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Lecture #2 PDF

The document describes the 7-layer OSI reference model for network architecture. It details each layer from the physical layer (Layer 1) that transmits raw bits over a physical medium, to the application layer (Layer 7) that supports software applications like file transfers. The layers provide functions like data formatting, error checking, addressing, and establishing communication sessions between applications on different systems.

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55 views

Lecture #2 PDF

The document describes the 7-layer OSI reference model for network architecture. It details each layer from the physical layer (Layer 1) that transmits raw bits over a physical medium, to the application layer (Layer 7) that supports software applications like file transfers. The layers provide functions like data formatting, error checking, addressing, and establishing communication sessions between applications on different systems.

Uploaded by

बृजभूषणशर्मा
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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O S I

R E F E R E N C E
M O D E L

LECTURE #2
OSI Reference Model

• OSI Reference Model -


internationally standardized
network architecture.
• OSI = Open Systems
Interconnection: deals with open
systems, i.e. systems open for
communications with other
systems.
• Model has 7 layers.
7-Layer OSI Model
Layer 7 Application Layer • Layers 1-4 relate to
communications
Layer 6 Presentation Layer
technology.
Layer 5 Session Layer • Layers 5-7 relate to user
applications.
Layer 4 Transport Layer

Layer 3 Network Layer

Layer 2 Data Link Layer

Layer 1 Physical Layer

Communications subnet boundary


Layer 7: Application
Layer
• Level at which applications
access network services.
• Represents services that
directly support software
applications for file transfers,
database access, and
electronic mail etc.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer

• Related to representation of
transmitted data
• Translates different data
representations from the
Application layer into uniform
standard format
• Providing services for secure
efficient data transmission
• e.g. data encryption, and data
compression.
• Allows two applications on different computers
to establish, use, and end a session.
• e.g. file transfer, remote login
• Establishes dialog control
• Regulates which side transmits, plus when
and how long it transmits.

Layer 5: Session • Performs token management and


synchronization.

Layer
Layer 4: Transport Layer

Manages transmission packets Handles error recognition and


recovery.
Repackages long messages when necessary Transport layer at receiving acknowledges
into small packets for transmission packet delivery.
Reassembles packets in correct order to get the Resends missing packets
original message.
Layer 3: Network Layer

Manages addressing/routing of Routing can be:


data within the subnet
Addresses messages and translates logical Based on static tables
addresses and names into physical addresses. determined at start of each session
Determines the route from the source to the Individually determined for each packet,
destination computer reflecting the current network load.
Manages traffic problems, such as switching,
routing, and controlling the congestion of data
packets.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer

Packages raw bits from the Physical layer into frames (logical,
structured packets for data).

It waits for an acknowledgment from the


Provides reliable transmission of receiving computer.
frames Retransmits frames for which
acknowledgement not received
Layer 1: Physical Layer

Transmits bits from one computer to Regulates the transmission of a stream Defines how the cable is attached to the
another of bits over a physical medium. network adapter and what
transmission technique is used to send
data over the cable. Deals with issues
like
The definition of 0 and 1, e.g. how many volts
represents a 1, and how long a bit lasts?
Whether the channel is simplex or duplex?
How many pins a connector has, and what the
function of each pin is?

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