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Sheet 02 - Air Standard Power Cycles

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20 views2 pages

Sheet 02 - Air Standard Power Cycles

Uploaded by

Hoda Adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics II

Mechanical
Engineering
nd
2 Year – 1st Term

Sheet#02 Air Standard Power Cycles

1. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning


of the compression process, air is at 95 kPa and 27 o C, and 750 kJ / kg of heat is
transferred to air during the constant volume heat addition process. Determine (a) the
pressure and temperature at the end of the heat addition process, (b) the network output,
(c) the thermal efficiency, and (d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle. Answers:
(a) 3898, 1 kPa, 1538 K, (b) 392 kJ/kg, (c) 52%, (d) 495 kPa
2. A four-cylinder spark–ignition engine has a compression ratio of 8, and each
cylinder has a maximum volume of 0.6 L. At the beginning of the compression process,
the air is at 98 kPa and 17 o C. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 1800 K.
Assuming the engine operates on the ideal Otto cycle, determine (a) the amount of heat
supplied per cylinder, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the number of revolutions per
minute required for a net power output of 80 kW.
3. The compression ratio of an air–standard Otto cycle is 9.5. Before the isentropic
compression process, the air is 100 kPa, 17 o C, and 600 cm3. The temperature at the end
of the isentropic expansion process is 800 K Determine (a) the highest temperature and
pressure in the cycle, (b) the amount of heat added in kJ, (c) the thermal efficiency, and
(d) the mean effective pressure. Ans:(a) 1987 K, 649 kPa, (b) 0.65 kJ/kg, (c) 59%, (d)
719 kPa
4. An air–standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18.2 Air is at 27 o C and
0.1 MPa at the beginning of the compression process and 2000 K at the end of the heat
addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heat with temperature,
determine (a) the cutoff ratio (b) the specific heat rejection, and (c) the thermal efficiency.
5. An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working
fluid. The state of the air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20 o
C. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200 K, determine (a) the
thermal efficiency and (b) the mean effective pressure. Assume constant heat for air at
room temperature. Answers: (a) 63.5 percent (b) 933 kPa.
6. An ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 17 and a cutoff ratio of 1.3.
Determine the maximum temperature of the air and the rate of heat in addition to this
cycle when it produces 140 kW of power and the state of the air at the beginning of the
compression is 90 kPa and 57 C. Use constant specific heats at room temperature.
7. An air-standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and a cutoff ratio 1.2. The
pressure ratio during the constant-volume heat addition process is 1.5. Determine the
thermal efficiency, amount of heat added, maximum gas pressure, and temperature when
this cycle is operated at 80 kPa and 20 C at the beginning of the compression. Use
constant specific heat at room temperature.
Thermodynamics II
Mechanical
Engineering
nd
2 Year – 1st Term

8. An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 12 and uses air as the working fluid.
At the beginning of the compression process, the air is 100 kPa and 30 o C and occupies
a volume of 1.2 L. During the heat addition process, 0.3 kJ of heat is transferred to air at
constant volume and 1.1 kJ at constant pressure. Determine the thermal efficiency of the
cycle.
9. The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is 14. Air is at 100 kPa and 300 K at
the beginning of the compression process and at 2200 K at the end of the heat addition
process. Heat transfer to air takes place partly at constant volume and partly at constant
pressure, and it amounts to 1520.4 kJ/kg. Determine (a) the fraction of heat transferred
at constant volume and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
10. A simple Brayton cycle using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 8. The
minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1160 K. Assuming an
adiabatic efficiency of 75 percent for the compressor and 82 percent for the turbine,
determine (a) the air temperature at the turbine exit, (b) the network output, and (c) the
thermal efficiency.
11. Air enters the compressor of a gas–turbine engine at 300 K and 100 kPa, where it
is compressed to 700 kPa and 580 K. Heat is transferred to air in the amount of 950 kJ/kg
before it enters the turbine. For a turbine to efficiency of 86 percent, determine (a) the
fraction of the turbine work output used to drive the compressor and (b) the thermal
efficiency. Answers: (a) 64.7 percent, (b) 16.4 percent.
12. A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle with air as the
working fluid and delivers 15 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperatures
in the cycle are 310 and 900 K and the pressure of air at the compressor exit is 8 times
the value at the compressor inlet. Assuming an adiabatic efficiency of 80 percent for the
compressor and 86 percent for the turbine, determine the mass flow rate of air through
the cycle.
13. A Brayton cycle with regeneration using air as the working fluid has a pressure
ratio of 8.0. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1150 K.
Assuming an adiabatic efficiency of 75 percent for the compressor and 82 percent for the
turbine and an effectiveness of 65 percent for the regenerator; determine (a) the air
temperature at the turbine exit, (b) the network output, and (c) the thermal efficiency.
Answers: (a) 763.07 K (b) 101.64 kJ/kg, (c) 21.0 percent.
14. Air enters the compressor of a regenerative gas–turbine engine at 300 k and 100
kPa where it is compressed to 800 kPa and 580 K The regenerator has an effectiveness
of 65 percent, and the air enters the turbine at 1200 K For a turbine efficiency of 86
percent, determine (a) the amount of heat transfer in the regenerator and (b) the thermal
efficiency. Answers: (a) 137.7 kJ/kg (b) 35.0 percent.

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