Chapter – 2

Boring Machine
 Boring Machine
• To bore the holes in large and heavy parts.
• The machine will allow to do the following operation:
Drilling, Milling and facing.
• By using simple attachments, the use of machine extended to
screw cutting, turning, planetary grinding or gear cutting.
• The boring machine is one of the versatile machine tool used
to enlarge already drilled hole.
• Boring operation can be performed on lathe as that of turning
where tool is stationary and work piece is rotating.
• But in case of boring tool is rotating and work piece is
stationary which arrangement is not possible on lathe machine.
• Boring machines can be classified based on position of boring
tools, accuracy of work required etc.
 Boring
• Difference between boring and turning:
◦ Boring is performed on the inside diameter of an
existing hole
◦ Turning is performed on the outside diameter of
an existing cylinder
• In effect, boring is an internal turning operation
• Boring machines
◦ Horizontal or vertical - refers to the orientation
of the axis of rotation of machine spindle
 Boring machines

1. Horizontal 2. Vertical 3. Precision (Jig)

Boring Boring Boring
Machine Machine Machine
(HBM) (VBM) (PBM)
 • Heavy, Irregular,
Types of Boring Machine Unsymmetrical Parts
• Boring, reaming,
turning, Facing,
1. Horizontal boring machine Milling, Grooving
a. table type
b. Floor Type
c. Planner type • Typical Parts, Heavy and large sized
work pieces
d. Multiple Head types • Large gear blanks, locomotive and
rolling stocks, steam and water turbine
2. Vertical Boring machine castings, fly wheels and circular parts
a. vertical turret lathe
b. b. standard vertical boring machine • Accurate precision and
fine surface finish
3. Precision boring machine
4. Jig Boring machine • Most Accurate,
a. vertical milling m/c type 0.0025mm
• Jig, Fixtures, tools and
b. Planner type. precision parts
 [1] HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE
• Horizontal boring
machine contains the
the majority of boring
machines used in mass
production.
• Here boring tool is
rotating while the
workpiece is stationary.
• Work piece is mounted
on the table which can
be moved with the help
of cross-slide and
saddle.
Block diagram of horizontal boring machine
 Horizontal Boring Machine
2

3 6 7
1 5
4
8

11
10
9
 • Important features of the horizontal boring
machines are as following.

(1) Head Stock

(2) Column
(3) Runway
(4) End Support
(5) Table
(6) Saddle
 (1) HEAD STOCK

• It is the most important part of a boring machine.

• It contains spindles.
• It supports, drives and feeds the boring tool.
• The spindle rotation is reversible for backing out
tools.
• Boring tool is held in boring head which will be
held in head stock.
 (2) COLUMN

• Column supports head stock and tail stock.

It guides up and down movement by means of ways.
• It is hollow and heavily constructed.
• To balance head stock and make it easy to move.
• Columns are keyed, dowelled and bolted to the base
of the machine.
 (3) RUNWAYS

• Definition:

When ever the column is traversing the
base used is known as runway.
• Main function of runways are to carry the main
column, end support column and rotary table if any.
 (4) END SUPPORT COLUMN

• Definition:

An out-board bearing is required to
support the other end of the bar is known as end END
SUPPORT COLUMN.
• End support column is necessary in case of long
boring and heavy tools are used.
• There is an opened and closed type of end support.
 (5) TABLE

• Main function of the table is to support for

holding the workpiece rigidly during the
operation.

• Table is equipped with suitable ranges of feeds

as well as quick reverse mechanism.

• Table moves perpendicular to the axis of the

spindle.
 (6) SADDLE

• The main function of saddle is to provide a

compound movement of the table.
• This helps the table to move axially as well as
transversly to the spindle.
 Parts of horizontal Boring machine
Bed Supports all parts of machine

Headstock supporting column

Guides up and down motion to the headstock

provided with bearing block to support long

End supporting column boring bar.

spindle gives rotary motion to tool and quill i.e. sleeve which gives Headstock
feed motion to tool. For simultaneous performance of headstock
and end supporting bearing block.

saddle permits the work to move in both

Saddle And table direction longitudinal as well as crosswise

Boring Bars
Support the cutters for the boring operation
 APPLICATIONS OF HBM

1. Horizontal boring machine can be used to drill, bore

ream holes.
2. These are widely used in batch production where
workpiece is less.
3. These machine can also be used for machining type
parts like gear boxes and engine blocks.
• The Work is supported on table which is stationary and tool
revolves in horizontal axis.
• Table type boring machine:
• Feed by Hand or power operated.
• Table, saddle and headstock adjustment by using micrometer dials.
• General purpose

End Supporting Headstock

column Column

Headstock
Spindle

Table
Column
Motor
Saddle

Bed
• T- slots on floor plate to
clamp the w/p.
• Cross-feed is provided
by spindle
itself not by the work
• It is used for large and
heavy work pieces
which is difficult mount
on table
• Table slides directly on the table at right angle to to the spindle similar to planner.
• Headstock and column are adjusted towards the table
• For supporting a long work
• Double housing planner or Plano-miller.
• Two columns are bridged by cross-rail.
• It can be applicable for the machining operations of different work surfaces.
• Used for both H and V machining.
 VERTICAL BORING MACHINE
(VBM)

• Schemating diagram of
vertical boring machine
is shown in figure.
• VBM will be used in
case of length of the
workpiece is less then
the diameter.
A vertical boring machine–for large, heavy work parts
Block diagram of vertical boring
machine
Parts of Vertical Boring machine
Bed Supports all parts of machine, hollow circular casting

Table
With T Slots to Clamp the w/p

Two housing from lower to higher level, to ensure

Housing rigidity of the m/c, Housings are joined by cross
member.

Vertical front face of the crossrail is accurately finished for Holding Crossrail
and sliding the saddle of the tool head

Made for to generate flat horizontal s/f by the

Tool head assembly tool, and to generate to cylindrical s/f and taper
s/f
 Continued…………….
• Here the cutting tool is stationary and mounted
in the tool head.
• Tool head can be moved linearly or upward
and downward motion to reach near to the
work piece.
• The work piece is mounted on the table which
is rotating.
• Two columns are used to have rigid support to
the tool head.
 APPLICATION OF VBM

• Vertical boring machine is used to machine

inside and outside diameter.
• VBM can also be used in for facing large size
workpiece.
• Different products are turbine casting, pressure
vessels, tables for machine tools, gear blank
etc. are machined on vertical boring machine.
 PRECISION(JIG) BORING MACHINE
(PBM)
• Rigid in construction and low
thermal expansion and precision
work
• It is most accurate of all machine
tools
• Use of jigs, fixtures, and tools
and other precision parts which
required for the high accuracy of
holes
• Accuracy in the range of
0.0025mm
• Invar material is used that will
having low coefficient of thermal
expansion.
• The operation will perform in
temperature control rooms.
 Jig Boring Machines
• Vertical machines
– High precision bearings
– Used to make jigs and
fixtures
– Being replaced by CNC
boring machines
PRECISION(JIG) BORING MACHINE (PBM)
• Precision or Jig boring machine is used in high accuracy
toolroom application.
• Different machine components include jigs, fixtures, gauges
etc.
• Because of their high precision category they can also be
used in precision co-ordinate measuring machines.
• Here the spindle bearing and spindle are constructed with
very high accuracy.
• The table is mounted on cross-slide and saddle for
compound movement of the workpiece.
 The table can be moved precisely in two mutually
perpendicular directions in a plan perpendicular to the
spindle axis.
 Here tolerance upto 0.002mm can me maintained.
 These machines are costlier.
 Hence used only in big machine shops, where accuracy is
required.
 These machines are also available with numerical control
system.
 These machines are provided with various accessories.
 Boring Operations

• Work remains stationary and

tool is rotating
• Boring bars are used
• Continuous boring operation
can be done by adjusting the
work piece
• Milling cutter will fit t
the spindle for milling
operation
• For flat vertical
surfaces
• tool or w/p is fed to
complete the cut
• End mills for grooves
and slots
 Operations performed on boring machine
• Machining flat surfaces
• Turning cylindrical surfaces
• Boring by tool head
• Boring by boring bar
• Cutting of and necking operation
• Forming operation
• Taper boring operation
• Taper turning operation
 Boring bar
• Supported by spindle
• Supported by spindle and end column
• Supported by the work piece
• Method of attaching cutters on boring
• Boring bar supported by boring fixture
• Fly cutter
• Boring head or cutter head
• Facing head
 Boring Operation

Horizontal Boring Machining Vertical Boring Machining

 Horizontal Boring Machine Operations
End Supporting
Work Column
Boring
Spindle Bar

Table
Boring Bar
Supported by
work

Boring Bar
Supported By
fixture
Vertical Boring Operations

Turning Flat
Surface

Turning Cylindrical
surface

Taper Boring Taper turning

Operation operation
Boring by boring bar Boring by tool head

Forming Operation Cutting of an necking operation

Thank you…