1F1-50 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS

HOT FILM AIR MASS (HFM) SENSOR

YAD1F430

1 Housing 4 Connector
2 Protector Net 5 Hot Film Air Mass Sensor
3 Electronic Housing 6 Measuring Port

The Hot Film Air Mass (HFM) sensor with recognition of flow direction related to pulsating flow is designed for
recording load on Engine Control Module (ECM) by measuring the output voltage proportional to the reference
voltage of the ECM.
Mass Air Flow Sensor
Mass Air Flow (MAF) is a thermal flow meter whose sensor element with its temperature sensors and heating area
is exposed to the MAF to be measured. A heating area located in the center of a thin membrane is controlled to
an over-temperature by a heating resistor and a temperature sensor of this membrane. And the value of over-
temperature depends on the temperature of the in-flowing air.
Two temperature sensors on upstream and downstream of the heating area show the same temperature without
incoming flow. With incoming flow, upstream part is cooled down but downstream temperature retains its temperature
more or less due to the air heated up in the heating area. This temperature difference in quantity and direction
depends on the direction of the incoming flow.
ECM modulates the flow of heating current to maintain the temperature differential between the heated film and
the intake air at a constant level. The amount of heating current required to maintain the temperature thus provides
an index for the MAF. This concept automatically compensates for variations in air density, as this is one of the
factors that determines the amount of warmth that the surrounding air absorbs from the heated element. MAF
sensor is located between the air filter and the throttle valve.

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Under high fuel demands, the MAF sensor reads a high mass flow condition, such as Wide Open Throttle (WOT).
The ECM uses this information to enrich the mixture, thus increasing the fuel injector on-time, to provide the
correct amount of fuel. When decelerating, the mass flow decreases. This mass flow change is sensed by the
MAF sensor and read by the ECM, which then decreases the fuel injector on-time due to the low fuel demand
conditions.
To facilitate the installation of the HFM in the intake passage, lubricating agents may be used. However, when
lubricants are used care must be taken to ensure that they do not enter the flow passage and cannot be sucked
in with the air flow.
The following tables show the relationship between MAF and output voltage.

Mass Air Flow (kg/h) Voltage (V) Mass Air Flow (kg/h) Voltage (V)
0 0.95 ~ 1.05 250 3.51
10 1.28 370 3.93
15 1.41 480 4.23
30 1.71 640 4.56
60 2.16 800 4.82
120 2.76

Intake Air Temperature

The Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor is a part of Hot Film Air Mass (HFM) sensor and is a thermistor, a resistor
which changes value based on the temperature of the air entering the engine. Low temperature produces a high
resistance, while high temperature causes a low resistance as the following table.
The ECM provides 5 volts to the IAT sensor through a resistor in the ECM and measures the change in voltage to
determine the IAT. The voltage will be high when the manifold air is cold and low when the air is hot. The ECM
knows the intake IAT by measuring the voltage.
The IAT sensor is also used to control spark timing when the manifold air is cold.

Temp. (°C) Ω)
R min.(Ω Ω)
R nom. (Ω Ω)
R max. (Ω
-40 35140 39260 43760
-20 12660 13850 15120
0 5119 5499 5829
20 2290 2420 2551
40 1096 1166 1238
60 565 609 654
80 312 340 370
100 184 202 222
120 114 127 141
130 91 102 114

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1F1-52 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS

YAD1F440

Failure
Description Trouble Area Maintenance Hint
Code

03
Intake air temperature IAT sensor short circuit to • Monitoring the actual air temperature
sensor low voltage ground or open through scan tool

04
Intake air temperature IAT sensor short circuit to • Inspection the ECM pin 80, 79 about
sensor high voltage power short circuit or open with bad contact
Intake air temperature Malfunction in recognition of • Inspection the IAT sensor (integrated in
05 sensor plausibility IAT HFM sensor)
When functional problem • Inspection the ECM
Mass air flow sensor Malfunction in recognition of • Monitoring the actual air mass flow
09 plausibility MAF through scan tool
When air mass not plausible • Inspection the ECM pin 81, 105 about
short circuit or open with bad contact
10 Mass air flow sensor MAF sensor short circuit to
low voltage ground or open • Inspection the MAF sensor (integrated 11
in HFM sensor)
Mass air flow sensor MAF sensor short circuit to
11 high voltage power • Inspection the ECM

Circuit Description
The heated element on the MAF is a platinum film resistor (heater). It is located on a ceramic plate together with
the other elements in the bridge circuit. The temperature sensitive resistor (flow sensor) also included in the
bridge. The separation of heater and flow sensor facilitates design of the control circuitry. Saw cuts are employed
to ensure thermal decoupling between the heating element and the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor. The
complete control circuitry is located on a single layer. The voltage at the heater provides the index for the mass
air flow. The MAF’s electronic circuitry then converts the voltage to a level suitable for processing in the ECM.
This device does not need a burn off process to maintain its measuring precision over an extended period. In
recognition of the fact that most deposits collect on the sensor element’s leading edge, the essential thermal
transfer elements are located downstream on the ceramic layer. The sensor element is also design to ensure that
deposits will not influence the flow pattern around the sensor.
The IAT sensor uses a thermistor to control the signal voltage to the ECM. The ECM supplies 5 volt reference and
a ground to the sensor. When the air is cold, the resistance is high; therefore the IAT signal voltage will be high.
If the intake air is warm, resistance is low; therefore the IAT signal voltage will be low.

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Mass Air Flow Sensor Input Voltage Inspection

1. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” position.
2. Measure the signal voltage between the ECM pin
Application Specified Value
Ignition “ON” 0.9 ~ 1.1 V
Engine 1.3 ~ 1.7 V
Status Idling (Coolant temperature
is over 70 °C)

Notice: If the measured value is not within the specified value, the possible cause may be in cable or MAF
sensor in itself. Perform the 5 volt power supply inspection procedures.

Mass Air Flow Sensor 5 volt Power Supply Inspection

1. Turn the ignition switch to “OFF” position.
2. Disconnect the HFM sensor connector.
3. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” position.
4. Measure the voltage between the ECM pin No. 108 and MAF sensor connecter terminal No. 3.
Specified Value 4.7 ~ 5.2 V

Notice: If the measured value is not within the specified value, the possible cause may be in cableor ECM
coupling.

5. Measure the voltage between the ECM pin No. 105 and MAF sensor connecter terminal No. 4.

Specified Value 4.7 ~ 5.2 V

Notice: If the measured value is not within the specified value, the possible cause may be in cableor ECM
coupling.

Mass Air Flow Sensor 12 volt Power Supply Inspection

1. Turn the ignition switch to “OFF” position.
2. Disconnect the HFM sensor connector.
3. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” position.
4. Measure the voltage between the ECM pin No. 105 and MAF sensor connecter terminal No. 2.
Specified Value 11 ~ 14 V

Notice: If the measured value is not within the specified value, the possible cause may be in cable or Over
Voltage Protection Relay (OVPR).

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