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Chap1 Axial Flow Fans

This document discusses axial flow fans and their noise characteristics. It begins by describing what axial flow fans are and some of their applications, such as in vehicle cooling systems. It then discusses the different types of noise generated by axial flow fans, including tonal noise caused by periodic variations in flow and broadband noise caused by turbulent flow. The document notes that most noise is concentrated near the fan blade tips due to the higher tip speed. Finally, it lists some factors that affect the aeroacoustic performance of axial flow fans, such as fan design and operating conditions. The overall purpose is to analyze and reduce the noise generated by axial flow fans.

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65 views4 pages

Chap1 Axial Flow Fans

This document discusses axial flow fans and their noise characteristics. It begins by describing what axial flow fans are and some of their applications, such as in vehicle cooling systems. It then discusses the different types of noise generated by axial flow fans, including tonal noise caused by periodic variations in flow and broadband noise caused by turbulent flow. The document notes that most noise is concentrated near the fan blade tips due to the higher tip speed. Finally, it lists some factors that affect the aeroacoustic performance of axial flow fans, such as fan design and operating conditions. The overall purpose is to analyze and reduce the noise generated by axial flow fans.

Uploaded by

shehbazi2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Figure 1: A radiator cooling axial fan

1 What are Fans For?


A fan is an apparatus that converts electric energy into aerodynamic energy.
Some of this energy is useful; other output energy is wasted energy like the air
swirl at the fan’s exit. We can get only two types of useful aerodynamic energies
out of a fan, and these are static pressure and kinetic energy. Axial flow fans
are well known and conventionally consist of a number of blades supported
by a central hub, the blades being disposed regularly (mostly) about the hub
member.
Some axial flow fans have a blade support linking together the tips of the
blades, the blade support being an annular band. An especially important fea-
ture of axial flow fans in the context of vehicle cooling systems is the acoustic
performance of the fans. These fans generate noise at frequencies, which are
perceived by the human ear as annoying. This noise has been identified as a
primary component of overall noise generated by various types of machinery,
including heat exchanger equipment like radiator or condenser. Thus it is de-
sirable to produce the quietest fans possible while at the same time providing
both high efficiency and compact design.

1.1 Applications of the Axial Flow Fans


• Mine and tunnel ventilation
• General building ventilation
• Navy and maritime

• Process air supply (Industry)


• Wind tunnels

1
Figure 2: A tube-axial fan

Figure 3: A large axial flow fan (e.g., wind-tunnel applicatin)

2
Figure 4: A CPU cooling axial fan

• Nuclear safety
• General ventilating, cooling and exhaust applications

• Cooling of electronic devices

1.2 Advantages of the Axial Flow Fans


• Flow reversal in a range between 40 to 60% of nominal flow achieved by
varying the blade pitch or changing the direction of rotation

• Ease of maintenance
• Low cost system as compared to Centrifugal Fans for the same flow rate.

1.3 Objective of the Study


Reducing the noise level of the axial flow fan without compromising the aero-
dynamic performance.

1.4 Directions of Typical Acoustical Study


• Noise Prediction
• Noise Mechanism Identification
• Noise Control

2 Classification of the Turbomachine Noise


• Mechanical noise, which is generated by vibrations, coupling of motor/rotor,
alignment errors or disequilibrium (static or dynamic) of the rotor and

3
• Aerodynamic noise, which is related to the interaction of the air with
the rotor. The fan aerodynamic noise can further by classified into Tonal
Noise and Broad Band Noise.

2.1 Tone Noise


• Noise caused by unsteady forces on the blades resulting from periodic
variation of incidence of the upstream flow (Non-uniform flow)

• Occurring on the Blade Passing Frequency (BPF)

2.2 Broadband Noise


• Turbulent Incident Flow

• Vortex shedding / Wake of the upstream obstacles (Struts, Vanes)

2.3 Concentration of the noise


Most of the noise generated by fan blades, both swept and unswept, is concen-
trated near the blade tip. This is simply due to the fact that the tip travels
much faster than the hub of the fan. The noise level is thus proportional to the
tip speed of the impeller and to the air velocity leaving the wheel. Furthermore,
fan noise is roughly proportional to the pressure developed regardless of the
blade type femi99.

2.4 Factors Affecting the Aeroacoustic Performance


• Fan Design
• Operating Conditions / System Design

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