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17-10 Administrative Distance

Here are the key steps to configure floating static routes in this lab topology: 1. Configure OSPF routing between all routers so they learn routes to each other and to networks behind each other. Verify routes are learned via OSPF. 2. On R4, configure a static default route with an AD of 115 to point to R5. This will act as a backup in case the OSPF learned route fails. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.2 115 3. Bring down the link between R3 and R4 to test that R4 uses the static route through R5 as a backup when OSPF route

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89 views13 pages

17-10 Administrative Distance

Here are the key steps to configure floating static routes in this lab topology: 1. Configure OSPF routing between all routers so they learn routes to each other and to networks behind each other. Verify routes are learned via OSPF. 2. On R4, configure a static default route with an AD of 115 to point to R5. This will act as a backup in case the OSPF learned route fails. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.2 115 3. Bring down the link between R3 and R4 to test that R4 uses the static route through R5 as a backup when OSPF route

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richard akpagni
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Metric

A router will typically only learn routes to a particular destination from a


single routing protocol
When multiple routes to a destination are learned through a routing
protocol, the router will install the path or paths with the best (lowest)
metric into the routing table
Different routing protocols use different methods to calculate the metric
Metric

For example in RIP, path A>B>C>D has a hop count of 3, path A>B>D has a
hop count of 2, so A>B>D would be preferred
In OSPF, if path A>B>C>D has a cost of 60, and path A>B>D has a cost of
100, then A>B>C>D would be used
Administrative Distance
If paths to the same destination are received from different routing
protocols, their metrics cannot be compared
For example, a RIP hop count of 5 cannot be compared to an OSPF cost of
60. The comparison would be meaningless because the routing protocols
calculate the metric in completely different ways
The router must use a different method to choose when routes to the
same destination are received from different routing protocols
The Administrative Distance (AD) is used for this
Administrative Distance

The Administrative Distance is a measure of how trusted the routing


protocol is
If routes to the same destination are received via different routing
protocols, the protocol with the best (lowest) AD wins
Default Administrative Distance

Route Source Default AD


Connected Interface 0
Static Route 1
External BGP 20
EIGRP 90
OSPF 110
IS-IS 115
RIP 120
Administrative Distance and Metric

Administrative Distance is used to choose between multiple paths


learned via different routing protocols
Metric is used to choose between multiple paths learned via the same
protocol
The Administrative Distance is considered first to narrow the choice
down to the single best routing protocol
The Metric is then considered to choose the best path or paths which
make it into the routing table
Show ip route
R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override Connected interfaces
Gateway of last resort is not set
have an AD of 0

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 12 subnets, 2 masks


C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 10.1.0.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0
R 10.1.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0

Administrative Distance Metric


Administrative Distance Example

Example: A router receives multiple routes to the 10.10.10.0/24 network


from both OSPF and RIP
When paths to the same destination are received from multiple routing
protocols, the Administrative Distance is considered first
OSPF has a better AD than RIP so the RIP routes will be discarded
Administrative Distance Example

The router will then compare the routes received via OSPF and install the
one with the lowest cost in the routing table
If multiple equal cost paths are received via OSPF they will all be installed
in the routing table and the router will load balance outbound traffic to
the destination between them
Floating Static Routes

If the best path to a destination is lost (for example because a link went
down) it will be removed from the routing table and replaced with the
next best route
We might want to configure a static route as a backup for the route
learned via a routing protocol
A problem is that static routes have a default Administrative Distance of 1
which will always be preferred over routes learned via an IGP
Floating Static Routes – OSPF
We can change the Administrative Distance of a static route to make it
act as the backup (rather than the preferred) route
Floating static route for OSPF example
R4(config)#ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.3.2 115

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps FE1/0


10.0.1.1/24
10.1.1.0/24 10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24
10.1.2.1/24 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1
R4 R3 R2 R1
FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0 FE1/0 FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0
FE2/0
FE2/0 FE3/0 10.0.2.1/24
10.1.3.1/24 10.0.3.1/24
NO OSPF SUPPORT
10 Mbps 10 Mbps
R5
FE2/0 FE3/0
10.1.3.2/24 10.0.3.2/24
Floating Static Routes – Static Routes
Floating static routes can also be used where we are using purely static
routing
ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2
ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.3.2 5

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps FE1/0


10.0.1.1/24
10.1.1.0/24 10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24
10.1.2.1/24 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1
R4 R3 R2 R1
FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0 FE1/0 FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0
FE2/0
FE2/0 FE3/0 10.0.2.1/24
10.1.3.1/24 10.0.3.1/24

10 Mbps 10 Mbps
R5
FE2/0 FE3/0
10.1.3.2/24 10.0.3.2/24
Lab

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps FE1/0


10.0.1.1/24
10.1.1.0/24 10.1.0.0/24 10.0.0.0/24
10.1.2.1/24 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1
R4 R3 R2 R1
FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0 FE1/0 FE1/0 FE0/0 FE0/0
FE2/0
FE2/0 FE3/0 10.0.2.1/24
10.1.3.1/24 10.0.3.1/24

10 Mbps 10 Mbps
R5
FE2/0 FE3/0
10.1.3.2/24 10.0.3.2/24

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