Wide Band Power Analyzer System

NORMA D 6000
• Complete system for high end power analysis,
flexible and modular
• Single to six phase models (1 to 12 channels)
• Highest precision ( 0.05% for current and voltage
measurements, < 0.1% for power measurements)
• Frequency range DC to 1 MHz
• Calibration certificates valid for 24 months !
• Harmonic analysis DFT and FFT FFT,, integrated
memory for measured values, graphic display
• Optimal versions for motor- and transformer-
measurements

APPLICATIONS For Highest Demands on Flexibility

The system series D6000 is designed to be completely modular.
For highest demands on precision
There are basic instruments for six or twelve plug-in units, various
In many fields like developing laboratories and testing facilities, in current and voltage channels, interfaces and additional options.
quality assurance and also at commissioning on-site there are many Resulting from that there are complete sets, optimized for
demanding measuring problems to be solved. High precision, wide standard, motor or transformer analysis, each in single-, three or
bandwidth and immunity to interference are advantages of the Power six phase versions.
Analyzer NORMA D 6000 of LEM Instruments. D 6000 S : Standard configuration
The standard configuration covers a wide field of applications.
converters and drives Extensions can be made quickly on-site by simply adding plug-in
electric cars, locomotives, ... units.
switched mode generators
power supplies and motors D 6000 M : Motor and generator analysis.
The version M is extremely suitable for measurements on motors
electric and applications and generators. DC- , asynchronous, and synchronous motors,
electronic know how transformers and special machines.
components Torque, speed, mechanic shaft output, slip, efficiency and of course
complete solutions all the electrical parameters are measured precisely and
magnetic household appliances simultaneously. High accuracy guarantees the exact determination
materials ( mains interference) of losses. Furthermore special dynamic measurements of torque
can be made.
lighting systems, ballast and The viewing of torque in time domain shows torque harmonics.
electronic loads
Up to twelve channels can work together simultaneously. It is
possible to completly analyze converter drives.
efficiency
All partial efficiencies and the total efficiency are calculated.
determination of losses Frequency spectrum, distortion factor, rectification factor, inversion
factor, ripple of the intermediate circuit and other specific
active, apparent and energy balance
parameters can be determined.
reactive power
optimizing characteristic curves D 6000 T T:: Transformer test
Transformer
rms, rectified mean testing load cycles
and mean values
This version is designed specially for testing tranformers. It offers
measuring
analyzing dynamic start up
an even higher measuring accuracy at very small power factors.
instantaneous values storing switching operation Accuracies of power measurements are better than 0.1% for power
peak values printing factors of 1 to 0.1 and 0.4% for power factors of 0.01. This allows
logging transient torque exact analysis.
harmonics The no-load power losses are corrected automatically in
quality
spectrum accordance with the form factor.
frequencies
distortion factors
test according to The single phase version of the D 6000 T is often used for
IEC 1000-3 measuring high quality capacitors and reactors.

1
D 6000 - THE POWER ANALYZING SYSTEM
For highest demands on analysis. Graphic wave forms
Wave forms, transient dynamic events and trend analysis or even
Flexible measuring conditions x(y)-diagrams are shown on the display.
By means of multiple modes of synchronization, filtering, triggering Load and energy management
and averaging an optimal adaption to particular measuring tasks is 6 parameters can be user selected for simultaneous and
possible.The shortest average time to get all measured values continuous integration (ΣWh, -Wh, VAh, varh, Ah ... ). The recording
continuously is 14ms. shows e.g. the 24-hour-profile for maximum demand analysis. Via
Detailed analysis of distorted wave formes measuring of the power factor compensation equipment can be
Harmonics can be analized by means of Discrete Fourier checked. 6 freely programmable control outputs can be used for
Transformation DFT ( up to the 99th harmonic ) or spectral lines by automatic switching of loads. The trigger can be set on user
means of Fast Fourier Transformation ( FFT ) of currents, voltages selected values.
and also power. The results can be presented numerically or Tests in conformance with standar d IEC 1000 -3
standard
graphically. In prescribed tests of current harmonics and flicker according to
Formula editor appropriate standards the D 6000 offers full functionality and
This function provides an online processing of measured values. In certified accuracy.
this way also partial efficiencies or fundamental efficiencies can be Tests of electric thr ee-phase-machines
three-phase-machines
determined in addition to the standard total efficiency in real time. In addition to the electrical and mechanical parameters the determi-
Recording nation of the airgap torque from the sampled values of current and
An internal memory supports the recording of sampled or average voltages is possible in the D 6000 . In this case no mechanic
values. Various trigger conditions are supported. measuring shaft is necessary. An extended field of applications and
dynamic failure preventing analysis are enabled.

3
4

1 Graphics display 3 User guided operation

The electroluminescent monitor (512 x 256 pixels) offers many Context relevant menu strips and control or entering keys make
possibilities of numeric and graphic analysis. The λ/4 antiglare glass your individual settings easier. A user help text is available in
filter provides a large viewing area during all lighting conditions. several languages. In addition to 3 standard configurations 11
further individual configurations can be stored in order to be
2 Settings prepared for various applications. The recently used configuration is
The major settings of the instrument are visible at first glance. So stored automatically.
you are constantly informed about range selection, input level,
operating modes, sampling and averaging, as well as integrators 4 Thermal printer 61 P2
and memory function. The graphics compatible printer ( 200 dpi ) rapidly produces screen
copies ( 25 m of paper per roll).

Test voltages
General data, Quality and Safety
of the input-channels: HI - LO/G - PE: 6 kV RMS / 50 Hz / 1 min
Dimensions of basic instruments ( W x H x D) Voltage plug-in 61U1: HI - LO: test pulse 8 kV / 1.2 / 50µs
4 HU : 450 x 190 x 550 mm ( 19“, 4 HU ) Voltage plug-in 61U2: HI - LO: test pulse 1.5 kV / 1.2 / 50µs
8 HU : 450 x 370 x 550 mm ( 19“, 8 HU ) Current plug-in 61I1, 61I2: HI - LO: 250 V RMS / 50Hz
Mass: Complete instrument Current plug-in 61I3: HI - LO: 150 V RMS / 50Hz
three-phase (6 plug-in units): approx. 16.5 kg Transient influence: mains input : standard test pulse 3kV, 1.2 / 50µs
six-phase (12 plug-in units): approx. 29.0 kg Test voltage: mains - PE: 1.5 kV RMS / 50 Hz
Temperature ranges: nominal temperature range: 18... 28°C CE: Certificate of conformity according to the guide
working temperature range: 0... 40°C lines for emission and immission standards
storage temperature range: -20... +50°C Mechanical strength:
Protection type: IP 30 DIN VDE 57411 page 1 / DIN VDE 0411 part 1,
Protective class: I chapter 11
Climatic class: KYG as per DIN VDE 40040, Vibration test : test in normal position in all three directions with
humidity max. 85%, no dewing 0.35 mm amplitude and 10... 100Hz.
Safety: IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1 approx. 14g.
max. voltage against earth 1kV CATIII
Verschmutzungsgrad 2

2
D 6000 - THE POWER ANALYZER SYSTEM
For highest demands on the technology of instruments

Essential for highest precision are the linear frequency response The system D 6000 meets the demands of flexibility, accuracy and
and the computation of measured quantities independent of immunity to interference also by using cylindrically designed and
waveshape . Moreover there are exact simultaneous sampling and screened triaxial shunts.
minimal angular errors relevant for accurate measurement of power.
The D 6000 achieves a continuous frequency range from DC to 1 Calibration
MHz ( bandwidth 2 MHz ) with high linearity and small amplitude- The power analyzers have been designed, produced and tested as
errors down to 0.05%. Simultaneous sampling of up to 12 channels per ISO 9001 and as standard are delivered with a calibration
results in angular errors as small as a few millidegrees . Because of certificate. Via our calibration laboratory the measured quantities are
that you get results of highest accuracy, also in measuring of mixed traceable to international standards.
quantities, distorted waveforms, high frequencies and small power
factors.
In developing this analyzer considerable attention was paid to high We exclusively use high-quality components and therefore we can
immunity to interference. Because of sophisticated double extend the validity of the specifications to 24 months
months. Thus you
screening and additional GUARD-inputs a common mode rejection save a lot of time and money for recalibration.
of up to 135 dB at 100 kHz is achieved. Even with extremely
variable floating potentials your measurements are accurate. This
excellent common mode rejection is of great benefit for applications Reliable measuring results are guaranteed.
of frequency converters and electronic lighting equipment.

5 Flexibility 6 PC - Interfaces - Automation

Owing to the modular design the D 6000 can be supplied with user Various options include IEEE 488 and RS 232 for remote control,
selected voltage and current channels. All channels are calibrated Centronics for direct transfer to a printer, up to 12 analog outputs
on their own; no recalibration is necessary after changing channels. and 6 relay outputs as well as additional inputs for torque and speed.
The inputs are floating and galvanically isolated from each other. The D 6000 system matches the requirements of integration into an
The voltage channels are designed for measurements from 50 automatic testing station. All analysis can be made on the D6000
mV RMS to 2500 V PEAK . The current channels are useable in system itself or easily transmitted to and displayed on a PC with the
connection with wide band triaxial shunts from 3 µARMS to software Power Win 6000 in order to obtain test reports rapidly.
1500 ARMS.The calibrated shunt factor is automatically taken into
7 Power Supply power consumption 110 V VAA
account . For current measurements we also supply precision
The supply takes place via fuses and can be switched either to
clamp-on transformers and solid core current transformers.
115V ( 90 - 135V) or to 230V ( 187 - 264 V), at 45 to 65 Hz. The
Additional scale factors can be entered. The D 6000 even enables
power supply unit also contains an external trigger socket and an
online correction for measuring transformer errors.
external synchronization socket.

Interface 61D1 Interface 61D2 Motor

IEEE-488 interface and 6 analog outputs (userdefined, with IEEE-488, RS 232 and Centronics, 12 analog outputs and
free assignment and scaling) 6 relay outputs (controlling of the ext. relay box 61R1), inputs for
Analog outputs torque and speed measurement.
Output voltage: max. ± 10.5 V ; max. load 2 mA , Analog outputs: see interface 61D1
short-circuit-proof , common LO at Tor que input:
orque analog
protective earth potential Measuring range: -10 V ... 0 V ... +10 V ( DC )
Output rate: corresponding to the actual Sampling rate: 1.6 kHz
averaging period Accuracy: ± ( 0.1 % of rdg + 0.05 % of rng )
Permissible ext. overload: max. 50 VRMS at the HI input Input resistance: approx. 200 kΩ
Additional error: ± (0.15 % of rdg + 5 mV) Overvoltage: max. 50 VRMS
Resolution: ± 5000 digits for ± 10 V Speed inputs: digital, 90° shifted
Rise time: approx. 10 ms for 10 ... 90 % Frequency range: 1 Hz ... 200 kHz
Input voltage: max. 50 VRMS
Interface 61D3 Accuracy: ± 0.01 % of rdg
Input resistance: approx. 200 kΩ
RS 232 and Centronics (for operation with an external printer) Input n: speed measurement, Input d: direction of rotation

3
 SPECIFICATIONS - Voltage Channels

Voltage channel 61U1 Voltage channel 61U2

Standard voltage channel with double screening Like voltage channel 61U1 but with lower measuring
and 3 safety inputs for HI , LO and GUARD. ranges for measuring of low voltages or voltage
drops. It is used for example for measuring of
chokes, coils, varistors, PTC´s and so on.

Measuring Max. input Measuring Max. input

range DC, square sine range DC, square sine
25 VPEAK 25 VRMS 17 VRMS 2.5 VPEAK 2.5 VRMS 1.7 VRMS
45 VPEAK 45 VRMS 32 VRMS 4.5 VPEAK 4.5 VRMS 3.2 VRMS
90 VPEAK 90 VRMS 64 VRMS 9 VPEAK 9 VRMS 6.4 VRMS
Voltage channel 61U1 with 180 VPEAK 180 VRMS 128 VRMS 18 VPEAK 18 VRMS 12.8 VRMS
HI, LO and Guard inputs 340 VPEAK 340 VRMS 240 VRMS 34 VPEAK 34 VRMS 24 VRMS
670 VPEAK 670 VRMS 470 VRMS 67 VPEAK 67 VRMS 47 VRMS
1300 VPEAK 1300 VRMS 920 VRMS 130 V PEAK 130 VRMS 92 VRMS
2100 VPEAK 2100 VRMS 1500 VRMS 210 V PEAK 210 VRMS 150 VRMS

Accuracy Limits of error ± ( % of rdg + % of rng )

Frequency range AC + DC AC AC + DC AC
0 Hz ... 15 Hz ± (0.15 + 0.03) - ± (0.15 + 0.03) -
15 Hz ... 45 Hz ± (0.15 + 0.01) ± (0.15 + 0.01)
45 Hz ... 1 kHz ± (0.04 + 0.01) ± (0.04 + 0.01)
1 kHz ... 400 kHz ± [(0.04+0.0045/kHz) + (0.01+0.003/kHz)] ± [(0.04+0.0045/kHz) + (0.01+0.003/kHz)]
400 kHz ... 1 MHz typical : - 0.5 % of rdg. / 100 kHz typical : - 0.5 % of rdg. / 100 kHz

Additional error for

measuring of peak values ± 0.1% of rng ± 0.1% of rng
Input Impedance 10 MΩ // 12 pF 1 MΩ // 30 pF
Overload 1770 VRMS / 2500 VPEAK continuously 500 VRMS / 700 VPEAK continuously
(in all ranges) (in all ranges)
Common mode rejection (CMR): 120 dB at 1000 V and 100 kHz 110 dB at 500 V and 100 kHz

Limits of error valid for 24 months after calibratrion

at inputs of 3 ... 100 % of measuring range and ( 23 ± 5 ) °C

4
 SPECIFICATIONS - Current channels

Current channel 61I1 Current channel 61I2 Current channel 61I3

Plug-in unit for the connection of a Like current channel 61I1 but with Like current channel 61I1 but with
triaxial shunt, a shunt adapter (for even higher angular accuracy. This lower measuring ranges. Thus
external high current shunts), the current channel is used in the results a higher dynamic range at
clamp-on transformer 61C1, or the transformer version and in all current measurements in connection
LEM transducer set IT. Via a 9pol applications that depend on high with the triaxial shunts.
socket the shunts or transformers are accuracy at small power factors.
identified automatically.

Measuring Max. input Measuring Max. input Measuring Max. input

range DC, square sine range DC, square sine range DC, square sine
Current channel 50 mVPEAK 50 mVRMS 35 mVRMS 50 mVPEAK 50 mVRMS 35 mVRMS 15.8 mVPEAK 15.8 mVRMS 11.0mVRMS
61I1 with triaxial 158 mVPEAK 158 mVRMS 110 mVRMS 158 mVPEAK 158 mVRMS 110 mVRMS 50 mVPEAK 50 mVRMS 35 mVRMS
socket for shunt 500 mVPEAK 500 mVRMS 350 mVRMS 500 mVPEAK 500 mVRMS 350 mVRMS 158 mVPEAK 158 mVRMS 110 mVRMS
identification 1580 mVPEAK 1580 mVRMS 1100 mVRMS 1580 mVPEAK 1580mVRMS 1100mV RMS 500 mVPEAK 500 mVRMS 350 mVRMS

Accuracy Limits of error ± ( % of rdg + % of rng )

Range 50 mV Ranges 158...1580 mV Range 50 mV Ranges 158...1580 mV Range 15.8 mV Ranges 50 ... 500 mV
Frequency range AC + DC AC + DC AC + DC
0 Hz ...15 Hz ± (0.15 + 0.05) ± (0.15 + 0.03) ± (0.15 + 0.05) ± (0.15 + 0.03) ± (0.15 + 0.05) ± (0.15 + 0.03)
(AC + DC) and AC (AC + DC) and AC (AC + DC) and AC
15 Hz ...45 Hz ± (0.15 + 0.03) ± (0.15 + 0.01) ± (0.15 + 0.03) ± (0.15 + 0.01) ± (0.15 + 0.03) ± (0.15 + 0.01)
45 Hz ...1 kHz ± (0.04 + 0.02) ± (0.04 + 0.01) ± (0.04 + 0.02) ± (0.04 + 0.01) ± (0.04 + 0.02) ± (0.04 + 0.01)
1 kHz...100 kHz ±[(0.04+0.02/kHz) ±[(0.04+0.0045/kHz) ±[(0.04+0.0045/kHz) ±[(0.04+0.0045/kHz)
±[(0.04+0.0045/kHz) ± [(0.04 + 0.0045/kHz) +(0.02+0.0045/kHz)] +(0.01+0.003/kHz)] +(0.02+0.0045/kHz) +(0.01+0.003/kHz)
100 kHz...400 kHz +(0.02+0.0045/kHz)] +(0.01+ 0.003/kHz)] typical:
-1.5 % of rdg / 100 kHz
400 kHz...1 MHz typical: typical:
-2 % of rdg/100 kHz -1 % of rdg / 100 kHz

Additional error for Range 50 mV: ± 0.5% of rng Range 50 mV: ± 0.5% of rng Range 15.8 mV: ± 0.5%of rng
measuring of Range 158 mV: ± 0.3% of rng Range 158 mV: ± 0.3% of rng Range 50 mV: ± 0.3% of rng
peak values Range 500 mV, 1,58V: ± 0.1% of rng Range 500 mV, 1,58V:± 0.1% of rng Range 158 mV, 500mV:± 0.1% of rng
Input
impedance: 101 kΩ // 30 pF 101 kΩ // 30 pF 31,9 kΩ // 81 pF
Overload 250 VRMS / 350 VPEAK continuously 250 VRMS / 350 V PEAK continuously 25 VRMS / 35 VPEAK continuously
(in all ranges) (in all ranges) (in all ranges)
Common mode
rejection (CMR): 135 dB at 1000 V and 100 kHz 135 dB at 1000 V and 100 kHz 135 dB at 1000 V and 100 kHz

Angular error Between current channel 61 I 1 and voltage channels Between current channel 61 I 2 and voltage channels Between current channel 61 I 3 and voltage channels

0...100Hz 100Hz...1kHz Additional error 0...45Hz 45Hz... 100Hz... Additional error 0...100Hz 100Hz... Additional error
Phase angle 65...100Hz 65Hz1) 1kHz up to 10kHz 1 kHz
between voltage and Range Range Range
current , in both channels 50mV 0.015° 0.020° 0.005°/kHz 50mV 0.015° 0.002° 0.020° 0.005°/kHz 15.8mV 0.015° 0.020° 0.005°/kHz
AC+DC - mode, 158mV 0.005° 0.010° 0.005°/kHz 158mV 0.005° 0.002° 0.010° 0.005°/kHz 50mV 0.005° 0.010° 0.005°/kHz
without LP-filter 500mV 0.005° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz 500mV 0.005° 0.002° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz 158mV 0.005° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz
1580mV 0.005° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz 1580mV 0.005° 0.002° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz 500mV 0.005° 0.005° 0.005°/kHz

1) The specification for 45 Hz ... 65 Hz is valid for the voltage ranges 25 Vp ... 340 Vp (max. 240 VRMS)

Limits of error valid for 24 months after calibratrion

at inputs of 3 ... 100 % of measuring range and ( 23 ± 5 ) °C

5
 SPECIFICATIONS - Triaxial shunts Triaxial plug-on shunts External triaxial shunts
0.3 mA...300 mA
In the system D 6000 the high demands on accuracy are taken into
account additionally by cylindrically designed and shielded triaxial 6 A...300 A
shunts with GUARD connection. A continuous frequency range
from DC to up to 1 MHz, amplitude error of 0.03 % and negligible
phase errors of 0.1°/100 kHz secure accurate results also with
mixed quantities, distorted wave forms, high frequencies and small
power factors.
The calibration data are stored directly in the shunts and are
recognized automatically by the D 6000 - you can measure at once. 3 mA...3 A
The certified accuracy data of these highly linear and stable
components are also valid for 24 months after calibration.
18 A...1000 A

Triaxial plug-on shunts External triaxial shunts

3 µA ... 100 A 6 A ... 1500 A
Continuous Imin 3 µA 30 µA 0,3 mA 1 mA 3 mA 30 mA 0.1 A 0.3 A 1A 6A 18 A 18 A
load range I max 3 mA 30 mA 300 mA 1A 3A 10 A 30 A 50 A 100 A 300 A 1000 A 1500 A
Nominal current 0.3 mA 3 mA 30 mA 0,1 A 0,3 A 3A 10 A 16 A 30 A 100 A 300 A 500 A
Nominal voltage drop 100 mV 100 mV 100 mV 100 mV 100 mV 100 mV 100 mV 50 mV 30 mV 20 mV 18 mV 30 mV
Nominal resistance 333 Ω 33 Ω 3Ω 1Ω 333 mΩ 33 mΩ 10 mΩ 3 mΩ 1 mΩ 0.2 mΩ 0.06 mΩ 0.06 mΩ
Short time 5 s load
overrange 15 s interval - - - 2A 4A 20 A 35 A 60 A 200 A 450 A 1500 A 2000 A
Overload protection up to 1A - - - - - - - - -
Overload Wmax - - - 20 Ws 25 Ws 60 Ws 90 Ws 180 Ws 200 Ws 2 kWs 7.5 kWs 10 kWs
Band width 2 MHz 2 MHz 1 MHz 500 kHz 200 kHz
Frequency range 0...100 kHz 0...1 MHz 0...500 kHz 0..200 kHz 0..100 kHz 0..20 kHz 0...20 kHz
Angular accuracy [°/ kHz] ± 0.003 ± 0.002 ± 0.001 ± 0.001 ± 0,002 ± 0.002 ± 0.025 ± 0.025
Basic accuracy [%) %) ± 0.2 ± 0.1 ± 0.1 ± 0.03 ± 0.1
Frequency influence [% / kHz] ± 0.002 ± 0.0015 ± 0.01 ± 0.03 ± 0.03
Load influence [% / A ]
2
- ± 1 * 10-6 ±0.1* 10-6 ±0.2* 10-6 ±0.5* 10-6
Temperature coefficient [ppm/K] < 20 < 15 < 10
For current channels 61 I1 / 61 I2 61 I1 / 61 I2 / 61 I3 61 I1 / 61 I2 / 61 I3
Mass 0.15 kg 0.6 kg 0.75 kg 1.2 kg 5.3 kg 6 kg

Clamp-on transformer 61C1

Continuous load range (1 A...) 5 A...1000 A
Frequency range 10Hz...5kHz (...30kHz)
Overload 1200 A
Scale factor 1000 A / 1V
Max. conductor diameter 54 mm

Limits of error Current Angle

% of rdg 1 A ... 5 A 5 A ... 1000 A
10 Hz ... 20 Hz ± 0.4 ± 0.2 1.5°
20 Hz ... 45 Hz ± 0.4 ± 0.2 0.8°
45 Hz ... 65 Hz ± 0.3 ± 0.2 0.3°
65 Hz ... 1 kHz ± 0.4 ± 0.2 0.3°
1 kHz ... 5 kHz ± 0.4 ± 0.4 1°
5 kHz ... 20 kHz ± 0.4 ± 0.4 5°
20 kHz ... 30 kHz ±1 ±1 5°
Stray field influence : <0,2 % at 5 A and 400 A/m
LEM transducer set IT
For all current channels the current measurement can also be
made by means of precise active straight-through current
transformers in connection with specially adjusted shunt adapters.

Set IT 150-S Set IT 600-S

Continuous load range 1 A ... 150 A 5 A ... 600 A
Overload 165 A 660 A
Bandwidth 100 kHz
Frequency range 0 ... 30 kHz
Basic accuracy [%]
at nominal current ± 0.01
Frequency influence [%/kHz] ± 0.1
Angular accuracy [°/kHz] ± 0.05
Scale factor 150 A / 400 mV 600 A / 400 mV
Max. conductor diameter 26 mm
Mass 1 kg

6
 SPECIFICATION - Power Measurement
Limits of error valid for 24 months after calibratrion
The limits of error FP for active power consist of the limits of error of at inputs of 3 ... 100 % of measuring range and ( 23 ± 5 ) °C
the voltage channel FV , the current channel FA, the shunt FSh and
the angle FW.
FP is calculated according to international agreement:

2
Fp = * Fv2 + FA2 + FSh
2 2
+ FW
3

Voltage channel error F V: from the specifications of voltage

channels 61U1 or 61U2
Current channel error FA: from the specifications of current
channels 61 I 1 , 61 I 2 or 61 I 3
Shunt error FSh : from the specifications of the selected
shunt
Angular error FW : depends on the input of the power
measuring range, the power factor
(cos ϕ) and the sum of angular errors
∆ϕ of the particular current channel FGW
and the shunt F SW (or transformer)
(FGW and F SW from the particular
specifications)
I *U cos(ϕ + ∆ϕ) - cosϕ
FW = N N * ∗ 100
I*U cosϕ

Results / important key results of these calculations:

Limits of error for active power ± % of rdg for S and M
Frequency Power factor (cos ϕ)
1 0.5 0.1
1 Hz 0.296 0.296 0.313
50 Hz 0.089 0.091 0.138
1 kHz 0.089 0.097 0.238
10 kHz 0.211 0.31 1.32
100 kHz 1.32 2.5
400 kHz 5.04

Limits of error for active power ± % of rdg at 50 Hz

Power factor D 6000 T D 6000 S, M
(cos ϕ)
1 0.089 0.089
0.1 0.1 0.138
0.01 0.472 1.07
0.001 4.64

Limits of error for active power ± % of rdg at 50 Hz

Input of power D 6000 T D 6000 S, M
measuring range Power factor (cos ϕ)
1 0.1 1 0.1
100 % 0.089 0.1 0.089 0.138
50 % 0.097 0.117 0.097 0.179
10 % 0.175 0.228 0.175 0.379
Assumption: worst case of an asymmetrical input (for instance input
of power measuring range of 10 % results from 100 % input of
voltage channel and 10 % input of current channel)

Frequency measurement

Each voltage and current channel, the line or an external input can b ) a switchable lowpass filter 0 ... 1kHz (switched capacitor
be used for frequency measurement. filter) with 5 selectable filter steps 1.75 / 8 / 35/ 150 / 800 Hz
Range: 0.2 Hz .... 400 kHz which offers the following advantages:
Accuracy: ± 0.01 % of reading l Improved frequency measurement of highly distorted
signals in the range of
For measurements of highly distorted signals ( e.g. of inverters) two
0.2 Hz ... 1 kHz
filtering methods are available:
l Better synchronization ( Phase Locked-Loop PLL ) with
a) a switchable lowpass filter (RC, 1st order, highly distorted signals in the range of 8 Hz ... 1 kHz.
fc = 60 Hz) for synchronization with the fundamental Remark: For functions that require synchronized sampling a
software controlled synchronization for low frequencies down to
0.5 Hz is also available.

7
 OPTION Data Memory and Analysis 61E1 Specifications of DFT:
Frequency range: max. fundamental frequency: 6.5 kHz
This option has the following additional functions : H09 ... 5 kHz H19 ... 1.25 kHz
l Harmonic analysis (DFT or FFT) H49 ... 500 Hz H99 ... 250 Hz
l Evaluation of spectrum (Distortion Factor, Telephone Factor, ...) max. harmonic without LP-filter: 20 ... 30 kHz
l Data memory (sampled values, average values) frequency: (with LP-filter: 12 kHz)
l Computation of rectified mean values of delta voltages Accuracy of synchronization:
± 0.03% at 45...65 Hz (as per IEC 1000-3-2)
Harmonic analysis Locking range: PLL on: 10 Hz...6.5 kHz fundamental frequency
PLL off (software controlled synchronization):
Discr ete Fourier T
Discrete ransformation (DFT)
Transformation 0.6 Hz ... 5 kHz fundamental frequency
Setting time: approx. 200 ms
Principle: Discrete Fourier Transformation with Limits of error:
synchronization with the fundamental and Fundamental: according to the specified accuracies of
rectangular window, switchable anti-aliasing relevant measured quantity
filter (Butterworth, 3rd order, fc = 6 kHz). The Harmonics:
representation can be selected between sin- without LP-filter: for U and I: ± (0.02% of H01 + 0.01% of
and cos- series. H01/kHz)
Computation: DC-component, fundamental and up to the for P: sum of errors of U and I
99th (D6200 : 49th) harmonic of voltage, with LP-filter: filter of 3rd order , frequency response of
current and power with the angle between amplitude and phase corrected by software
the particular harmonics and their funda- up to 13 kHz
mental. The calculation of the harmonics is for U and I: up to 6 kHz :
selectable between RMS-value, % of total ±(0.1% of H01+ 0.2% of H01/kHz)
RMS-value or % of fundamental. above 6 kHz:
±1% of H01+ 2% of H01/(f - 6 kHz)
Visualisation, Output of DFT for P: sum of errors of U and I + 2 times
a ) complete spectrum as bargraph or as table on the display, at phase error; the LP-filter must be
the thermoprinter or at an external printer. ON in both channels.
b ) fundamental, single harmonics or weighting factors can also be Phase angle : phase angle is displayed for harmonics with
shown on the display. amplitude > 1 % .
without LP-filter: ± ( 0.1 ° + 0.05 ° / kHz )
with LP-filter: ± ( 0.1 ° + 0.2 ° / kHz )
Noise margin: > 80 dB
Intermodulation: < 0.05 % of H01

Display of the spectrum as bargraph

Display of fundamental and THD

Specifications of FFT :
Sampling frequency: 65.536 kHz ( fixed frequency )
Length: 4096 points
Frequency ranges: 8 frequency ranges, 0 ... 150 / 300 / 600 /
Display of the spectrum as table 1200 / 2500 / 5000 / 10000 / 32000 Hz
Resolution: 0.125 / 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 Hz
Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT)
Transformation Window function: Hanning ( cos2 ), with subsequent
arithmetical smoothing
Principle: Numeric FFT - algorithm for the calculation of the Limits of error: based on the limits of error for voltage,
spectral lines of selectable input quantities. No current and power.
synchronization is necessary with the measured Additional error for the calculated spectral
signal. The FFT also enables the calculation of values:
subharmonics and intermediate harmonics and the ± ( 0.5 % of rdg + 0.1 % of rng )
analysis of transient or non periodic events. Bandwith ( -6 dB ): approx. 3.7 * resolution
Computations, measured values: spectral lines of line voltages UX,
line currents IX, delta voltages VXV (displayed as RMS-
values) and of active power can be calculated.
Visualisation, Output of FFT
a ) Graphical display of complete range of frequency or of
selectable frequency window. Also numerical display of the funda-
mental and the measured quantity under the moveable cursor.
b ) Numerical display
display of the fundamental; frequency (f 01 ) and
value (e.g. UH01). These values can be displayed on the screen
stored in memory and displayed graphically, or used for further
calculations via userdefined functions.

Display of spectral lines

8
 Weighting of the spectrum (single DFT) Data Memory
According to international standards The function data memory of the option 61 E1 enables the storage
l distortion factor K of sampled values (for displaying waveforms or transient
l telephone harmonic factor THF processes) or average values (display of sequential diagrams of
l telephone influence factor TIF voltages or load over time and x/y diagrams).
l harmonic voltage factor HVF Memory: Standard size 512 kByte.
can be calculated instead of the spectrum. Thus more than 230 000 sampled values or more
Distortion factor (K or THD): than 65 000 average values can be stored.
Calculation: K (in % ) is calculated as per DIN VDE for Extension: using the memory options 61M2, 61M4 and 61M8
voltage and current (for each channel). The the memory can be extended up to 16 MB.
distortion factor K is also refered to as Total Variable: 12 variables selectable for simultaneous storage.
Harmonic Distortion THD . Aquisition rate: 14 µs ... 14 ms (for sampled values)
2 − 2 (sample factor from 1 ... 512 selectable)
Urms UH01 14 ms ... 67.9 h (for average values)
K (%) = *100
Urms Trigger: manual or automatic trigger (level or slope),
Resolution: 1 digit (d) = 0.01 % THD settable pretrigger , single or multiple trigger
Limits of error: at THD > 0.2 %: +1d selectable .
THD 0.1 % .. 0.2 %: +2d Limits of error: as for peak values (for sampled values) or
average values.
Telephone Harmonic Factor (THF)
Calculation: by weighting of all harmonics up to 5 kHz Visualization and Output of the memory contents:
according to the weighting curve in DIN VDE a ) graphical with zoom and scroll function
0530 part 1 ; IEC 34-1 ; ÖVE M 10 part 1 / 1987. b ) table with scroll function
Afterwards summation of the squares of the c ) printout to an external printer.
weighted harmonics according to the formula: d ) transferring of the memory contents to an analog recorder
1
THF(%) = (UH01 * λ H01)2 + (UH02 * λ H02 )2 +........+(UHn * λ Hn)2 *100
U
U ... RMS - value of the line voltage of the
machine
UHn ... RMS - value of the n-th harmonic of the
line voltage
λHn ... weighting factor for the n-th harmonic
according to table ÖVE M10
Telephone Influence Factor (TIF)
Calculation: similar to THF , but calculation and weighting
acc. to IEEE Std. 115-1983 point 3.8 to 3.11 and
Current sampled values of a converter
ANSI C50.13-1977 and ANSI / IEEE
Std. 100 / 1988
UTIF UTIF
TIF = ;U = Σ( THn UHn )2 ;Residual TIF =
Urms TIF 3 * Urms
U TIF ... weighted RMS value
URMS .. RMS value of voltage
UHn .. RMS value of harmonic
THn ... weighting factor as per ANSI /
IEEE std. 100 / 1988
Harmonic V oltage Factor (HVF)
Voltage
Calculation: acc. to IEC publ. 34.1 / 83
Sampled values of a phase controlled current

å
2
UHn
HVF =
UHn .. n RMS value of n-th harmonic
n ... harmonic order

Rectified Mean Values U ∆

Values
Calculation: the rectified mean values of the delta voltages
(line-to-line voltages) are calculated according to Output voltage ( RMS value ) of a converter
the formula:
T
1
Tò x
U xy = u − uy dt
0

Current and voltage at the output of a converter

9
 Option IEC 1000 - 3 Visualization, Output:
For every single measurement the results with corresponding
With this option the D 6000 becomes a standard measuring PASS / FAIL information can be visualized as bargraph or table
equipment for the testing of electrical appliances as per IEC 1000-3- on the graphic display or are printed out.
2 (current harmonics) and IEC 1000-3-3 (voltage fluctuations and
flicker). Electrical appliances that are supposed to be connected to
the public low voltage distribution system have to fullfil these
standards . current (A) limits
These standards are valid e.g. for household appliances . The limit violation
compliance with the IEC 1000-3 standard is a requirement for CE -
certification
certification.
The compliance with the demands on accuracy of the D 6000 ,
according to the standards , has been testified by independent
international certifying bodies .
IEC 1000-3-2 : definition of device classes Visualisation of the spectrum as bargraph with limits,
measurement of current harmonics exceedings and FAIL information
guideline for tolerable limits
ordinal number limit A actual current (A)
IEC 1000-3-3 : measurement of flicker
measurement of voltage fluctuations
guideline for tolerable limits
IEC 1000-3-2
Before starting the measurement of current harmonics the device under
test has to be assigned to one of the four device classes (A to D)
Class A: balanced three-phase equipment and all other
equipment except those listed in one of the following
classes.
Class B: portable electric tools
Class C: lighting equipment
amplitude date number of violations
Class D: equipment with “special wave shape“ that consumes
active power of 75 W to 600 W and is not motor driven. of greatest violation
This “special wave shape“ and the conditions for class
D are exactly stated in the standard . The D 6000 Spectrum as table with additional information
performs an automatic Class D - check and gives a
“PASS / FAIL“ information.
After the end of the test the complete result can be printed in form of
a table on an external printer.

Automatic class D - check with PASS information

Principle of measurement and classification:

As per IEC 1000-3-2 a Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) is
made up to the 40th harmonic synchronized with the fundamental
within ± 0.3 %.
The rectangular window is gapless over 16 periods of the fundamen-
tal. Each harmonic is filtered by a RC - filter (1st order with 1.5 s).

Depending on the appliance a test for steady state harmonics or

fluctuating harmonics has to be done, as there are different
conditions for the transient (short time) operation.
Test report according to class C / fluctuating FAIL information
Steady state harmonics (settled stable operating state): (see indications with *)
The harmonics ( average of 16 periods ) are compared with the In case of a FAIL test the D 6000 offers practical help for finding the
limits of the standard and exceedings are indicated (PASS / FAIL reason, by displaying the time sequence of the critical harmonics in
information). combination with the limit (3-phase: 11, single-phase: 33 minutes per
MB of memory).
Fluctuating harmonics (altering operating state):
A sliding consideration window of 2.5 minutes is shifted further on
for always 16 periods. Even harmonics of 2nd to 10th order and odd
harmonics of 3rd to 19th order must not exceed 1.5 times the limit limit violation
for “steady state“ during 10 % of any random observation time.

limit

Time sequence of the 5th harmonic

with indicated violations

10
 IEC 1000-3-3 Output in form of T ables
Tables
During the selected measuring time you can observe on the display
This part of the standard concerns the measurement of the flicker how the actual flicker, short term- and long term flicker (with their
and the registration of the voltage fluctuations.
fluctuations Load changes of peak values) develop in all three phases. The key values for the
electric equipment cause voltage fluctuations as a result of the line evaluation of the voltage fluctuations are also displayed on this
impedance. These must not exceed certain values (because of monitor.
malfunction of other technical devices), they also must not occur
with a certain rate (frequency), because in that case flicker Maximum pointer for the highest value during one observation period
(changes of illuminance) disturb the human eye. The sensitivity
curve exactly states which changes of voltage are permissable at a
certain changing frequency . This curve defines the flicker Ps = 1
and means that this flicker is just being sensed as disturbance by
50% of the people. Therefore a standard-conforming flickermeter
must simulate the exact functional chain lamp - eye - brain.
Measuring of Flicker:
Principle: The used flickermeter is exactly defined in IEC 868. Stated
demodulation, weighting filter and averaging by a low pass
of 1st order secure the simulation of the above mentioned
functional chain . According to this evaluation you get the
so-called actual flicker (analog output 0 - 10 V). Table for flicker and voltage fluctuation in a three-phase system

Evaluation and Output: PASS / FAIL decisions are automatically assigned to the results . In
The actual flicker is used for the calculation of the cumulative fre- order to find the reasons for too high flicker values the actual flicker
quency distribution, short term flicker PST and long term flicker PLT. can be displayed over time (22 minutes per MByte of memory)

Cumulative Probability:
The actual flicker is statistically evaluated (1024 classes) and
visualized. The cumulative probability states, for how many % of the
observation period the flicker has exceeded one of the 1024
classes. Measurement times of 1, 5, 10 or 15 minutes are
selectable.

% of observation period

flicker class
Actual flicker over time

Measur ement of V
Measurement oltage Fluctuations:
Voltage
Voltage fluctuations are measured without the weighting filters used
for flicker measurement. A voltage fluctuation is defined by the key
Cumulative probability of the actual flicker with values in the following diagram:
maximum pointer for indicating the highest value U OLD stable operating voltage
dC remaining voltage deviation
Short Term Flicker P ST:
Term U NEW new stable operating voltage
Measuring times of 1, 5, 10 or 15 minutes are selectable. For the dt time , until setting to UNEW
computation of PST a linear pre-smoothing is carried out:
OLD

P50S = (P30 + P50 + P80)

3 NEW

P10S = (P6 + P8 + P10 + P13 + P17)

5

P3S = (P2,2 + P3 + P4) Key values of a voltage fluctuation

3
Selection of limiting values:
P1S = (P0,7 + P1 + P4) The input of the limiting values ( dmax, dC and dt) is done by
3 the tester. Default values of dm = 4.0 %, dC = 3.0 % and
With these values the PST is computed by means dt = 200 ms are pre - set.
of a weighted five point alogorithm:
Report:
The complete test acc. to IEC 1000-3-3 with its results can be
PST = v (0.0314P0.1+0.0525P1S+0.0675P3S+0.28P10S+0.08P50S) logged on an external printer.

Long T erm Flicker P LT:

Term
For a selectable period the long term flicker is calculated according
to a cubic smoothing:
N

3 åP
i =1
sti
3

PLT =
N

Selection of Limiting V alues:

Values:
The input of the limiting values (PST, PLT) is done by the tester.
Default values of P ST = 1.0 and PLT = 0.65 are pre - set.
Testing report of a flicker measurement

11
 ORDER REFERENCE NORMA D 6000 Wide Band Power Analyzer System
Set models Standard System Motor System Trafo System
Basic instruments P 1 phase 1 phase P 3 phase 3 phase P 3 phase 3 phase P 6 phase 6 phase P 3 phase 3 phase
Measuring channels/interfaces A 4603 30711 A 4603 30721 A 4603 30712 A 4603 30722 A 4603 30714 A 4603 30724 A 4603 30715 A 4603 30725 A 4603 30713 A 4603 30723
D 6100 Basic (4 HE)
with display, keyboard and printer • • • •
A 4603 30500
D 6200 Basic (8 HE)
with display, keyboard and printer •
A 4603 30501
D 6100 Basic (4 HE)
without printer • • • •
A 4603 30540
D 6200 Basic (8 HE)
without printer •
A 4603 30541
Voltage channel 61U1
A 4603 30505 1 1 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3
Voltage channel 61U2
A 4603 30515
Current channel 61I1
A 4603 30506
Current channel 61I2
A 4603 30516 3 3
Current channel 61I3
A 4603 30526 1 1 3 3 3 3 6 6
Interface 61D1
A 4603 30507 • • • • • •
Interface 61D2
A 4603 30508 • • • •
Interface 61D3
A 4603 30519

Basic instruments (for purely remote control) • .......... standard 1, 2, 3, 6.......... standard number of channels
D 6300 Basic (4 HE) without display, keyboard, printer A 4603 30504 Individual configuration: Your Power Analyzer can be configured according
D 6400 Basic (4 HE) without display, keyboard, printer A 4603 30509 to your special requirements.
Options Accessories
Data memory and harmonic analysis 61E1 A 4603 30565 Cable for D 6000 analog out A 6002 81081
IEC 1000-3 A 4603 31000 Cable for D 6000 torque / speed in A 6002 81082
Data memory extension 61M4 (4 MB) A 4603 30572 Cable for D 6000 EXT TRIGGER or SYNC IN A 6002 81074
Data memory extension 61M8 (8 MB) A 4603 30573 Ground lead A 6002 81080
Option Digital Tor
Torque Measurment 61T1
orque A 4603 30574 19" rack mounting kit for D 6000 (4 HU) A 6499 00069
(please use 2 kits for models 8 HE)
Triaxial Shunts (plug-on)
Star point adapter for voltage channels (61U1) A 6416 02016
0.3 mA (3 µA ... 3 mA) A 6414 00021
(please us 3 pcs for forming an artificial star point)
3 mA (30 µA ... 30 mA) A 6414 00022
High voltage divider 500:1, single phase, 5 kVrms A 6416 02018
30 mA (300 µA ... 300 mA) A 6414 00023
Carrying case for D 6000 (4 HU) A 6001 33005
0.1 A (1 mA ... 1 A) A 6414 00013
Paper roll for D 6000 thermo printer 61 P2 (3 pcs.) A 6202 96200
0.3 A (3 mA... 3 A) A 6414 01001
Operating instructions A 4603 51GA5
3 A (30 mA ... 10 A) A 6414 01010
External relay box 61 R1 A 4603 30562
10 A (0.1 A ... 30 A) A 6414 01030
with 6 built ins relays 250V / 2A
16 A: IEC 1000 (0.3 A... 50 A) A 6414 01050
30 A (1 A ... 100 A) A 6414 01100 For details and additional accessories please ask your local distributor.
Triaxial Shunts (exter nal)
(external) PC Software
100 A (6 A ... 300 A) with connection adapter A 6414 01300
PowerWin 6000 demo package A 6899 00163
300 A (18 A ... 1000 A) with connection adapter A 6414 01340 PowerWin 6000 1. licence A 6899 00161
450 A (10A ... 450 A) with connection adapter A 6414 01500
PowerWin 6000 add licence A 6899 00162
500 A (18 A ... 1500 A) with connection adapter A 6414 01350
Lab Windows driver for D 6000 A 6899 00151
Triaxial Switching Unit A 6414 01016 Lab View driver for D 6000 A 6899 00200
Various additional connection adapters and extension cables are Data - Transfer software for D 6000 A 6899 00160
offered. Individual solutions are possible. Screen - Copy - software for D 6000 A 6899 00155
Please ask your local distributor. Hint: For use of the IEEE 488 interface we recommend National
Instruments
Current clamp 61 C1 with connection adapter A 4603 31013
LEM Transducer set IT 150-S single phase A 6416 02033 Test Certificates
LEM Transducer set IT 150-S three phase A 6416 02034 We offer various test certificates.
LEM Transducer set IT 600-S single phase A 6416 02035 Please ask your local distributor.
LEM Transducer set IT 600-S three phase A 6416 02036

Printed in Austria.
Technical modifications reserved.
Publication A 98462 E

12