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Transformer Cooling Methods

This document discusses different cooling methods for electrical power transformers based on their size and ratings, including dry type methods like air natural and air forced, as well as oil immersed methods like oil natural air natural, oil natural air forced, oil forced air forced, and oil forced water forced.

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511 views6 pages

Transformer Cooling Methods

This document discusses different cooling methods for electrical power transformers based on their size and ratings, including dry type methods like air natural and air forced, as well as oil immersed methods like oil natural air natural, oil natural air forced, oil forced air forced, and oil forced water forced.

Uploaded by

ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer Cooling Methods

University of technology
Electrical Engineer
Second stage

Transformer Cooling Methods

Under the supervision of Dr. Fadhil Abbas

Preparation Ali Khalid Raheem

[0]
Transformer Cooling Methods

Introduction: Transformer Cooling Methods


There are different cooling methods used in electrical power transformer depending upon their size
and ratings. The bigger transformer size we have the more sophisticated cooling method it needs.

Transformer cooling methods can be divided in two types:

1) Dry type transformers.

This method also can be divided in two types:

a) Air natural (AN):

Air natural or self-air cooled transformer is generally used for small ratings transformers up to 3
MVA. Basically, this method uses the natural air flow surrounding the transformer as cooling
medium. Thus, heat will dissipate in air automatically.

b) Air forced (AF):

Air natural method is inadequate to use it for transformers rated higher than 3MVA. Therefore, fans
or blowers are required to force the air towards the core and windings so, hot air is gained cooled
due to the outside natural conventional air.

However, the air forced should be filtered in order to prevent the accumulation of dust particles in
ventilation ducts. This method is useful for transformers rated up to 15MVA. Figure (4.2) shows an
example of forced air cooled transformer.

[1]
Transformer Cooling Methods

2) Oil immersed transformer:

This is the most common cooling method for electrical power transformers. Generally, the
transformer core and windings are immersed in the oil which has a good electrical insulating
property and high thermal conductivity.

This method can be divided into four types regarding to their size and ratings.

a) Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN):

This method of transformer cooling is widely used for oil immersed transformers rated up to
30MVA. The heat which is generated in the winding and core will transferred to the oil in the tank.
Furthermore, we know that hot oil flows upward and the cold oil comes down according to the
principle of convection. Therefore, the heated oil flows in the upward direction and then will goes
via the tubes or radiators. While these tubes or radiators filled with cold oil so, the hot oil which
comes from the upper portion of the radiators will push the cold oil down to the oil tank, and the
heated oil will dissipate in the radiators due to the natural air flow around the transformer. In this
manner, the oil in the transformer tank will keeps circulating because of natural convection and it
will dissipate the heat in atmosphere due to natural conduction. Figure (4.3) shows an example of
oil natural air natural.

b) Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) :

Oil natural air natural is not enough to cool the transformer rated higher than 30

MVA. Thus, the dissipating surface can be improved by applying forced air such as fans. Forced air
gives faster heat dissipation than natural air. In this manner, fans are mounted near to the radiator
surface and it can be provided with an automatic speed arrangement, to control the fans by turn it on

[2]
Transformer Cooling Methods

or to give the fans higher speed to keep the temperature at permissible limit. Generally, oil natural
air forced method is useful for transformers rated up to 60MVA. Figure (4.4) shows an example of
oil natural air forced cooling of transformer.

c) Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF):

For transformers rated higher than 60MVA, oil natural air forced is not adequate to dissipate the
heat properly. Thus, oil circulation needs to be improve in somehow. Therefore, the oil circulation
can be forced through the radiators with the help of a pump, then compressed air is forced to flow
on the radiators with the help of fans. Furthermore, the radiators or heat exchangers can be designed
to be mounted separately from the transformer tank and connected via pipes at top and bottom of the
transformer tank. Generally, oil forced air forced cooling method is provided for high rating
transformers at substations or power stations. Figure (4.5) shows an example of oil forced air forced
cooling method.

d) Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF):

We know that the ambient temperature of the atmosphere air is much higher than the water in same
weather condition. Thus, water can be used for better heat exchanger medium than air. Furthermore,
oil forced water forced cooling system designed to be separately from the transformer tank, the hot
oil forced to flow via the top pipe with the help of pump to the heat exchanger, while the cold water
[3]
Transformer Cooling Methods

forced to flow in the heat exchanger with help of pump too. Note that, oil not mixed with cold water
in the heat exchanger. Moreover, the hot oil dissipates the heat in the cold water which is taken
away to cool again in separate coolers. While the cooled oil which comes out from the heat
exchanger are back again to the transformer through the bottom pipe. Generally, oil forced water
forced cooling system used in very large transformers rated higher than 500MVA. An example of
OFWF shown in figure (4.6).

[4]
Transformer Cooling Methods

References:
1. Mack, James E.; Shoemaker, Thomas (2006).

2. Skilling, Hugh Hildreth (1962). Electromechanics. John Wiley & Sons,

3. Terman, Frederick E. (1955).

4. Hartley, William H. (2003).

[5]

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