NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

DOCUMENT CODE NO. OF PAGES: 39

PLAN/PRJ/SUB UNIT PHASE DISCIPLANE DOCUMENT TYPE SERIAL NO. REV. NO. DATE
NIOEC 000 EG TP SP 8002 A0 JULY, 2005

NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL REFINING & DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING
& CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

NIOEC SPECIFICATION
FOR

PAINTING

FIRST EDITION

JULY,2005

THIS SPECIFICATION IS THE PROPERTY OF NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. IT IS CONFIDENTIAL AND ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED TO THE OWNER. NEITHER WHOLE NOR ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE DISCLOSED TO ANY THIRD PARTY,
REPRODUCTED, STORED IN ANY RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN
CONSENT OF THE NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

REVISION INDEX
REV. REV. REV. REV.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE

1 26 51 76
2 27 52 77
3 28 53 78
4 29 54 79
5 30 55 80
6 31 56 81
7 32 57 82
8 33 58 83
9 34 59 84
10 35 60 85
11 36 61 86
12 37 62 87
13 38 63 88
14 39 64 89
15 40 65 90
16 41 66 91
17 42 67 92
18 43 68 93
19 44 69 94
20 45 70 95
21 46 71 96
22 47 72 97
23 48 73 98
24 49 74 99
25 50 75 100

NOTES:
1) THIS SHEET IS A RECORD OF ALL REVISIONS TO THIS SPECIFICATION.
2) REMARKS RELATED TO EACH REVISION SHOW A BRIEF DESCRIPTION. THESE REMARKS SHALL BE
INTERPRETED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE REVISED TEXT MARKED BY REVISION NUMBERS.
3) WHEN APPROVED EACH REVISION SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS A PART OF THE ORIGINAL
DOCUMENT.
4) NUMBER OF PAGES EXCLUDES THIS SHEET AND THE COVER SHEET.

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1
0 JULY, 2005 M.TAVARI S.PAKDEL M.R.FARZAM M.A.A.SAJEDI

REV. DATE PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED AUTHORIZED

 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

CONTENTS: PAGE NO.

1 SCOPE.........................................................................................................................................2
2. REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................2
3. UNITS..........................................................................................................................................3
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................3
TABLE 1- DEW POINT DETERMINATION............................................................................6
5. SURFACE REPARATION .......................................................................................................6
5.1 Pre-blasting preparation..........................................................................................................6
5.2 Blast cleaning ............................................................................................................................7
6. PAINT MATERIALS ................................................................................................................9
6.1 Selection of Paint Materials.....................................................................................................9
6.2 Identification of Paint Materials.............................................................................................9
6.3 Storage of Paint Materials.......................................................................................................9
7. PAINTING SCHEDULES AND PAINT SYSTEM ................................................................9
8. PREPARATION OF PAINT BEFORE USE ........................................................................10
8.1 Storage and Appearance........................................................................................................10
8.2 Preparation of Paint for Application....................................................................................10
9. APPLICATION OF PAINT....................................................................................................13
9.1 General ....................................................................................................................................13
9.2 Priming of Ferrous Metals ....................................................................................................13
9.3 Shop Painting of Steel ............................................................................................................15
9.4 Field and Touch-Up Painting of Steel ..................................................................................15
9.5 Painting of Specific Surfaces .................................................................................................16
10. QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING................................................................................18
APPENDIX A: PAINT SYSTEM ...................................................................................................23
APPENDIX B: PAINT COLOR SCHEDULE 28

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1 SCOPE

This NIOEC Specification covers the minimum requirements for the selection of coating
materials, surface preparation, application procedure and inspection for protective coatings to be
applied during construction and installation of equipment and associated facilities.

2. REFERENCES

Throughout this Specification the following dated and undated standards/ codes are referred to.
These referenced documents shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this
Specification.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
supplements and amendments) applies. For dated references, the edition cited applies.
The applicability of changes in dated references that occur after the cited date shall mutually be
agreed upon by NIOEC and the Vendor/Contractor.

ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS)

ASTM D-3359"Standard Test Methodes for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test"

BSI (BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION)

BS 381C(1988) "Colors for Identification, Coding and Special Purposes"
BS 6150(2002) "Painting of Building"

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)

IPS-M-TP-168 "Material and Equipment standard for Acrylic Silicone Finish Paint for
Temperature Applications Up to 230°C"
IPS-M-TP-190 "Material and Equipment Standard for Coal Tar Epoxy Polyamide Paint as
Primer,Intermediate and Top Coat"
IPS-M-TP-205 "Material and Equipment standard for Zinc Rich Epoxy Paint(Organic)as
Primer,Intermediate and Top Coat"
IPS-M-TP-210 "Material and Equipment standard for Zinc Silicate(inorganic)Paints as
Primer,Intermediate and Top Coat"
IPS-M-TP-215 "Material and Equipment standard for Epoxy Polyamide Primer"
IPS-M-TP-220 "Material and Equipment standard for Epoxy Polyamide Intermediate
Paint"
IPS-M-TP-225 "Material and Equipment standard for Epoxy Polyamide Paint as Top Coat"
IPS-M-TP-235 "Material and Equipment standard for Two Pack Aliphatic Polyurethane
Paint as Top Coat"

ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)

12944(1998) “Paints and Varnishes-Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by
Protective Paint System”
8501-1(1988) "Rust Levels of Steel Structure and Quality Levels for Preparation of Steel
Surfaces for Rust Protecting Surfaces"

NIOEC-SP (NIOEC SPECIFICATION)

NIOEC-SP-00-10 "NIOEC Specification for units"

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SSPC (STEEL STRUCTURE PAINTING COUNCIL)
SSPC-Vol. 1(1994)"Good Painting Practice"
SSPE-Vol. 2(1994)"Systems and Specification"

3. UNITS

International system of units (SI) shall be used in accordance with NIOEC-SP-00-10, unless
otherwise specified.

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1All surfaces shall receive an appropriate paint system as specified by the NIOEC with
reference to Appendix A with the following exceptions:
- any equipment furnished completely painted by the manufacturer unless it is specially
required to match a color scheme or to repair damage to the paint film;

- hot-dip galvanized steel, weathering steel, stainless steel and non-ferrous metals, monel,
brass, copper, aluminum jacketing, unless it is specially required;

- nonmetallic surface;

- nameplates, code stampings and push-buttons;

- surfaces to be fireproofed;

- concrete, brickwork, tile, glass and plastics, unless specially required;

- machined surfaces;

- insulation weatherproofing material or sheeting;

- rubber, hoses, belts, flexible braided connectors, stainless steel tubing and fittings, gages,
valves, and motor shafts;

- and any surface particularly indicated as not to be painted.

4.2 Paint systems are generally specified by dry film thickness of coat(s) and total dry film
thickness of primer, intermediate and topcoat rather than by the number of coats.

4.3 Unless otherwise stated in Appendix A, the total dry film thickness of paint system shall be
100 microns minimum. All paints and paint materials used shall comply with the
specification given in relevant Material Specification and they shall be obtained from
approved manufacturers only.

4.4 All materials shall be supplied in the manufacturer’s original containers, durably and legibly
marked according to relevant Material Specification.

4.5 Fabrication should preferably be complete before surface preparation begins.

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4.6 All painting shall be carried out in full conformity with this Specification. Particular
attention shall be paid to Manufacturer instructions on storage, mixing, thinning, pot life,
application conditions, application technique and recommended time intervals between
coats.

4.7 No paint shall be used in which the vehicle has set hard and which cannot readily be
reincorporated by correct mixing. Similarly, no paint shall be used which has jellified or
which has thickened to such an extent that too much thinner is required to brushing
consistency.

4.8 Paint shall not be applied under the following conditions:

- When the temperature of the surface is less than 3ºC above the dew point of the
surrounding air, and/ or the relative humidity is higher than 80%;

- When the temperature is below 4ºC;

- When the surface temperature is higher than 35ºC;

- When there is the likelihood of an unfavorable change in weather conditions within two
hours after coating;

- When there is a deposition of moisture in the form of rain, condensation, frost, etc., on the
surface. This is likely to occur when the relative humidity is over 80% and the temperature
is below 15ºC.

Each layer of paint shall be allowed to dry for a period of time within the limits prescribed
by the paint manufacturer, before the next layer is applied.

4.9 Subsequent layers of a paint system shall have a difference in tint or color.

4.10 Particular attention shall be paid to the painting of corners, edges, welds, etc. especially
with respect to the specified minimum dry-film thickness.

4.11 During both application and drying, adequate ventilation shall be provided if the work area
is enclosed.

4.12 All steel constructions or plates shall be provided with priming or coating system to protect
the steel surfaces during the transport, storage, construction and joining stages, e.g.
welding of the project.

4.13 All surface inaccessible after assembly shall be fully painted before assembly.

4.14 It shall be the responsibility of the contractor to coordinate work so that shop primed items
are primed and painted with compatible coating, as specified according to Appendix A.

4.15 Coatings shall be applied by conventional and/ or airless spray in exact accordance with
this Specification and/ or the manufacturer’s instructions.

4.16 No paint shall be used in which the vehicle has set hard and which cannot readily be
reincorporated by correct mixing. Similarly, no paint shall be used which has jellified or

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which has thickened to such an extent that too much thinner is required to brushing
consistency.

4.17 Two pack paints shall be carefully mixed in strict accordance with this Specification and/
or manufacturers instructions. The pot life of such paints shall be carefully noted and any
mixed paint which has exceeded its pot life must be discarded irrespective of its apparent
condition (see 8.2.1.14).

4.18 The application shall leave no sags, runs, marks or other defects.

4.19 Drying and application time between coats shall adhere to the coating manufacturer’s
recommendations with temperature and humidity conditions taken into account, and shall
generally be kept to the minimum in order to prevent contamination between coats. Where
contamination occurs between coats, this must be completely removed, generally be
washed per manufacturer’s recommendation or otherwise with suitable detergent solution
and rinsed with clean water. The paint surface shall be dry before over-coated application.

4.20 The greatest precaution shall be take in the spraying of inorganic zinc primers to ensure
proper cohesion and adhesion permitted care shall be take not to exceed the maximum
film thickness .Inorganic zinc-rich paints shall be applied by airless spray. If the zinc
powder is packaged separately, mix with the vehicle just before use. They shall be applied
at a coverage rate recommended by Appendix A. Prior to top coating, a barrier or tie coat
may be required for overcoating with certain generic coatings. The manufacturer’s
recommendations shall be followed. Complete curing of the zinc-rich primer is necessary
before top coating. Over spray shall be removed with a stiff bristle brush or wire screen.
Popping will be eliminated by scrapping the painted surface with a soft sand paper before
overcoating.

4.21 Any and all holes and surface imperfections shall be cleaned and filled in an approved
manner before painting.

4.22 Number of coats when specified shall be a minimum number of coats to achieve the
specified film thickness. Maximum dry film thick nesses should not exceed those
specified by the client.

4.23 All equipment shall be maintained in good working order. Equipment shall be thoroughly
cleaned daily. Worn parts shall be replaced. Effective oil and water separators shall be
used and serviced regularly.

4.24 All points of damage to paintwork incurred at any stage of the work including site welding
operations, shall be reprepared to the original standard and recoating with the specified
priming coat and finish coat to restore the film thickness. In all such instances preparation
shall extend 25 mm into the sound paintwork and a further 25 mm of sound paintwork
shall be lightly blasted to etch the surface. Repainting shall then cover the prepared surface
and the etched paintwork.

4.25 When painting insulating flanges with paints containing metallic pigments insulating
materials will be covered with protective striping to prevent breaking or “electrically
shorting” the insulating barrier.

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4.26 Unless otherwise specified the minimum allowable time before application of intermediate
or finish coat shall be three hours.

4.27 Maximum allowable time between application of intermediate and finish coat shall be as
recommended by the paint manufacturer but shall not be less than eight hours.

4.28 Any surfaces to be coated shall be rendered dust-free prior to the application of the prime
coat. This shall be accomplished by blowing of the surface with clean dry air or by using an
industrial vacuum cleaner.

TABLE 1- DEW POINT DETERMINATION

DEW POINTS (ºC) AT VARIOUS RELATIVE HUMIDITIES

AIR TEMP. 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10
0
%
-1 - - - - -6.5 -4 -2 -1
4 - -6.5 -4 -2 0.5 1.5 3.5 4.5
10 -6.5 -3.5 0.5 2 3.5 5.5 8.5 10
15.5 0 2 4 8 10 11.5 14 15.5

21 3 6.5 10 13 15 18 19.5 21
26.6 7 12 15.5 19 21 23.5 25 26.5
32 13 16.5 20.5 24 25.5 28.5 30.5 32
38 18 22 25.5 29 31 33.5 36 38
Note:

It is essential to ensure that no condensation occurs on blasted steel or between coats during
painting.

Air at a given temperature can only contain a certain (maximum) amount of water vapor. This
proportion is lower at lower temperatures.

The dew point is the temperature of a given air-water vapor mixture at which condensation
starts, since at that temperature its maximum water content (saturation) is reached.

In practice, a safety margin must be kept, whereby the substrate temperature is at least 3ºC
above dew point.

5. SURFACE REPARATION

5.1 Pre-blasting preparation

5.1.1 Sharp edges, fillets, corners, and welds shall be rounded or smoothened by grinding
(minimum radius 2 mm)

5.1.2 Hard surface layers (e.g. resulting from flame cutting) shall be removed by grinding prior
to blast cleaning.

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5.1.3 The surfaces shall be free from any foreign matter such as weld flux, residue, slivers, oil,
grease; salt etc. prior to blast cleaning. All surfaces should be washed with clean fresh water
prior to blast cleaning.

5.1.4 Any oil and grease contamination shall be removed in accordance with SSPC/SSPM
Volume 2, grade SP1, prior to blast operations.

5.1.5 Any major surface defects, particularly surface laminations or scabs detrimental to the
protective coating system shall be removed by suitable dressing. Where such defects have
been revealed during blast cleanings, and dressing has been performed, the dressed area
shall be re-blasted to the specified standard. All welds shall be inspected and if necessary
repaired prior to final blast cleaning of the area. Surface pores, cavities etc. shall be removed
by suitable dressing or weld repair.

5.2 Blast cleaning

5.2.1 Blasting operations shall never be allowed in the vicinity of painting work or near to a wet
paint surface or any where that blast abrasive, grit or fall-out shall impinge on a freshly
painted surface, or on any uncovered primed surface.
5.2.2 Blast cleaning operations shall not be conducted on surfaces that will be wet after blasting
and before coating, when the surfaces temperature are less than 3ºC above the dew point,
when the relative humidity of the air is greater than 85%, or when the ambient temperature
is below 3ºC.

5.2.3 The maximum particle size of the abrasives used in blast cleaning shall not be larger than
that passing through a 14-mesh screen B.S. Sieve Series. All abrasives shall be free from
dust, moisture and salt. Blasting shall be continued till a uniform white metal surface is
achieved.

5.2.4 Blast cleaning is permitted only during the day light.

5.2.5 Where rectification has been necessary on blast-cleaned surface, the particular area shall
be re-blasted to remove all rust and slag, and to provide adequate paint adhesion.

5.2.6 Blast cleaning shall overlap by a minimum of 25 mm into any adjacent coated areas. Any
steel work not primed and/or wetted by rain or moisture shall be re-blasted prior to being
painted if rust develops.

5.2.7 Steel may be blast-cleaned either before or after fabrication. Sometimes it may be
necessary both before and after.
Where steel is cleaned before fabrication it shall be protected with a suitable blast-primer to
avoid rusting before fabrication is completed. During fabrication, the blast-primer will
inevitably be destroyed or damaged in places, e.g. by welding. Such areas shall be cleaned
and re-primed as soon as possible.
Where steel cleaned after fabrication it may still be necessary to apply a blast-primer, but
often the first coat of the full protective system can be applied.

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5.2.8 The roughness of prepared surface results from primary roughness already present in the
initial state and which is exposed by the mechanical preparation methods, in particular by
blasting. The roughness parameters (the peak-to valley height) give some basis for
determining the minimum coat thickness necessary for satisfactory embedment and covering
of roughness peaks.
The surface roughness of steel work shall be within 0.1 mm to 0.03 ± 0.005 mm for
painting, coating and lining.

5.2.9 Surface preparation specified in the schedule (Appendix A) shall be in accordance with the
following Standard, ISO8501-1:
5.2.9.1 Hand Tool Cleaning ST2
5.2.9.2 Power Tool Cleaning and Power Tool touch up
of pre-blasted items ST3
5.2.9.3 Light Blast Cleaning (Sweep blast) SA1
5.2.9.4 Near White Metal Blast Cleaning SA2, ½
5.2.9.5 White Metal Blast Cleaning SA3

5.2.10 Standard level of cleanliness unless otherwise specified by the NIOEC, the level of
cleanliness for prepared steel surface shall be Sa3 for zinc silicate and zinc rich epoxy
primers and Sa2½ for other primers and organic coactions and for metal coatings,
claddings and lining.

5.2.11 A qualified well trained operator shall be employed for the blast-cleaning job. The
qualification of operator must be approved by NIOEC.

5.2.12 When sheets of less than 4 mm thickness are blasted, deformation may occur. This
shall be avoided by:
a) Low air pressure, small grain sizes and the use of a blasting abrasive of low bulk
density;

b) A low angle of blasting with sharp edged grain and a short duration of blasting. With
adhesive scale or fairly thick rusting it may be necessary to carry out preparatory work
by some other methods, e.g. manual cleaning or pickling, before cleaning, measures
a(and b) will result in less efficient blasting.

5.2.13 Residual shot, grit and dust shall be completely removed after blasting, preferably by
vacuum cleaning, but otherwise by oil and water free air blast or fiber brush.
5.2.14 All blasted steel surfaces shall be primed before visible re-rusting occurs or within 4
hours whichever is sooner.

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6. PAINT MATERIALS

6.1 Selection of Paint Materials

6.1.1 Only paint system which complies with Appendix A shall be used.

6.1.2 The paint materials supplied shall be certified by the manufacturer in accordance with
the requirements relevant IPS Material Specification for paint. The contractor shall
obtain and retain all certificates and manufacturer’s data sheets.

6.2 Identification of Paint Materials

The contractor shall ensure that all materials supplied for painting operations are clearly
marked according to IPS Material Specification for paints.

6.3 Storage of Paint Materials

All paint materials consigned to the coating site shall be properly stored in accordance with
the manufacturer instructions at all times to prevent damage and deterioration prior to use.
Materials shall be used in the order in which they are delivered.

7. PAINTING SCHEDULES AND PAINT SYSTEM

Unless otherwise noted, surface preparation and primer, intermediate and finish painting on
Vessels, Exchangers, Equipment and Structural Steel will be done in the shop, and only
touch-up will be required in the field.
Shop primer on piping for rust prevention will be done in the shop and primer, intermediate
and finish will be required in the field.
All surfaces of tank plate shall receive one coat of Pre-fabrication primer (Inorganic Zinc
Rich at 20 microns) at vendor shop and primer, intermediate and finish will be required in
the field.
All surfaces shall receive an appropriate paint system and finish color as specified in
Appendix A and B with exceptions which are noted in 4.1.
Temperatures listed in Appendix A refer to operating temperature of item, not design
temperature.
For building painting see BS 6150 (Painting of Buildings).

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8. PREPARATION OF PAINT BEFORE USE
8.1 Storage and Appearance
8.1.1 Paint shall be stored in a well ventilated room, free from excessive heat or direct rays
of the sun and maintained at a temperature between 4ºC and 27ºC. Open air storage
shall be avoided particularly of heavy paints such as primers and undercoats.

8.1.2The maximum storage time for paints shall be as recommended by relevant Material
Specification. Paints shall not be stored in open containers, even for a short time.

8.1.3All containers of paint shall remain unopened until required for use. Those containers
which have been previously opened shall be used first. The label information shall be
legible and shall be checked at the time of use.

8.1.4 The settlement of heavy paints such as red lead oxide primers, enamel undercoats,
and wood priming paints shall be lessened by rolling the drums in which they are
stored every six weeks. Touring the drums on their ends is not allowed. The normal
finishing paints and drum paints do not require rolling during the storage period.

8.1.5 If paint has thickened to such as extent that more than 5% by volume (10% by
volume for priming paints) of the correct thinners is required to bring it to brushing
consistency.

8.1.6 Paint which has levered, gelled, or otherwise deteriorated during storage shall not be
used; however thixotropic materials which can be stirred to attain normal
consistency may be used.

8.1.7 The oldest paint of each kind shall be used first.

8.1.8 Temperature of paint may be excessively high or low depending on storage or

shipping conditions. If so, warm or cool the paint to a temperature of 10-32ºC before
mixing and use.
8.2 Preparation of Paint for Application
8.2.1 Mixing
8.2.1.1 Paints shall preferably be mixed by powered mixers and/or shakers. Only
small quantities are suitable for hand mixing, and then shall only be mixed by
an efficient method such as boxing *. Avoid shaking partly full cans of latex
paint, it cause foaming.

8.2.1.2 The paint shall be mixed in a manner which will insure the break-up of all
lumps, complete dispersion of pigment and a uniform composition.

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8.2.1.3 The lumpy or stiff paste shall be broken up with a mechanical agitator. In
some cases with a wide strong paddle made of wood or iron, stirred with a
motion from container.

8.2.1.4 Where a skin has formed in the container, the skin shall be cut loose from the
sides of the container, removed and discarded. If the volumes of such skins
are more than 2% of the remaining paint, the paint shall not be used.

8.2.1.5 Mixing in open containers shall be done in a well ventilated area away from
sparks or flames.
Paint shall not be mixed or kept in suspension by means of an air stream
bubbling under the paint surface.

8.2.1.6 Dry pigments which are separately packaged shall be mixed into paints in
such a manner that they are uniformly blended and all particles of the dry
powder are wetted by the vehicle.

8.2.1.7 Pastes shall be made into paints in such a manner that the paste shall be
uniformly blended and all lumps and particles broken up to form a
homogeneous paint.

8.2.1.8 Tinting pastes or colors shall be wetted with a small amount of thinner,
vehicle, or paint and thoroughly mixed. Next, the thinned mixture shall be
strained.
Finally, it shall be added to the large container of paint and mixed until the
color is uniform.

8.2.1.9 Paint which does not have a limited pot life (time interval) or does not
deteriorate on standing may be mixed at any time before using, but if settling
has occurred it must be remixed immediately before using.

8.2.1.10 Paint shall not remain in spray pots, painter’s buckets, etc. Overnight, but
shall be stored in a covered container and remixed before use.

8.2.1.11 Catalysts, curing agents, or hardeners which are separately packaged shall
be added to the base paint only after the latter has been thoroughly mixed.
The proper volume of the catalyst shall then be slowly poured into the
required volume of base with constant agitation. Do not pour off the liquid
which has separated from the pigment and then add the catalyst to the settled
pigment to aid mixing. The mixture shall be used within the pot life specified
by the manufacture. (For example, more than 20 minutes and less than eight
hours after mixing are the pot life limits for some chemically cured paints.)
Therefore only enough paint shall be catalyzed for prompt use. Most mixed,

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catalyzed paints cannot be stored, and un-used portions of these shall be
discarded at the end of each working day at the expense of the contractor.
When specified, special continuous mixing equipment shall be used
according to the manufacturer’s directions.

8.2.1.12The drum paints shall be rolled on its side for some minutes before opening.
The entire paint content shall be poured into an empty clean drum or can,
ensure that no heavy paste remains in the original container. If paste remains,
some of paint shall be poured back and the mixture again stirred thoroughly
and returned to the bulk.

8.2.1.13All pigmented paint shall be strained after mixing except where application
equipment is providing with strainers. Strainers shall be of a type to remove
only skins and undesirable matter but not to remove the pigment. Cheese-
cloth
of fine metal gauze, approximately 0.15 mm (80 mesh) is recommended as
strainer.

8.2.1.14When mixing two-component paints, check and remix each component

individually. Then blend the two components at low speed until the mixture
is completely uniform in color. Often, the two components are supplied in
different colors so that a good mix can be readily determined. Do not mix
more than a few liters at a time since the exotherm caused by the mixture
may be so high as to make the paint solidify in the container.

8.2.1.15 Hand mixing of paints shall only be permitted for containers up to 5 liters.
All larger containers shall be mixed by mechanical agitators and brought to a
uniform consistency. Where pigment separation readily occurs such as heavy
or metallic pigments, prevention shall be made for continuous mixing during
application.

8.2.2 Thinning
8.2.2.1 Do not thin the paint unless recommended by supplier or needed for spray
application or in case of thickening of paint as in 6.2.2.2.

8.2.2.2 If thickening of paint prevents proper application by brush, not more than 5%
by volume of the correct thinner may be added; for oil-based primers
containing red lead, up to 10% by volume is acceptable. For enamels which
are applied by spraying, special enamel thinners shall be used. For drum
paints and for priming paints, white spirit (mineral turpentine) shall be used
as thinner. Emulsion paints normally require thinning up to 12% by volume
of clean fresh water. The addition of more water than is necessary to obtain a
satisfactory brushing consistency is not allowed.

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8.2.2.3 When thinning the paint, first be sure that it is well mixed before adding the
thinner. Then thinner shall be added slowly to paint during the mixing
process.

8.2.2.4 If the paint is cold, do not add thinner to make application easier. Instead,
bring the paint to 10-32ºC. Paint heaters can be used to reduce viscosity for
spray application, thus avoiding the addition of thinners. Do not apply warm
paint to cold steel. Results are best if both are similar in temperature.

9. APPLICATION OF PAINT
9.1 General
9.1.1 Paints shall be applied in accordance with this Specification and good industrial
practice. Manufacture instruction shall also be considered.

9.1.2 Paint shall not be applied under the conditions described in 5.10. The paint film shall
not be exposed to moisture and contamination before it has dried. Priming and painting
under controlled condition in the shop is preferred.

9.1.3 The degree of cleanliness of surface will be determined by the requirements in respect
of paint system (Appendix A).

9.1.4 The number of coats applied after priming and the total dry film thickness of paint will
be determined by the requirement in respect to paint system and conditions with
reference to Appendix A. By no means shall the total dry film thickness of paint not be
less than 125 microns for moderate exterior environments; severe environment needs
higher film thickness.

9.2 Priming of Ferrous Metals

9.2.1 General
9.2.1.1 Prepared surfaces should be primed generally within four hours or before
visible re-rusting occurs.

9.2.1.2 Blast cleaned surfaces may be protected for short periods by thin coat of pre-
treatment primer. Such primers shall be applied as a continuous coating in an
even manner to achieve a minimum film thickness of 20 microns. Such primers
do not replace the full thickness of permanent primer.

9.2.1.3 The priming coat or coats on steel shall be as specified by Appendix A but in
no case shall have a total dry film thickness less than 50 microns. When
applied in two coats, a shade contrast between coats is recommended.

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 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

9.2.1.4 In order to minimize contamination between successive coats of paint, over

coating of the preceding coat shall be done within the period of time
recommended by the manufacturer and shall not delayed beyond the period
specified. When delays are unavoidable, the painted surface shall be
thoroughly cleaned and dried to the satisfaction of the NIOEC before over
coating may take place.

9.2.1.5The primer is applied by spray, except when the NIOEC prefers another method
of application or required by the job and/or material.

9.2.1.6 Primed steelwork, especially if it has been exposed for a lengthy period, shall
be examined carefully before further coats of paint are applied. If the primer
has been deteriorated, e.g. is perished, eroded or poorly adhering, or has been

damaged, so allowing corrosion to develop, the affected areas shall be re-

prepared and primed. If there is evidence of widespread corrosion beneath the
primer, it shall be removed and the surface again prepared and primed.

9.2.1.7 Removal of salt deposits by washing from surfaces primed with zinc-rich
primers is especially important as the corrosion products formed by reaction
between the salts and the zinc can affect the performance of subsequent coats.

9.2.1.8 With a single coat of primer, it is difficult to obtain films of uniform thickness
and free from pinholes, the points at which corrosion starts. In all but ‘mild’
interior environments, application of two coats of primer is suitable. If
application of two coats cannot extend to the whole of the surface, a second
coat shall be applied to vulnerable points, e.g. along external angles and to
bolts and rivet heads.

9.2.1.9 Surface primed with red-lead primer shall not be exposed to the weather for
more than one month.

9.2.2 Priming of steel prepared by blasting

9.2.2.1 Blast cleaned steel prepared to SIS Grade Sa 3 or Sa 2½ shall frequently be

coated either in the shop or on site with a pre-treatment or pre-fabrication
primer or with original primer.

9.2.2.2 For further priming over the pre-fabrication primers or for direct application to
blast cleaned steel, the priming paint shall be in accordance with relevant
Material Specification for paints.

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 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)
9.2.2.3 Unless otherwise specified by the NIOEC with reference to Appendix A, it is
essential that the total film thickness of the priming coats (blast or pre-
fabrication primer plus second primer) shall meet the prescribed thickness of
75 micron minimum in all area.

9.3 Shop Painting of Steel

9.3.1 Full protection applies in the shop immediately after fabrication normally results
in a longer life of the protective system. However, damage during transportation
and erection may subsequently necessitate widespread repair or touch-up of
coating, so the structural steelwork, surface pipework, towers, vessels, heat-
exchanger shells and similar containers which will not be lagged can be treated
in the shop, subject to mutual agreement.

9.3.2 The shop treatments will be determined by requirements in respect to paint

system and conditions such as type of environment transportation, economic, etc.

9.3.3 Handling and storage of shop treated items shall be so that to prevent damage to
the treated surfaces.

9.3.4 Damage resulting from handling in the shop following painting, such as during
storage or loading, is to be repaired as a part of the field painting operations. If
the shop coat is damaged in fabrication, it shall be repaired before leaving the
shop.

9.3.5 Contact surfaces shall be painted or left unpainted as specified in the

procurement documents. When painted, at least the first coat shall be applied in
the shop, with subsequent coats being applied in the field while the surfaces are
still accessible, unless otherwise specified.

9.3.6 If the paint specified is harmful to the welding operator or is detrimental to the
welding operation or the finished welds, the steel shall not be painted within 100
mm of the areas to be welded.

9.4 Field and Touch-Up Painting of Steel

9.4.1 Previously applied shop coating must be dry and free of dirt, oil, or other
contaminates. The manufacturer’s instructions shall be followed if special surface
preparation procedures are required before application of the field coats.

9.4.2 All shop coated items which have deteriorated as a result of transshipment to the
extent that either crumbling or white staining of the coating is evident shall
receive. A superficial sweep blast cleaning sufficient to remove the degradation
and to re-prepare exposed degraded metal substrate and dust.

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 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

9.4.3 Shop coated steel members shall preferably be field painted after erection of such
members is completed. Steel members may be field painted on the ground before
erection, provided such painting is touched-up where damaged with the same
number of coats and kinds of paints after erection. However, the last complete coat
of paint shall be applied after erection.

9.4.4 The first field coat of paint shall be applied within a reasonable period after the
shop coat(s), and in any event before the weathering (and required touch-up) of the
shop coat becomes excessive.

9.4.5 When the type of paint for field coats is not specified, it shall be determined that
the paint to be used is compatible with the shop applied coats(s). Paint used in the
first field coat over shop painted surfaces shall not cause wrinkling, lifting, or other
damage to the underlying paint.

9.4.6 Contact surfaces shall be painted or left unpainted as specified in the procurement
documents or required by the job.

9.4.7 Surfaces (other than contact surfaces) of fabricated assemblies those are accessible
before erection but which will not be accessible after erection shall receive all field
coats of paint before erection.

9.4.8 All cracks and crevices shall be filled with paint if practical.

9.4.9 Wet paint shall be protected against damage from dust or other detrimental foreign
matter as much as is practical.

9.4.10 Steel stored pending erection shall be kept free from contact with the ground and
so positioned as to minimize water-holding pockets, soiling, contamination, and
deterioration of the paint film. Such steel shall be cleaned and repainted or
touched-up with the specified paint whenever it becomes necessary to maintain
the integrity of the film.

9.4.11 All field welds and all areas within 100 mm of welds shall be cleaned before
painting, using surface preparation methods at least as effective as those
specified for the structure itself; all welds shall either be blast cleaned,
thoroughly power wire brushed, chemically scrubbed, or water scrubbed of all
detrimental welding deposits as required.
9.5 Painting of Specific Surfaces

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9.5.1 Contact surfaces

Unless otherwise specified by the NIOEC, the following practice shall be followed
regarding painting of contact surfaces:

9.5.1.1 The areas of steel surfaces to be encased or embedded in concrete shall not be
painted.

9.5.1.2 Steel to be completely enclosed in brick or other masonry shall be given at

least one coat of shop paint.

9.5.1.3 The areas of steel surfaces to be in contact with wood shall be painted as
indicated in 9.5.1.5

9.5.1.4 Surfaces to be in contact only after field erection shall be painted as provided
in 9.5.1.5, except where the paint interferes with assembly or where indicated
in 9.5.1.7.

9.5.1.5 Steel surfaces not in direct bonded contact, but inaccessible after assembly
shall receive the full specified paint system before assembly.

9.5.1.6 Bearing-type joints may be painted as required in 9.5.1.5.

9.5.1.7 Contact surfaces of members to be joined by high strength bolts in friction-

type joints are a special case. Unless specifically authorized to the contrary,
they shall be left unpainted and free of oil, grease, and coatings.

9.5.2 Edges

All sharp edges shall be coated to the same film thickness as the adjacent steelwork to
prevent premature breakdown from this area. Corners, services, bolt heads and rivet
heads require similar attention. Where there is any doubt that these areas have received
adequate film thickness the NIOEC may direct that an additional strip coat of paint, be
applied to ensure the full film thickness, without any additional cost to the NIOEC.

9.5.3 Welds

As rolled steel may be blast-cleaned and protected with blast primer before fabrication
and welding. This prevents the serious development of rust, which would be difficult
to remove after fabrication. The use of steel that has rusted heavily during storage

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should be avoided for the same reason. When welding metal coated or zinc-dust
painted steel, it is necessary to remove the coating near the weld area, or mask-off the
weld area before coating. Most painted steel can be cut and welded satisfactory
provided that the coating thickness is less than 25 microns. After welding, scale and
heat-damaged coating shall be removed by local blast-cleaning and the area renovated
by repainting the original coating.

10. QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING

10.1 Manufactures of all materials shall supply test certificates of all tests performed and a
certificate of compliance stating that the material meets the requirements of the applicable
specifications.

10.2 Test shall ensure that the quality of the surface coating is in accordance with that specified
and shall include, but shall not be limited to, thickness testing, adhesion testing, holiday
testing , abrasion testing, solvent testing, etc.

10.3 Requested tests should be carried out in accordance with ASTM standards as specified in
SSPC (good painting practice) volume 1 page 217 & 218.

10.4.HUMIDITY CHECK

The air’s relative humidity shall be measured with a psychrometer. Surface preparation
and/or paint application operations shall not commence until relative humidity is less than
the limits set in paragraphs 8.3. Relative humidity shall be measured and recorded a
minimum of six (6) times a day whence two (2) times before commencement of work.
Moisture on the surface being prepared or painted shall be measured every day with a
surface moisture indicator before beginning surface preparation operations or applying a
coat of paint.

10.5.ROUGHNESS CHECK

A Rugotest or Keane-Tator comparator shall be used in determining anchor pattern of sand

blasted surfaces, when a fixed anchor pattern rang is required by a specific painting system.

10.6THICKNESS CHECK

Dry paint thickness shall be measured with a magnetic probe, such as Micro test or
Elcometer or equivalent. It is imperative that the magnetic probe be calibrated for each
thickness of coating steel support with a non-magnetic block whose thickness is as close as
possible to the coating being checked.

Each coat’s thickness and total thickness shall be checked. Make five (5) separate spot
measurements spaced evenly over each section of the structure 10 square meters in area

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(divide the entire surface in 10 square meter areas).

On each spot, make 3 readings by moving the probe a short distance for each new gage
reading. Discard any unusually high or low gage reading that cannot be repeated
consistently; Take the average of the three (3) gage readings as spot measurement.

INORGANIC ZINC SILICATE:

Before over coating it shall be checked, with the solvent recommended by the paint
manufacturer, that the hydrolysis is complete by soaking the surface with a rag impregnated
with the recommended solvent.

Thickness checking shall be made after the application of the zinc silicate coat.
Thickness shall be in the range 50 to 90 microns.

For each successive coat, the minimal allowable thickness shall be least 80% of the
specified thickness; the maximum thickness shall not exceed 150% of the specified
thickness.

For the total system, the minimal allowable thickness shall be at least 80% of the specified
thickness, the maximum thickness shall not exceed 150% of the specified thickness unless
the paint remained soft or shows mud crack or orange skin or wrinkling pinhole and
intercoat delamination which cause rejection of the paint.

Surfaces with coat thickness out of tolerance shall:

- Be sand blasted if too thick and repainted.
- Receive and additional paint coat to obtain specified thickness.

10.7.In order to achieve the specified dry film thickness, frequent checks of wet film thickness
shall be carried out during the paint application with film thickness gauges such as the
elcometer wheel or comb type.

10.8.In the event of the film thickness not meeting the specified requirements, additional coat
(s) of the paint concerned shall be applied in compliance with the specified requirements.

10.9.The degree of curing of epoxy resin based paint systems shall be checked by the
determination of the resistance of the coating to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). After rubbing
the coating for one minute with a rag soaked in MEK, the coating shall not be softened
and shall resist scraping with a fingernail.

10.10.POROSITY CHECK (FOR INTERNAL LINNIG ONLY)

Coating integrity shall be checked with a direct current holiday detector. The electrode
shall consist of an eighty (80) cm 2 cellulose sponge soaked in a 1% detergent solution in
potable water.

The instrument shall be calibrated and checked every hour to indicate a coating porosity
of 80 000 ohms under a voltage of 67.5 volts between the ground and wet sponge a
resistance of 90 000 ohms indicates no porosity.

Sponge displacement speed on the surface shall not exceed 0.3 meters per second (18

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meters per minute). The sponge shall be moved back and forth so that is passes over the
same area twice. The measurement is taken on the second pass. A minimum of ten
percent of the painted surface shall be examined.
If there is any porosity, the inspector or the NIOEC representative shall have the entire
painted surface inspected.

An alternating current holiday detector should preferably be used. In this case, the
voltage between the painted steel surface and the test electrode shall be 5 volts micron of
paint coat thickness.

The inspector shall mark defective areas for repair. Any porous area shall be repaired
when the number of pores is greater than 3 per square meter, the entire area shall be blast
cleaned and repainted as per this specification.

10.11.ADHERENCE CHECK
Paint adherence shall be checked as per ASTM method D3359. Method A (Xcut) shall
be used for paint film thicker than 125 microns, method B (lattice pattern) shall be used
for paint films up to 125 microns.

Test method A: An X-cut is made in the film to the substrate; pressure-sensitive tape is
applied over the cut and then removed. Acceptable rating are 5A (No peeling or
removal) or 4A (Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersections).

Test method B: A lattice pattern with either six or eleven cuts in each direction) cross is
made in the film to the substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice and
then removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison with descriptions and
illustrations. Spacing between the cut lines shall be 1 mm for film thickness up to 50
microns and 2mm for film thickness from 50 to 125 microns. Acceptable results are rate
5B (the edges of the cuts are completely smooth, none of the squares of the lattice is
detached) or 4B (Small flakes of the coating are derached at intersections, if the test is
unsatisfactory, the entire surface shall be blast cleaned and repainted.
Recoating after this destructive test is at the Applicator’s expense.
Coating film should be inspected visually after each application and before application
of the next coat in order to verify that the whole surface is free of defects as:

- Mud-cracking
- Inclusion and cleanliness
- Holidays
- Bubble
- Mechanical damage
- Runs/sags
- Over spray

10.12.EXTENT OF INSPECTION

In view of the final acceptance, the extension of the inspection shall be as hereinafter
indicated and shall be referred to the following steps of work:
Primed surfaces
Complete painted surfaces.

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Paint application shall not be started before previous coat/preparation is inspected and
approved.

10.13.INSPECTION RESULTS

All quality control results shall be written up into reports. All reports shall be submitted to
the NIOEC during provisional acceptance of the paint.

10.14.REPAIR OF DEFECTS OR DAMAGE

Any defect or damage that may occur shall be repaired before the application of further
coats and where necessary the particular surface (s) made paint free. Remedial work shall
be carried out prior to packing for shipment.

Areas where due to inadequately prepared surfaces, solvent entrapment, excessive

application of prime and/or finish coats, etc, the tested paint system consistently fails to
meet the required test standards for adhesion/ cohesion, the contractor shall remove the
affected area by blast cleaning and shall reapply the full paint system to meet the required
standard.

Areas which are to be overcoated shall be thoroughly cleaned free from grease, oil and
other foreign matter and shall be dry. The surfaces shall then be prepared to the standard
as originally specified (for large damaged areas), or prepared to the highest possible
standard using mechanically operated tools (for small local damaged spots up to 1 m2.

Subsequently additional compatible coats shall be applies, until they meet the
specification. These additional coats shall blend in with the final coating on adjoining area.

During the agreed maintenance period, any observed defective coatings, rusted areas or
failures developing in the paint systems, shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the NIOEC
inspector.

When factory painted or painted surfaces have been marked in handling, the damaged
paint and non-adherent paint shall be removed and the surface thoroughly cleaned.
The edges on the damaged area shall be smoothed. Surface preparation shall extend
approximately 5 cm into the sound coat. The primer and finishing coats shall be applied in
accordance with Article 9.

Where touch up of a shop applied inorganic zinc silicate primer is involved, the type of
paint employed for touch up shall be two pack zinc rich polyamide cured epoxy primer
for temperatures up to 150°C and ethyl silicate based inorganic zinc primer for
temperatures in excess of 150°C.

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Note:
If sand blasting is not applicable for any reason to be agreed upon by NIOEC or inspector,
zinc silicate primer shall not be used for touch up repairs. Zinc rich 2 components epoxy
primer or an approved epoxy primer formulated for application on hand or mechanically
brushed surfaces should be used instead. The touch up primer shall be compatible with the
paint system.

10.15.Manufacturer’s shop or field applicator shall submit check certified for the following
point:

a) Surface profile check

b) Verification of paint documentation
c) Environmental conditions during application
d) Curing check
e) Appearance film check
f) Adhesiveness cross-out check

Note:
1) Acceptable surface profile shall be in accordance to the technical date sheet of the
product.
2) Adhesion degree of each product shall be as for ASTM D-3359 and shall be specified
by the paint manufacturer and approved by Owner. After the test, the surface shall be
restored in accordance with the system applied.

10.16.Contractor reserves the right to witnessed at manufacture’s shop in spot for type/lot the
following inspections and test.

1) Blasting and primer system:

a) Surface profile
b) Verification of primer documentation
c) Verification of paints maturity
d) Appearance film check
e) Adhesiveness cross-cut check

2) Painting complete system

a) Verification of paint documentation
b) Verification of paint maturity
c) Appearance film check

10.17.If during the above mentioned inspection, painting defects (such as dripping, blistering,
mud- cracking, over thickness and dry spray) or conditions of preparation, thickness,
bond etc, should be found not to be conforming to the requirements, the manufacturer’s
shop or field applicator at his own expense restore the faulty surfaces to an acceptable
degree.

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APPENDIX A: PAINT SYSTEM

DFT
PAINT SYSTEM (DRY FILM THICKNESS)
TEMP. IN MICRON
SERVICE RANGE
SURFACE INTERMEDIATE
PRIMER COAT FINISH COAT PC IC FC TOTAL
PREPRATION COAT

EPOXY TWO-PACK
BOLTING, FLOOR GRATING, UP TO ZINC-RICH
SA 2,1/2 POLYAMIDE POLYURETHANE 75 150 50 275
LADDERS, STAIR TREAD, 120ºC EPOXY
IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-235
HANDRAILING, ELECTRICAL IPS-M-TP-205
FIXTURES, STRUCTURAL ZINC-SILICATE SILICON SILICON
STEELWORK, FABRICATED 121ºC TO
SA 3 PAINT ACRYLIC ACRYLIC 75 25 25 125
STEELWORK, COLUMNS, VESSELS, 200ºC IPS-M-TP-210 IPS-M-TP-168 IPS-M-TP-168
TANKS, HEAT TRANSFER
EQUIPMENT, STEEL STACKS, PIPING, ZINC-SILICATE
201ºC TO SILICON SILICON
ETC. SA 3 PAINT 75 25 25 125
400ºC IPS-M-TP-210
ALUMINUM ALUMINUM
(EXTERNAL SURFACE & UNINSTULATED)
401ºC TO SILICON SILICON
SA 2,1/2 25 25 50
600ºC ALUMINUM ALUMINUM

MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL &

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT,
FIREFIGHTING AND FIRST AID TO THE MANUFACTURER'S STANDARDS, UNLESS OTHERWISED SPECIFIED
EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, PUMP,
MOTOR, SWITCH TRANSFORMER,,
ETC.

INSTRUMENTS, INSTRUMENT
TO THE MANUFACTURER'S STANDARDS, BUT WITH SPECIFIED COLOR IF APPLICABLE
PANELS, CONSOLES AND CABIENTS.

NOTE 1) FOR INSULATED SURFACES UNDER INSULATION IF METAL SKIN ORERATING TEMPRATURE WILL BE UNDER 120°C MIN. 200 µm COAL TAR-EPOXY SHALL BE
APPLIED.
NOTE 2) FOR SOIL ENVIRONMENT (BURIED PIPING AND STRUCTURES) SEE NIOEC-SP-50-17.

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PAINT SYSTEM (CONT’D)

DFT
PAINT SYSTEM (DRY FILM THICKNESS)
TEMP. IN MICRON
SERVICE RANGE
SURFACE INTERMEDIATE
PRIMER COAT FINISH COAT PC IC FC TOTAL
PREPRATION COAT

CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS

(INTERNAL PAINTING)

COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

1) BOTTOM PLATES SA 2,1/2 150 150 150 450
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

2) SHELL PLATES

COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

2.1) BOTTOM COURSE SA 2, 1/2 150 150 150 450
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

2.2) TOP COURSE (1500 mm)

COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 150 150 150 450
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190
ZINC-RICH EPOXY TWO-PACK
II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 EPOXY POLYAMIDE POLYURETHANE 75 150 50 275
IPS-M-TP-205 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-235

2.3) REST OF SHELL SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

3) INSIDE ROOF
COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY
I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 150 150 150 450
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

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PAINT SYSTEM (CONT’D)

DFT
PAINT SYSTEM (DRY FILM THICKNESS)
TEMP. IN MICRON
SERVICE RANGE
SURFACE INTERMEDIATE
PRIMER COAT FINISH COAT PC IC FC TOTAL
PREPRATION COAT

REFORMATE, HCG, OLEFIN

GASOLINE, REGULAR GASOLINE
(INTERNAL PAINTING)

EPOXY EPOXY EPOXY

1) BOTTOM PLATES SA 2,1/2 POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE 100 100 100 300
IPS-M-TP-215 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-225

2) SHELL PLATES

EPOXY EPOXY EPOXY

2.1) BOTTOM COURSE SA 2, 1/2 POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE 100 100 100 300
IPS-M-TP-215 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-225
2.2) TOP COURSE (1500 mm)

EPOXY EPOXY EPOXY

I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE 100 100 100 300
IPS-M-TP-215 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-225
ZINC-RICH EPOXY TWO-PACK
II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 EPOXY POLYAMIDE POLYURETHANE 75 150 50 275
IPS-M-TP-205 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-235

2.3) REST OF SHELL SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

3) INSIDE ROOF
EPOXY EPOXY EPOXY
I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE POLYAMIDE 100 100 100 300
IPS-M-TP-215 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-225
II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

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PAINT SYSTEM (CONT’D)

DFT
PAINT SYSTEM (DRY FILM THICKNESS)
TEMP. IN MICRON
SERVICE RANGE
SURFACE INTERMEDIATE
PRIMER COAT FINISH COAT PC IC FC TOTAL
PREPRATION COAT

CONDENSATE, NAPHTA, JET

FUEL, KEROSENE, DIESEL
(INTERNAL PAINTING)

PHENOLIC
1) BOTTOM PLATES SA 2,1/2 PHENOLIC EPOXY PHENOLIC EPOXY 150 150 150 450
EPOXY

2) SHELL PLATES

PHENOLIC
2.1) BOTTOM COURSE SA 2, 1/2 PHENOLIC EPOXY PHENOLIC EPOXY 150 150 150 450
EPOXY

2.2) TOP COURSE (1500 mm)

PHENOLIC
I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 PHENOLIC EPOXY PHENOLIC EPOXY 150 150 150 450
EPOXY

ZINC-RICH EPOXY TWO-PACK

II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 EPOXY POLYAMIDE POLYURETHANE 75 150 50 275
IPS-M-TP-205 IPS-M-TP-220 IPS-M-TP-235

2.3) REST OF SHELL SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

3) INSIDE ROOF

I) FIXED ROOF TANKS SA 2, 1/2 PHENOLIC EPOXY PHENOLIC EPOXY PHENOLIC EPOXY 150 150 150 450

II) FLOATING ROOF TANKS SHOP PRIMED ONLY (NO TREATMENT AT SITE)

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 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

PAINT SYSTEM (CONT’D)

DFT
PAINT SYSTEM (DRY FILM THICKNESS)
TEMP. IN MICRON
SERVICE RANGE
SURFACE INTERMEDIATE
PRIMER COAT FINISH COAT PC IC FC TOTAL
PREPRATION COAT

INDUSTRIAL WATER TANK,

BALAST WATER, SLOPE &
DEMINERALLIZED WATER
(INTERNAL PAINTING)

COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

1) BOTTOM PLATES SA 2,1/2 150 150 300
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

2) SHELL PLATES SA 2, 1/2 150 150 300
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

3) INSIDE ROOF COAL TAR EPOXY COAL TAR EPOXY

SA 2, 1/2 150 150 300
IPS-M-TP-190 IPS-M-TP-190

NOTE ) FOR INTERNAL PAINTING OF DRINKING WATER TANKS EPOXY POLYAMINE (IPS-M-TP-226) AS PRIMER AND INTERMEDIATE AND EPOXY POLYAMIDE (IPS-M-TP-
225) AS FINISH COAT EACH COAT 125 µm (TOTAL 375 µm) SHALL BE APPLIED.

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 JULY, 2005 NIOEC-SP-80-02(0)

APPENDIX B
PAINT COLOR SCHEDULE

B.1.1.This Appendix is prepared to define color coding, marking and identification of

equipment, piping, vessels and structural steel.

B.1.2.Colours and letters are used to identify the service of insulated and uninsulated
piping and equipments.
The style and extent of colour coding shall be according to the following.
For piping, lines shall be labeled by identification bands colour.
Bands shall be located on one side of each valve and every 50m. of pipe run.
All equipment shall be identified with labels, label shall consist of item number.

B.2.PREPARATION OF SURFACES

B.2.1.The color coding, marking and identification paint shall be applied to dry, clean,
adequately prepared surfaces, under favorable conditions, and in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.

B.2.2.Surfaces shall be free of oil, grease, dirt and other surface contaminants which
would otherwise be detrimental to the adhesion of the paint used for color coding
and marking.

B.2.3.All surfaces to receive paint shall be thoroughly washed with solvent and wiped dry
with clean rags.

B.2.4.Bare and rusted steel shall be cleaned by hand or power wire brushing, sanding,
chipping, scraping or any combination of these methods in accordance with the steel
structures painting council specifications SSPC-SP-2 or SSPC-SP-3.

B.3.COLOUR CODING

B.3.1.Finish Colour

This requirement shall not apply to galvanized equipment or stainless steels,

aluminium or other non-ferrous metals.

B.3.1.1.Steel structures

Steel structures shall have the following colours:

- Main steel structures and piperacks Brown beige RAL 1011

- Piping supports Light beige RAL 1001

or Aluminium RAL 9006

- Handrails (excluding toe plate and midrail) Black RAL 9005

-Handrails (toe plate and midrail) Orange RAL 2003

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- Stair way (excluding toe plate and midrail) Black RAL 9005

- Stair way (toe plate and midrail) Orange RAL 2003

- Safety gates Orange RAL 2003

- Platforms lower edges and toe plates,

midrails and safety platforms Orange RAL 2003

- Upper ladders and round platforms and top rails Black RAL 9005

NOTE: Structural steel, platform ladders, handrail etc. including pipe supports
shall be color finished in accordance with the reference drawings
attached to this Appendix.

B.3.1.2.Various equipment

Vessel and similar equipment shall have the following colours:

- Vessels up to 148ºC Light ivory RAL 1015

- Vessels over 148ºC Aluminium RAL 9006

- Exchangers and air cooler header boxed

up to 148ºC White RAL 9010

- Exchangers and air cooler header boxes

over 148ºC Aluminium RAL 9006

- Tanks:(Conform to Employer)

AV-gas,MO-gas,Naphta,Pentane White RAL 9010

Kerosene White RAL 9010
Gas oil Light ivory RAL 1015
Diesel Light ivory RAL 1015
Fuel oil,Crude oil Brown beige RAL 1011
Water Aluminium RAL 9006

- Ducts Aluminium RAL 9006

- Furnaces/boiler
W.H. boiler radiant and convection Aluminium RAL 9006

- Steam turbine generator Manufacturer standard

- Gas turbine generator Manufacturer standard

- Ejectors Same as piping

- Flame arrestors Same as piping

- Forced draft fans Manufacturer standard

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- Cooling tower fans Manufacturer standard

- Mono rail/hoist Same as crane

- Strainers Same as piping

- Silencers Same as equipment

- Tank mixers Manufacturer standard

B.3.1.3.Machinery

Machinery shall have the following colours:

- Pumps, compressors and drivers Manufacturer standard

B.3.1.4.Electrical & Instrument Equipment

- Conduit and Fittings Manufacturer standard

- Switches, starters, etc. Manufacturer standard

- Fuse boxes, electric distribution boards,

motor switches, electric cable metallic joints Blue RAL 5010

- Control panels Manufacturer standard

B.3.1.5.Piping

Piping shall have the following colours:

- Piping up to 93ºC Light ivory RAL 1015

- Piping over 93ºC Aluminium RAL 9006

- Firewater,Foam line Red RAL 3000

-Dangerous, chemicals and gases Yellow RAL 1006

(e.g. Caustic soda, H2SO4)

B.4.Marking by Lettering and colour Bands

B.4.1.The paint shall be applied in adequate coats to readily identify the applicable color.

B.4.1.1To alleviate color bleed through when using primary and secondary color striping, it
may be necessary to use templates in applying each color. Templates should be
designed in such a manner that one color will not be applied over another color.

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B.4.1.2.Piping spools shall be color coded as follows:

A 6” wide color band shall be applied around the circumference of the pipe. The
color band shall be a solid primary color or primary color with secondary
color as designated in the following schedule. Unless otherwise agreed,
colour bands shall be arranged at significant points for plant operation (e.g.
where pipes start and end or at branches or at valves).

- Finish colour: see B.3.1.5 colours

- Primary colour: Band, 150 mm wide

- Process piping White RAL 9010

- Service piping Green RAL 6010

- Secondary colour: Band, 50 mm wide

- Liquid Hydrocarbons DK Brown RAL 8014

- Gaseous Hydrocarbons DK Beige RAL 1011

- Hydrogen Orange RAL 2003

- Asphalt Black RAL 9005

- Amine Yellow RAL 1006

- Sulphur Green RAL 6010

- Caustic and acid -- --

- Inert gas and air Orange RAL 2003

- Steam White RAL 9010

- Water DK Brown RAL 8014

- Drinking water Blue RAL 5010

B.4.1.3.Equipment shall be additionally marked with lettering (e.g. vessel No.). Style
and extent of these markings are indicated herebelow.
Lettering for equipment shall be placed once on each item of equipment at a
clearly visible location. The letters should have the following height:

- for equipment with dimensions of ≤ 1 m to 5 m : 80 mm

- for equipment with dimensions of > 5 m to 15 m : 300 mm

- for equipment with dimensions of > 15 m to 50 m : 600 mm

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- for equipment with dimensions of > 50 : 900 mm

The blank space between the letters should be 10% of the letter height. The
type of letters shall be determined on size. The color of letters shall be blank
color RAL 9005.

Lettering for tanks shall be placed at a height of approx 4/5 of the shell height.
Lettering for horizontal vessels and spherical vessels, shall be placed at the
height of the centerline.

B.5.IDENTIFICATION COLORS DETAILS

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