 31
Appendices
Appendix A: Research Instrument …………………………………… 34
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Appendix B: Topic Proposal Sheet ................................................... 38
…………………………………………………………………………….........
Biography 40
.

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Part 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

E-commerce, or internet-based commercial transaction, is the emerging trend

of modern business and it is the wave of the future according to Shopify(2020) ,a
globally popular shopping corporation, refers to this electronic business phenomenon
as “the selling of goods and services using the internet, and the transfer of money
and data to execute these transactions.”

Shopify (2020) noted that e-commerce has significantly enabled them to grow
their business in ways that are hardly imaginable during the era of offline retail. In
fact, the projected global retail sales for 2020 already run by 27 trillion dollars. And
yet, only 4.5 billion, or half of the world’s population, have access to the internet. As it
is, there are industries that are already immersed online, especially among the first
world countries where electronic commercial activities have sprung in various fronts,
leading to transactions beyond borders. For 2019, online sales growth is led by
Mexico and India. The Philippines ranked third. But surprisingly, the country is a notch
higher than China according to dareportal(2019)

S
ource: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-ecommerce-in-the-philippines.

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Source: https://www.talkwalker.com/blog/social-media-statistics-philippines.

Based on the preceding tabular data obtained from Talkwalker (2019) a blog
site, around 75 million out of 107 million Filipinos in 2019 are social media users. 97%
of these have easy access to various social media platforms such as the popular
Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter. In the aggregate, the majority Filipino
social media users lie between the age brackets 18-24 and 25-34 years old.

S
ource: https://www.talkwalker.com/blog/social-media-statistics-philippines.

In a recent Digital 2020 survey, the social media users in the Philippines are
considered as the most active in the world. Filipinos spend a daily average of three
hours and 53 minutes on social media while the global average is only two hours and
24 minutes. These account for more than one-third of the Filipinos’ total internet time.
As likewise shown in the above graphics, the top themes among Filipinos have
various shades of optimism. Certainly, these include economic growth and actionable
markets.

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As business grows, product range and target audience in the market likewise
expand. The business entity may now be able to scale for customer requirements and
consumer demand, allowing for more product or service lines, more payment and
shipping options for the valued end-users or customers. Thus, with a highly optimized
website that is accessible to all in real-time, the business can generate more sales
and reduce transaction costs that are often the problem among the traditional stores.

The Philippine government recognizes this phenomenal trend as early as

2000, six years after the world’s first-recorded online commercial sale of Sting’s CD in
the United States, when Congress passed Republic Act 8792, otherwise referred to
as the E-Commerce Act of the Philippines.

This is said to be a landmark legislative enactment being pushed by the

internet community even back in 1999 which made the country as one of the
legitimate players in the global market. Among its salient features, the e-commerce
law gives legal recognition of electronic data messages and documents as well as
electronic signatures.

It also allows for the formation of contracts in electronic form and makes
banking transactions done through ATM switching networks, and provides parties to
the online transaction the right to choose the type and level of security methods that
suit their needs. The Philippine courts now even admit any electronic form of
evidence as equivalent to a hard document.

Statement of the Problem

There is no doubt about the applicability of modern business trends such as

the e-commerce in the Philippines. From the legal standpoint, e-commerce has been
a vital part of the country’s economic and financial landscape for nearly a fifth of a
century since Congress enacted it into law in 2000 Hypothetically, being the most
active social media users in the world, the domestic market is indeed a potential
avenue to do business.

Recognizing this vast opportunity, the country is presently integrated with the
global marketplace. Certainly, strategic transnational companies are taking advantage
of the new information and communication technology as well as the permissive legal
and economic environment for their diversified investments. Uberdigit.com (2019), a
social media trend analyst, used to identify some structural barriers for online
businesses in order to grow and prosper among emerging market economies like the
Philippines.

According to Investopedia (2020), this type of economies refers to the

emerging market that is transitioning from less developed, often pre-industrial
economy, towards modernity with a higher standard of living. Parenthetically, the
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Philippines has slowly gaining the reputation as emergent, at least in this part of
Southeast Asia.

However, despite the projected decline due to the COVID-19 public health
crisis, many experts say that the common structural barriers such as lack of online
buying culture among Filipinos and trust issues availing in electronic transactions, can
hardly stick with the consumers as the critical mass of online buyers, especially the
upper middle class and the socio-economic elites, resort to transacting business with
Lazada PH, an online shopping hub, and even pay using various platforms available
in the cyberspace.

In this research, therefore, there is a need to survey the various existing local
business ventures that taps or employs the internet technology and assess their
degree of sustainability. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilized to
gather the required primary and secondary data shall be used for the purpose of
knowing the key.

Specifically, the research will delve on online entities with capital of less than
the PIDS-mentioned determinable funds on micro-to-small-sized businesses which
have been actively using the different social media platforms to push for their
products or services. It will likewise determine their monthly or quarterly income
prospects, the systems applied in their operations, and the technical requirements to
successfully launch and sustain them.

As an applied research, the end-goal is to come up with a business prototype,

including the manner by which they were established and the legal pre-requisites
necessary to operate. Needless to state, the funding sources are important to ensure
that the online business will be sustained both in the short and long term.

Objective of the Study

The research primarily aims to determine the type of business ventures that
can be managed electronically even by a handful few start-up business
entrepreneurs. To evaluate the various technical requirements for the business to
operate, market the products or services, and assure delivery to the consumers. This
is the impelling reason for the study and by itself, the significance of taking the first
tentative step forward to be keenly aware of milestone trends in business and
technology.

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Significance of the Study

If statistical data clearly indicate, the unemployment rate in the Philippines for
2020 is roughly translated to 2.39 million Filipinos. As more college graduates join the
labor force each year, a number will add up to the army of the unemployed while
some, even if employed, still continue to look for economically viable jobs in order to
augment their meager income.

Moreover, among employed persons, workers in the services sector made up

58.6 percent of the total. According to TradingEconomics, the rest of these workers or
41.55% are distributed to the agriculture and industry sectors. With more young
Filipinos yet to be employed, there is an imperative need to identify areas in the labor
market where new skills may be applied. One of these marketable skills lies in
computer and information technology (ICT).

Source: https://tradingeconomics.com/

The ICT revolution has positively rubbed off on the young Filipinos since they
are readily adaptive to innovation and the internet technology. In fact, as earlier cited,
a significant chunk of the social media users belongs to the age brackets of 24-35
years old. And, if roughly estimated, more than 2 million of these are simply
unemployed or are still searching for greener pastures in an otherwise fully saturated
labor market.

The significance of this study is more than just academic. It is practically

applicable to the extent that once the prototype for viable online business is clearly
established, young entrepreneurs may venture into. While this phenomenal trend is
popular, not all are ready to try for fear of the unknown, or worse, for having little or
zero knowledge at all on how to do business using digital technology.

The contemporary world may find disruptive changes unsettling but, in the
final analysis, novel knowledge arising from an in-depth research and development is
oft credited as vital source of stability. This is the impelling reason for the study and

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by itself, the significance of taking the first tentative step forward to be keenly aware
of milestone trends in business and technology.

Scope and Limitation

As discussed in the previous chapter, the overriding goal of the research is to

come up with a prototype online business as model for aspiring entrepreneurs. To
achieve this, the respondents are required to answer some open-ended
questionnaires being distributed thru the internet. This is unlike in a natural setting,
however, since there is no physical interface between the target respondents and the
researchers. But follow-up questions may be asked to clarify certain points that seem
vague or ambiguous in order to interpret the data gathered in a more objective and
scientific way.

Thus initially, the researchers, adapting from different definitions provided by

different sources, defined it as a mode of doing business and as a process that
largely depends on electronic transactions between the buyer and seller of products
and services in the market. e-commerce is simply a virtual business deal or
transaction that eliminates the more traditional and yes, cumbersome physical
interaction.

Based on the cursory evaluation of the study, the topic itself is well-explored
by academic experts in business management, internet and communications
technology as well as marketing and economics. For the most part, the literature
deals with successful online corporate entities abroad which practically revolutionized
the industries. Rarely, however, are focused on the domestic front except for popular
brands engaged in online merchandising, financial services such as banking and
other intermediaries. These are often medium-sized businesses with significant
capital exposure or equity.

Hence, in this research study, the primary targets are micro-to-small business
enterprises. These are groups initiated by upstart business entrepreneurs with garage
or boutique-level operations. Since the ultimate goal is to simulate a prototype for
online-based commercial projects, the researchers deliberately inquire into any
existing entities that made a mark in the field. How they did it and their formula for
success, including any of the set-backs and failures they may have encountered
during the initial operational stages, are qualitative questions that are likewise
covered so as to further enrich the study.

To identify the target respondents, the researchers have initially browsed and
surfed through the internet. Once these online businesses are marked, they are
evaluated based on their individual profiles, specifically the nature of their products
and services, operating system, distribution channels, marketing strategies, sales
revenue streams and if available, their profit margins.

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The next phase of research is more challenging, however, as it involves
initially making contact through phone or teleconferences. Following certain ethical
standards for online surveys or interviews, the identified respondents are assured of
confidentiality about the outcome of research, unless express permission is obtained
to publicly disclose the results. Responses are then culled through emails and these
then serve as bases for subsequent evaluation and analysis.

Although more respondents often yield reliable results, at least one

respondent should ideally come from each of the core service, manufacturing and
merchandising industries. This is due to time constraints in doing the research as well
as the limited resources to conduct a more comprehensive study. At the outset, it
must be borne in mind that there are so many challenges to do a research on a
particular segment with limited prior studies conducted locally.

The researchers thus recommend to future undertakings that time be

sufficient and resources to do them be readily available. This is not to say, however,
that the validity and reliability of the results do not conform to scientific standards.
What the researchers purport to say is that for better understanding of the digital
phenomena, as applied to domestic experiences, more time is necessary.
Remarkably, the wealth of data gathered to review the topic at hand can be browsed
without any glitch at all. Content analysis is thus far aided considerably by the
availability of online sources. All it takes is just a click of the mouse to surf through the
cyberspace.

At any rate, the findings and results of this study should be seen in light of
certain limitations that the researchers, through no fault of their own, cannot modify or
change. They are structurally imbedded to say the least. For one, the specific subject
matter has limited prior research conducted. There are a number of studies done with
respect to globally known online businesses but rarely do they deal with any
Philippine-based entities.

If at all, they deal with multi-stakeholder companies with deep pockets. The
research at hand only focuses specifically on micro-scale enterprises which have
found a niche of their own in the online market despite various financial, equity and
manpower concerns that initially affected their business operations. Again, the
research aims to uncover the once brick and mortar store that has modified its ways
of doing business and through E-Commerce, succeeded to compete against the more
established, albeit traditionally-inclined, Goliaths in the field.

Due to constrained probability sampling, it is more likely to affect the analysis

of data, thus render the results less conclusive. In order to rectify this possibility,
however, the open-ended questionnaires to be distributed leave enough elbow room
to ask for more qualitative questions. This, too, is structural in nature. The
researchers simply cannot help but to adjust and modify the approach as situations
demand or call for it. Nonetheless, the readers are assured that the interpretative

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aspect of the study is solely based on real-time responses to the surveys. This is to
preserve the integrity of data and the analysis that is consequently provided therefor.

Hypotheses

As there are limited prior studies on the topic, the researchers adopted an
alternative approach to explore and discover the validity of assumptions. Under
ordinary circumstances, these assumptions are to be tested and proved with
punctilious accuracy to ensure a reliable conclusion. But this is certainly unavailing in
this research, given the lack of quantifiable data to prove the stipulated assumptions.
Their relevance therefore may be challenged since the underlying assumptions

Columbia University (2020), a prestigious institution of higher learning in the

United States, posits that content analysis is a research tool. Although there are
varying definitions on the subject, the researchers chose one of these definitions that
practically match the lack of prior studies on E-Commerce in the Philippines,
particularly on local online businesses that have proven themselves equally as viable,
if not more successful than the traditional business establishments dealing with
similar products or services in the market.

Quoting from an observational research earlier conducted, Columbia

University (2020) defined content analysis as “[a]n interpretive and naturalistic
approach” which means that it “relies less on the experimental elements normally
associated with scientific research” for purposes of establishing reliability, validity and
generalizability of the results. Realistically, this is the preliminary approach
undertaken by the researchers precisely because of lack of data that can be obtained
regarding online businesses that have made a sterling mark in the domestic market.

Essentially these business entities are largely unexplored and the lack of
academic studies thereof serves as evident constraint to do a quantitative research
on the subject. Be that as it may, however, the researchers are bound to validate the
assumptions presently held that E-Commerce has drastically disrupted the ways of
doing business and, even if the venture capitalists or the start-up entrepreneurs have
severely limited resources to compete head-on in the market, opportunities still
abound to generate sufficient revenue streams to sustain a long-term engagement.

Conceptual Framework

FIGURE 1. Research Conceptual framework

The dependent variable in this study is EC Adoption;
the intervening variable (mediator) is Awareness;
While the independent variables are Risk Perception, Trust and Benefits; as reflected
in Figure 2 below

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Risk perception

Trust
Awareness E-Commerce
Adoption

Benefits

Theoretical Framework

Figure 2. Theoretical framework on E-commerce adoption

SOURCE: Determinants of electronic commerce adoption in Malaysian SMEs’
furniture industry(2012)

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Based on the work of Shaharudin et al(2012), it was described that for e-commerce to
be fully adapted, organizational readiness, external pressure, perceived ease of use
and perceived benefits are the crucial factors for people to adopt e-commerce. <<
Foreign Literature

>> E-commerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce,

refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the
transfer of money and data to execute these transactions. E-commerce is often used
to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of
commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet. Whereas e-business
refers to all aspects of operating an online business, E-commerce refers specifically
to the transaction of goods and services.

With groundbreaking popularity in the world, the retailers today prefer to have
an online platform. Each year billions of dollars undergo transaction. The future of this
looks bright, and with the recent developments in the field of web design and
development, E-commerce is now a dynamic website that can be customized
accordingly.

According to hobbes(2014), propaganda by the social networking platform is

also. Millions of people use these social sites to connect and this makes it a potential
hub for the sellers to propagate adverts. The relevant audience can be targeted with a
complete detailed feedback so that they can ameliorate in their services.

The mobile boom has also affected the market with everyone now using a
Smart phone to search the Internet. Jeff Elton, an e-commerce Developer believes
that the E-commerce website has brought about a complete new change in online
shopping.

 Anyone can start a money-making online business—anyone with a

computer, that is. But here’s the thing: virtually no technical experience is needed.
Selling online is indeed one of the great ways to make profits online but Today there
are plenty of tools you can use to build an online business that makes the technical
work a lot easier than it was in the past. Selling direct online increases your reach.
your online store also allows you to cater to shoppers who find it more convenient to
browse and buy at times when retail locations are not traditionally open. Online
shopping can save time for both the buyer and retailer.

Selling products online is unique because of the massive range of customers

you can reach. In some ways, this evens the playing field, but remember, the
hundreds of potential customers you can reach also have possibly thousands of
competitors fighting for their attention. In aspiring entrepreneur and small business, a
marketer should develop a marketing plan that leads to success. Cybersecurity,
competition and order fulfillment are the top three challenges facing e-commerce
businesses.

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Foreign Studies

E-commerce is a major innovation, which has benefited industries across the

globe even the Small and Medium Industries. The failure by the small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) to expand their market abroad is one of the reasons that these
entrepreneurs are struggling compared to the larger counterparts. M Holdings group
CEO and ED Datuk Seri Dr K Govindan (2018) said big companies have the ability to
capitalize on the export market. The e-commerce space and online retail is an
“excellent area” for SMEs to rise in the value chain, bypassing fiscal constraints
including funding, overhead expenses and human resource (HR) needs.

New technologies are impacting a wide range of Americans’ commercial

behaviors, from the way they evaluate products and services to the way they pay for
the things they buy.  today’s consumers come to their purchasing decisions with a
broad range of expectations on a number of different fronts. When buying something
for the first time, more than eight-in-ten Americans say it is important to be able to
compare prices from different sellers to be able to ask questions about what they are
buying or to buy from sellers they are familiar with In addition, more than seven-in-ten
think it is important to be able to try the product out in person to get advice from
people they know or to be able to read reviews posted online by others who have
purchased the item And nearly half of Americans have used cellphones while inside a
physical store to look up online reviews of products they were interested in, or to try
and find better prices online.

Local Studies
The second most populated country in Southeast Asia, the Philippines is a
large and rapidly developing market for e-commerce. With a low income but a high
growth, the Philippines has a digital population of more than 67 million people which
attracts both local and regional companies who compete against a dominant player

With the E-Commerce Law or Republic Act 8792, both commercial and non-
commercial activities are considered e-commerce transactions. It is not exclusive to
monetary transactions.

Types of E-Commerce Activities

In a snapshot, there are four types of doing e-commerce.

1. Business to Consumer

When you purchase goods from the supermarket, that is an example of

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) transaction.

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So, when you buy items from your favorite shopping web sites, that is B2C, e-
commerce between businesses and consumers. The automated reloading of
your prepaid phone is also a B2C transaction.
Booking a Grab ride and buying an airline ticket is also a B2C transaction.

2. Business to Business

The supermarket will also need to purchase goods from its suppliers. The
business transaction that takes place on this end is what we would refer to as
Business-to-Business (B2B).
So when physical retail stores, purchase their goods from their suppliers that is
B2B. E-commerce between businesses. The same applies to prepaid phone
card reload dealers who purchase credits from their supplier.
E-commerce enables entrepreneurs to sell their goods through their own
website and related platforms. Websites like Lazada, Island
Rose, 199jobs, One Store are just some e-commerce players who sell
merchant’s goods and services online.

3. Consumer to Consumer

E-Commerce is not limited to businesses. Individuals are also trading directly

online through classified sites like OLX and portals like Shopee, eBay. Mobile
C2C sites are on the rise too.
This has extended to social media via Facebook, Pinterest, and Instagram.
Government to Business and Government to Consumer
Government has also embraced e-commerce to serve its constituency.
Government to Business (G2B) examples can include:
 Submitting reports and paying taxes to BIR
 Bidding on government projects through PhilGEPS.

4. Government to Consumer (G2C) takes place when citizens:

 Order birth or marriage documents online
 Books for passport renewal
 Apply for NBI clearance

A recent study by Visa (2020)shows that Filipino consumers are seeing value
in online shopping, with as much as nine out of 10 consumers going online to
shop at least once a month. Benefits such as convenience (58%), price (47%),
and deals (46%) are being cited as top reasons for online shopping
 Companies should consider using online advertisements for the products and
services they offer as more and more people are using the Internet to research
goods they plan to buy before making the purchase.
“Why should businesses go online? The trends show that people are going to
the Internet before purchasing (goods),”

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Part 2
METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design use in this study is Descriptive and Exploratory method.
Descriptive research is a scientific research that requires observing and describing
the behavior of the subject without manipulating or influencing it in any way.
Descriptive method gives the information needed and data to be analyze. Some of
the sample of descriptive contributes to the study are survey, and interactions. The
exploratory research depends on data from shoppers, employees, and vendors.

Various means were gathered for the success of this study.  Survey
questionnaires were distributed online to determine the problems regarding the e-
commerce and observations were used to come up with reliable data.

Population Frame and Sample Size

Survey includes online citizens who frequently use social media such as
Facebook and Instagram from both local and international users to collect appropriate
data. The survey will cater to male or female, who are interested in e-commerce.
However, the study target market are online users in social media, the
researchers will use the single-stage sampling design at which point the observation
units involves online citizen who intend to start an online business or simply know the
opportunities presented in e-commerce.

Description of Respondents

A total of 150 people were the respondents of the study, preferably 18 and
above. They are described according to their demographic profile such as sex (male
and female), age and place they are currently residing.

Research Instruments

The instrument that was used during the research was a researcher made
questionnaire express in survey form to gather the needed data for the research. The
set of the questions was drawn based on the researcher’s findings of articles, thesis,
readings published and unpublished that was relevant to the study.

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A systematic survey form was used in the data collection. A systematically
prepared form questionnaire was designed through google forms that can be easily
answered by simply clicking the link, which brings convenience to both researcher
and respondents because it saves the respondents some time.
Data Gathering Procedure

The sample size is simply limited to people who are active in social media. the
survey questionnaires are were handed by personally messaging the survey
questionnaire’s link online or by posting in the facebook groups online, these
instruments will be retrieved immediately when the respondents are done answering
the link the researchers provided, hence only the people online who clicked the link
are to be included in the sampling frame. The margin of error is 8% of the survey
population with a confidence level of 95%.

Where:
n = Sample Size
N = Population
e = Margin of error

Location = Facebook Marketplace

Population = 2000
Sample size = 145
Survey clicked = 160
Survey answered = 150

Statistical Treatment of Data

For all questions, the frequency of the each response will be determined on the
number of the respondents who will check in the particular item. The Demographic
Profile of the respondents will be determined by using the formula of percentage.

Where:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Total number of Respondents

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Part III
RESULTS

Data Presentation

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

18-24 61 40.7%
25-34 47 31.3%
35-44 27 18%
45-59 14 9.3%
60 above 1 0.7%
Table 1

Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Student 29 19.3%
Unemployed 21 14%
Self-employed 21 14%
Currently Employed 78 52%
Retired 0 0
N/A 1 0.7%
Table 2

Monthly Household Income Frequency Percentage

Less than ₱9,520 15 10%
₱9,520 - ₱19,040 21 14%
₱19,040 - ₱38,080 38 25.3%
₱38,080 - ₱66,640 21 14%
₱66,640 - ₱114,240 28 18.7%
₱114,240 - ₱190,400 18 12%
At least ₱190,400 8 5.3%
N/A 1 0.7%
Table 3

Personal Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

Less than ₱9,520 61 40.7%
₱9,520 - ₱19,040 28 18.7%
₱19,040 - ₱38,080 28 18.7%
₱38,080 - ₱66,640 9 6%
₱66,640 - ₱114,240 17 11.3%
₱114,240 - ₱190,400 5 3.3%
At least ₱190,400 1 0.7%

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N/A 1 0.7%
Table 4

Are you the breadwinner of your family? Frequency Percentage

Yes 61 40.7%
No 88 58.7%
N/A 1 0.7%
Table 5

Where do you live? Frequency Percentage

City 92 61.3%
Province 58 38.7%
Table 6

Are you aware of the term e-commerce? Frequency Percentage

Yes 113 75.3%
No 35 23.3%
N/A 2 1.3%
Table 7

Are you aware of online business or online Frequency Percentage

shopping?
Yes 143 95.3%
No 5 3.3%
N/A 2 1.3%
Table 8

Have you ever purchased anything online? Frequency Percentage

(Including your family)
Yes 141 94%
No 9 6%
Table 9

What are some of the problems have you Frequency Percentage

encountered in your online purchase?
Credit Card Error 27 18%
Cash On Delivery Unavailable 98 65.3%
Lost Parcel 28 18.7%
No Delivery Tracker 51 34%
Can’t be delivered to region 40 26.7%
For Pick-up/Meet-up only 39 26%
Cancelled due to pandemic 1 0.7%
Wrong item 4 2.7%
Quality different from description 1 0.7%
N/A 1 0.7%
Table 10

What holds you back sometimes from Frequency Percentage

purchasing online?
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No Budget 59 39.3%
Shipping Fee 76 50.7%
Can’t be delivered to my region 28 18.7%
No Credit Card 25 16.7%
Don’t trust the website enough 54 36%
Scammer 5 3.3%
Quality of item / product 2 1.3%
Paypal Unavailable 1 0.7%
N/A 1 0.7%
Table 11

Have you ever considered creating an online Frequenc Percentage

business? y
Yes 80 53.3%
No 44 29.3%
Currently have one 19 12.7%
I own a business but not online 7 4.7%
Table 12

If you currently own a business, what do you Frequency Percentage

sell? Or if you would like to have one, what
would you sell?
Goods 101 70.1%
Services 43 29.9%
N/A 6 4%
Table 13

What are some of the problems you have Frequency Percentage

encountered in your online business?
Bogus Buyer 54 36%
Joy Reservers 40 26.7%
Lack of resources 30 20%
Shipping Problem 26 17.3%
Online Banking Error 15 10%
Not online 1 0.7%
N/A 50 33.3%
Table 14

If you own a business but not online, what Frequency Percentage

hold you back from expanding?
I sell services 13 8.7%
I live in a remote area 10 6.7%
Delivery Problems 42 28%
Don’t trust the internet 33 22%
I don’t know how to 12 8%
Man Power 1 0.7
Place 2 1.3%
Working 1 0.7%
Currently living as an OFW 1 0.7%
N/A 57 38%

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Table 15

How many products do people purchase Frequency Percentage

from you monthly? (Estimate)
15 and below 33 22%
16 – 30 32 21.3%
31 – 50 16 10.7%
51 – 75 9 6%
76 – 99 2 1.3%
100 and above 7 4.7%
N/A 51 34%
Table 16

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

To complete this study properly, it is necessary to interpret and analyse the

data collected in order to answer the research questions. The analysis and
interpretation of data is based on the results of the online survey conducted though
social media platform.

Question 1: Out of 105 respondents, 40.7 percent is under the 18-24 years old
bracket. Followed by 25-34 and 35-44 years old which is 31.3 percent and 18
percent, respectively.

Question 2: Majority of the respondents are currently employed with 52%.

Question 3: Ranging from ₱19,040 to ₱114,240 is the major household income

of respondents.

Question 4: 40.7 percent of the respondents have less than ₱9,520 personal
monthly income.

Question 5: 58.7 percent of respondents are not the breadwinner of their

family.

Question 6: Out of 150, 92 of the respondents live in the city that makes up
61.3 percent.

Question 7: With 75.3 percent, majority of the respondents are aware of the
term of e-commerce while 23.3 percent were not

Question 8: Out of 150 respondents, 143 were aware of online business or

online shopping, 5 were not and 2 failed to answer this question.

Question 9: Majority of the respondents with 94 percent have tried online

shopping.

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Question 10: Three of the major problems of buyers are Cash on Delivery
unavailable, Can’t be delivered to region and For Pick-up/Meet-up only with
65.3 percent, 26.7 percent and 26 percent respectively.

Question 11: The main reason why buyers are sometimes being held back
from purchasing online is due to Shipping fee with 50.7 percent.

Question 12: Out 150 respondents 80 considered to create a business online,

44 haven’t, 19 said they currently own an online business while 7 said they
currently own a business but not online.

Question 13: 70.1 percent of the respondents answered that they are selling
goods or would consider to sell goods if they were to own a business.

Question 14: The major problem sellers have encountered in their online
business is due to Bogus Buyers with 36 percent while the least problem is due
to Online banking error with 10 percent.

Question 15: To the respondents that own a business but not online, 28
percent said Delivery problems is one of the main reasons that holds them
back from expanding online.

Question 16: To the respondents that own a business both offline and online
22 percent of the respondents answered that they only have 15 and below
purchases per month.

Based from the data, it can be inferred that the 75.3 respondents showed
affirmation that they have knowledge in regard to e-commerce. However, the
respondents showed more familiarity with the term “online business,” compared to the
actual term “e-commerce.”

Meanwhile, while there is significant number of people using e-commerce to

shop, there remains a number of issues that business owners that business owners
planning to put up their business online that may pose a threat to a successful e-
commerce business campaign, such as the problem of most consumers with freight
options. Business owners are also met with another issue that may hinder maximum
efficiency of a business to operate online, which are the inevitable occurrences with
bogusbuyers.

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Part IV
DISCUSSION

Summary of the Result

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems experienced by the

stakeholders of e-commerce in the Philippines and how adaptive Filipinos are in
participating in e-commerce activities and when experiencing problems doing these
activities.

The respondents of the study are individuals aged 18 and above who are
aware in online business and online shopping. The sample size of the study is one
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hundred and fifty (150) people. Table number 6 shows that 61.3% live in the city while
38.7% live in the province. The table shows that majority of the respondents live in
the city.

Table number 3 shows that the majority of the respondents or 25.3% have a
monthly household income of ₱19,040-38,080 and 40.7% of respondent’s personal
monthly income is less than ₱9,520.

It can be found that Filipino consumers are now aware of the term e-commerce
because of the internet has a significant place in the lives of many Filipinos. And the
fast adaptability of Filipinos when it comes to technology is a welcoming fact for E-
commerce industry in the country. Filipinos are quickly adapting to how the western
products are market locally and online. With Lazada.com, Ensogo.com.ph and
Metrodeals.com, more and more Filipinos are becoming inclined to E-commerce and
with the market expanding; it is not surprising to see the investors for online markets
flocking in the country. Table 7 shows that 75.3% of the respondents are aware of the
term e-commerce while 23.3% of them still don’t know what the term e-commerce
means. It can be because they are not familiar with the term e commerce, they all just
know the online shopping,online business or selling of goods and services thought
the use of internet. With this in mind, Table 8 shows us that even though they might
not be aware of the term ‘e-commerce,’ 95.3% are aware of online business or online
shopping while Table 9 shows that out of 150 respondents, 141 have tried online
shopping.

An Online Business is a type of business where you earn money through the
internet. This can be through a job, advertisements or partnerships. Table 12 shows
that 53.3% of the respondents have considered creating an online business, 29.3%
said they haven’t considered, while 12.7% said they currently own an online business.

The cash on delivery or COD is a payment mode that is offered by big e-

commerce websites to buyers only in some regions in the Philippines, or most
usually, cities. However, Filipinos starting an online business through social media
platforms have encountered this problem as they can only resort to the ‘payment first’
method or ‘only for pick-up/meet-up’ method. Like Table 14 shows us, one of the top-
ranking problems of the respondents that own an online business have encountered
is Shipping, only after Bogus Buyers and Joy Reservers because there is a lot of
buyer that will reserve the items but in the end they will cancel it so the seller will lose
the money and the business will suffered loss.

Table 11 shows us that the three major problems our respondents have
encountered when making an online purchase are: “Cash on Delivery" with 65.3%,
“can’t be delivered to their region” with 26.7% and “For Pick-up/Meet-up Only” with
26%. This can be because a buyer is doubting the online business and they wants to
keeps them safe from fraud and ensures convenient shopping for buyers, and at the
same time the buyer wants an offers of hassle-free processing of delivery of the item.

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Lastly, Table 15 shows us that the main reason why some business owners
aren’t expanding online are because of Delivery problems the most common problem
is not a late or lost parcel, as one might think, but the problem of the no-one-at-home
slip. This is the situation when the consumer is at home, sometimes having taken a
day off to receive the parcel, but all she receives is a slip through the mailbox saying
that “the parcel could not be delivered as there was no-one at home”. As a result, the
consumer either has to arrange re-delivery or travel to a parcel depot which is often at
an inconvenient location and/or is open at inconvenient hours to collect the parcel.
Another frequent problem is the parcel being left in an unsecure location (even if the
parcel is not damaged, it has clearly been put at risk). Problems with late, missing or
lost parcels trail these other two in frequency.

This proves that the majority of the problems both buyers and sellers have
encountered always have something to do with delivery or shipping.

Conclusion

As Shopify (2020) defines e-commerce as “the selling of goods and services

using the internet, around 71% of population is engaged in social and are adaptive to
e-commerce transactions.Through the right choice of products to market, e-
commerce offers multi-option to established businesses and start-ups with limited
cost of capital. Moreover, how to market the product or services and ensuring smooth
delivery to consumers can evaluate various technical requirements for the business to
operate And, this is the impelling reason for the study, the significance of taking the
tentative step to perceive milepost in business associated with technology). Thus
initially, the researchers defined e-commerce as a mode of doing business and as a
process that largely depends on electronic transactions between the buyer and seller.
The research at hand only focuses specifically on micro-scale enterprises which have
found a niche of their own in the online market despite various financial, equity and
manpower concerns that initially affected their business operations. An integral part of
this research is the interpretation and analyzation of the data collected from the
survey questionnaires, conducted and simulated through social media platforms.

Out of 150 respondents, we generated different results. The 98 (65.3%)

respondents answered that the unavailability of “Cash on Delivery” option is one of
the problems they encountered on online purchasing. About 36% of the respondents
answered that some of the problem that they have encountered in online business is
the presence of Bogus buyers Moreover 28% of the respondents answered that one
of the reasons that hold them back in expanding online is the delivery of the product.
Finally, 95% response in awareness on online business shows that people nowadays
were educated and aware regarding e-commerce. The term “e-commerce” may not
as popular as “online business” but the concept was already adopted and in placed in
people’s knowledge.

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Recommendations

For the start-up businesses, therefore, the research group recommends that
aspiring online entrepreneurs should enlist or attend any of the existing webinars
being offered on financial management. This online activity will most likely provide
more ideas on how to strat from scratch as well as the flow of operations. It will also
enlighten the participants on how to outsource products for resale online and the
means of distribution to the final end-users.

Finally, the survey thus conducted found that difficulties may arise if the
business proponent does not have the minimum knowledge about the application of
various internet platforms to conduct business. Specifically, the awareness about the
seamless operational requirements to do sales online.

This is the gray area among prospective entrepreneurs who may have limited
information technology exposures. However, this can be cured by knowing the
fundamentals of online operations from product-source management, forwarding
channels, inventory management and advertisement through the internet. It is
therefore recommended that baseline exposure be attained. Webinars on the subject
matter should be attended first before finally deciding what to put up with, the
products to be sold, and the method of distributing the same.

There is a need as well on how to advertise the online products, more

specifically the popular platforms to use. Towards this end, the research group highly
recommends that a website or a simple facebook page be established where
contents shall include the nature of the business, accreditation by government
agencies, contact details, pricing and possible ways of payment and delivery. This
platform will serve as home for potential consumers to browse through or visit, inquire
or buy.

REFERENCES

Ecommerce Definition - What is Ecommerce. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/what-is-ecommerce

Dennis, M., & Kahn, R. (2020, February 26). Internet. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Internet

D. (2019, August 7). Social media statistics in the Philippines. Retrieved June 24,
2020, from https://www.talkwalker.com/blog/social-media-statistics-philippines

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Toral, J. (2013, January 20). Salient Features of Republic Act 8792 - The E-
Commerce Law - DigitalFilipino: E-Commerce in the Philippines. Retrieved June 24,
2020, from https://digitalfilipino.com/salient-features-of-republic-act-8792-the-e-
commerce-law/

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2019/02feb/20190220-RA-11232-
RRD.pdf.

Revised Corporation Code. (2019, February 23). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
http://www.sec.gov.ph/revised-corporation-code/

Shiferaw, H. (2016, November 26). Major Challenges of Ecommerce in the

Developing Nations. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.uberdigit.com/major-
challenges-of-ecommerce-in-the-developing-nations/

Chappelow, J. (2020, March 16). Emerging Market Economy Definition. Retrieved

June 24, 2020, from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergingmarketeconomy.asp

De Vera, B. O. (2020, May 13). At worst case, PH's 2020 GDP seen shrinking at
fastest pace since 1985. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://business.inquirer.net/297169/at-worst-case-phs-2020-gdp-seen-shrinking-at-
fastest-pace-since-1985.

Philippines Unemployment Rate1994-2020 Data: 2021-2022 Forecast: Calendar.

(2020). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/unemployment-rate

Nowaczyk, J. (2016, March 6). Four Factors of Production: Land, Labor, Capital &
Entrepreneurship - Video & Lesson Transcript. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/four-factors-of-production-land-labor-capital-
entrepreneurship.html

Patidar, J. (2013, May 07). Research assumption. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/drjayeshpatidar/research-assumption

Content Analysis. (2012). Retrieved June 24, 2020, from

https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/content-
analysis
Shaharudin, Mohd Rizaimy & Omar, Maznah & Elias, Shamsul Jamel & Ismail,
Mahazir & Ali, Siti & Fadzil, Mohd Ikhmal. (2012). Determinants of electronic
commerce adoption in Malaysian SMEs' furniture industry. African journal of business
management. 6. 3648-3661. 10.5897/AJBM11.2477.

By Jeff Elton  (May 25, 2012) Ecommerce the New Definition of Online Trade
http://EzineArticles.com/7083117
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January 4, 2016 Why Sell Online? The Importance of eCommerce in Your Sales
Strategy https://www.business2community.com/ecommerce/sell-online-importance-
ecommerce-sales-strategy-01415866

Jennifer Post(August 4, 2019) Top E-Commerce Challenges Facing SMBs

https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/6028-small-ecommerce-challenges.html

MARK RAO (January 12th, 2018) SMEs need to expand abroad via e-commerce
platforms https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/01/12/smes-need-expand-abroad-
via-e-commerce-platforms/ 

AARON SMITH AND MONICA ANDERSON (DECEMBER 19, 2016)

Online Shopping and E-Commerce
https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2016/12/19/online-shopping-and-e-commerce/
Janette Toral is an E-Commerce Advocate. Digital Influencer. E-Commerce in the
Philippines 101https://digitalfilipino.com/e-commerce-in-the-philippines-101/

Convenience, price, and deals drive growth of local e-commerce industry – Visa
(03/02/2015)
https://www.visa.com.ph/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases/convenience-price-
and-deals-drive-growth-of-local-e-commerce-industry-visa.html

Louella Desiderio ( August 7, 2012) Businesses urged to use Internet to push

products https://www.philstar.com/business/2012/08/07/835558/businesses-urged-
use-internet-push-products

 Hobbes, Renee. "Teaching about Propaganda: An Examination of the Historical

Roots of Media Literacy" (PDF). Journal of Media Literacy Education. 6: 57.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix A: Research Instrument

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam:
The researchers are enrolled in the The Contemporary World and are presently
conducting a survey on the proposal of E-COMMERCE UNLIMITED
OPPORTUNITIES FOR START-UPS AND ASPIRING ENTREPRENEURS”

Your participation is highly appreciated and your honest responses will be a great
help to this study. Be assured that your answers will be treated with utmost
confidentiality.
Thank you very much for your cooperation. May God bless you more abundantly!

Sincerely,
Germaine B. David
Christine Joy B. Cabancla
Janelle I. Palattao
Crizelle M. Canoza
Lyssander E. Daloga-og
____________________________________________________________________
Instruction: Please place a check mark  on the box that corresponds to your
preferred response.

1. Age Bracket
o 17 and below
o 18-24
o 25-34
o 35-44
o 44-59
o 60 and above

2. Employment Status
o Student
o Unemployed
o Self-employed
o Currently employed
o Retired

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3. Monthly household income

o Less than P9,520
o P9,520 - P19,040
o P19,040 - P38,080
o P38,080 - P66,640
o P66,640 - P114,240
o P114,240 - P190,400
o Atleast P190,400

4. Personal Monthly Income

o Less than P9,520
o P9,520 - P19,040
o P19,040 - P38,080
o P38,080 - P66,640
o P66,640 - P114,240
o P114,240 - P190,400
o Atleast P190,400

5. Are you the breadwinner of your family?

o Yes
o No

6. Where do you live?

o City
o Province

7. Are you aware of the term e-commerce?

o Yes
o No

8. Are you aware of online businesses or online shopping?

o Yes
o No

9. Are you aware of online businesses or online shopping?

o Yes
o No
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10. What are some of the problems you have encountered in your online purchase?
 Credit Card Error
 "Cash On Delivery" unavailable
 Lost Parcel
 No Delivery Tracker
 Can't be delivered to my region
 For Pick-up/Meet-up only
 Other: _______________

11. What holds you back sometimes from purchasing online?

 No Budget
 Shipping Fee
 Unable to be delivered to my region
 No Credit Card
 I don't trust the website enough with my credit card
 Other:________________

12. Have you ever considered creating a business online?

o Yes
o No
o Currently have one
o I have a business, but not online

13. If you currently own a business what do you sell? Or If you would like to have one,
what would you sell?
o Goods
o Services

14. What are some of the problems have you encountered in your online business.
 Bogus Buyer
 Joy Reservers
 Lack of Resources
 Shipping Problem
 Online Banking Error
 Irrelevant
 Other:________________

15. If you own a business but not online, what hold you back from expanding?

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 I sell services
 I live in a remote area
 Delivery probems
 I don't trust the internet with my personal details
 I don't know how to
 I don't know how to
 Other:________________

16. How many products do people purchase from you monthly? (Estimate)
o 15 and below
o 16 – 30
o 31 – 50
o 51 – 75
o 76 – 99
o 99 and above
o Irrelevant

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Appendix B: Topic Proposal Sheet

GE6102 TOPIC PROPOSAL FORM

Name of Student Christine Joy B. Cabancla
Student ID AMAOED-20200110137 Program BSA
Proposed Title Ecommerce Unlimited Opportunities for Start-ups and Aspiring
Entrepreneurs

Area of Investigation -Introduction to E-commerce business

- The demand of E-commerce business globally
-Importance of E-commerce in business
-How start-ups and aspiring entrepreneur can benefit from E-
commerce
-Costing In putting up an E-commerce business
-Challenges of E-commerce business
-Right attitudes and strategies that will keep entrepreneurs to
keep on going with the digital world of E-commerce.

Reasons for Choice of Topic -E commerce websites allowed users to start shopping just like
purchasing from a physical store and it is an advantage to
online sellers (entrepreneur) to create a demand based on the
current market trends.
-E commerce website provides convenience to sell and market
your products and services, it creates a huge platform to reach
your customers globally.
-In E-commerce business there is a very low reduction in the costs
of operation.
Importance of the Study -Ecommerce is a goliath industry, educating aspiring entrepreneurs
about the opportunity of this digital trends will help them create
and promote their products and services even with or without the
necessary costing that is needed in putting up a physical shop.
-Our economy needs more industry to help alleviate the standard
and quality of life of our people, proper education about
Ecommerce will create awareness on how we can create passive
income. We can maximize the access we have digitally and be
productive.

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References E commerce websites (e.g Shopify, Amazons) Ecommerce blog
spots and forums (e.g.
https://blog.feedspot.com/ecommerce_blogs
https://www.oberlo.com/blog/future-of-ecommerce

Reviewed and Endorsed by:

________________________

Date:____________

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BIOGRAPHY

GERMAINE B. DAVID
Germaine B. David was born on June 9, 1998 and was raised as an expat in
Abu Dhabi, UAE. Although she lived her whole childhood in another country, she has
never forgotten to speak her mother language. Even while living abroad, her family
goes to the Philippines yearly for vacation and has visited other Asian countries like
Hongkong, China, Singapore and Malaysia. She is currently married and a loving
mother of one at a young age of 18. Now, she is currently pursuing her dreams of
finishing college in AMA as a computer scientist.

She is an alumni from Twenty First Private Academy and a former varsity
player of women’s basketball. She was inclined to extra-curricular activities in school
and was also part of choir and swimming team elementary. She had graduated high
school at the age of 14.

Her love of computer began back in her childhood as she learned to crack
games at an early age of 9. From there, she has also been interested in html codes
because of social media sites like Friendster and tumblr. Now enrolled as a bachelor
of science in computer science, she aims to graduate with high honors in order to
pursue her dreams of creating applications, games and softwares.

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