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Cooling Methods of Transformer

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44 views3 pages

Cooling Methods of Transformer

Uploaded by

010 Monitha Sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cooling Methods of Transformers

No transformer is truly an 'ideal transformer' and hence each will incur


some losses, most of which get converted into heat. If this heat is not
dissipated properly, the excess temperature in transformer may cause serious
problems like insulation failure. It is obvious that transformer needs a cooling
system.
Transformers can be divided in two types as
(i) Dry type transformers and (ii) oil immersed transformers.

 For dry type transformers


 Air Natural (AN)
 Air Blast
 For oil immersed transformers
 Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN)
 Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)
 Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)
 Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)

Cooling Methods for Dry Type Transformers


Air Natural or Self-Air Cooled Transformer
This method of transformer cooling is generally used in small transformers (upto 3
MVA). In this method the transformer is allowed to cool by natural air flow
surrounding it.

Air Blast
For transformers rated more than 3 MVA, cooling by natural air method is
inadequate. In this method, air is forced on the core and windings with the help of
fans or blowers. The air supply must be filtered to prevent the accumulation of dust
particles in ventilation ducts. This method can be used for transformers up to 15
MVA.

Cooling Methods for Oil Immersed Transformers


Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN)
This method is used for oil immersed transformers. In this method, the heat
generated in the core and winding is transferred to the oil. According to the principle
of convection, the heated oil flows in the upward direction and then in the radiator.
The vacant place is filled up by cooled oil from the radiator. The heat from the oil will
dissipate in the atmosphere due to the natural air flow around the transformer. In
this way, the oil in transformer keeps circulating due to natural convection and
dissipating heat in atmosphere due to natural conduction. This method can be used
for transformers up to about 30 MVA.
Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)
The heat dissipation can be improved further by applying forced air on the
dissipating surface. Forced air provides faster heat dissipation than natural
air flow. In this method, fans are mounted near the radiator and may be
provided with an automatic starting arrangement, which turns on when
temperature increases beyond certain value. This transformer cooling method
is generally used for large transformers up to about 60 MVA.

Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)


In this method, oil is circulated with the help of a pump. The oil circulation is forced
through the heat exchangers. Then compressed air is forced to flow on the heat
exchanger with the help of fans. The heat exchangers may be mounted separately
from the transformer tank and connected through pipes at top and bottom as shown
in the figure. This type of cooling is provided for higher rating transformers at
substations or power stations.
Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)
This method is similar to OFAF method, but here forced water flow is used to
dissipate hear from the heat exchangers. The oil is forced to flow through the heat
exchanger with the help of a pump, where the heat is dissipated in the water which
is also forced to flow. The heated water is taken away to cool in separate coolers. This
type of cooling is used in very large transformers having rating of several hundred
MVA.

ODAF Cooling of Transformer


ODAF or oil directed air forced cooling of transformer can be considered as the
improved version of OFAF. Here forced circulation of oil directed to flow through
predetermined paths in transformer winding. The cool oil entering the transformer
tank from cooler or radiator is passed through the winding where gaps for oil flow or
pre-decided oil flowing paths between insulated conductors are provided for ensuring
faster rate of heat transfer. ODAF or oil directed air forced cooling of transformer is
generally used in very high rating transformer.

ODWF Cooling of Transformer


ODAF or oil directed water forced cooling of transformer is just like ODAF only
difference is that here the hot oil is cooled in cooler by means of forced water instead
of air. Both of these transformer cooling methods are called forced directed oil cooling
of transformer.

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