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Basics and Overview of Flip Flops-Revised

Flip flops are electronic circuits that store binary data in one of two stable states and can change states by applying varying inputs. They are fundamental building blocks used in computers, communications, and other digital systems to store data. The main difference between a latch and a flip flop is that a flip flop is clocked, meaning the stored data only changes on a clock signal, while a latch can change asynchronously. There are four main types of flip flops - SR, JK, D, and T - each with different input conditions that determine state changes. Flip flops have important applications as counters, frequency dividers, shift registers, and storage registers in digital electronics.

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146 views6 pages

Basics and Overview of Flip Flops-Revised

Flip flops are electronic circuits that store binary data in one of two stable states and can change states by applying varying inputs. They are fundamental building blocks used in computers, communications, and other digital systems to store data. The main difference between a latch and a flip flop is that a flip flop is clocked, meaning the stored data only changes on a clock signal, while a latch can change asynchronously. There are four main types of flip flops - SR, JK, D, and T - each with different input conditions that determine state changes. Flip flops have important applications as counters, frequency dividers, shift registers, and storage registers in digital electronics.

Uploaded by

atul211988
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics and Overview of Flip Flops

A flip flop is an electronic circuit with two stable states that can be used to
store binary data. The stored data can be changed by applying varying
inputs. Flip-flops and latches are fundamental building blocks of digital
electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other
types of systems. Flip-flops and latches are used as data storage elements. It
is the basic storage element in sequential logic. But first let’s clarify the
difference between a latch and a flip flop.

Flip flop v/s Latch


The basic difference between a latch and a flip-flop is a gating or clocking
mechanism. For example, let us talk about SR latch and SR flip-flops. In this
circuit when you Set S as active the output Q would be high and Q’ will be
low. This is irrespective of anything else. (This is an active low circuit so active
here means low, but for an active high circuit active would mean high)

A flip flop on the other hand is synchronous and is also known as gated or


clocked SR latch.
In this circuit, the output is changed (i.e. the stored data is changed) only
when you give an active clock signal. Otherwise, even if the S or R is active the
data will not change. Let’s look at the types of flip flops to understand better.

SR Flip Flop

There are majorly 4 types of flip flops, with the most common one being SR
flip flop. As shown above, it is the simplest and the easiest to understand.
The two outputs as shown above are the inverse of each other. The outputs
of a SR flip flop are highlighted in the table below.

S R Q Q’

0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 ∞ ∞
JK Flip-flop

Due to the undefined state in the SR flip flop, another is required in


electronics. The JK flip flop is a improvement on the SR flip flop where S=R=1
is not a problem.

The input condition of J=K=1, gives an output inverting the output state.
However, the outputs are same when one tests the circuit practically.

J K Q Q’

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0
D Flip Flop

D flip flop is a better alternative that is very popular with digital electronics.
They are commonly used for counters and shift-registers and input
synchronisation.

In a D flip flop, the output can be only changed at the clock edge, and if the
input changes at other times, the output will be unaffected.

Clock D Q Q’

↓»0 0 0 1

↑»1 0 0 1

↓»0 1 0 1

↑»1 1 1 0

The change of state of the output is dependent on the rising edge of the
clock. The output (Q) is same as the input and can only change at the rising
edge of the clock.
T Flip Flop
A T flip flops is like JK flip-flop. These are basically single input version of JK
flip flops. This modified form of JK flip-flop is obtained by connecting both
inputs J and K together. This flip-flop has only one input along with the clock
input.

These flip-flops are called T flip-flops because of their ability to complement


its state (i.e.) Toggle, hence the name Toggle flip-flop.

T Q Q (t+1)

0 0 0

1 1 1

0 1 1

1 1 0
Applications of Flip-Flops
These are the various types of flip-flops being used in digital electronic
circuits and the applications of Flip-flops are as specified below.

 Counters
 Frequency Dividers
 Shift Registers
 Storage Registers

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