Formulario de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral (Página 1 de 2) Jesús Rubí M.

Formulario de ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a 2 − ab + b2 ) = a3 + b3 θ sen cos tg ctg sec csc

Gráfica 4. Las funciones trigonométricas inversas
arcctg x , arcsec x , arccsc x : sen α + sen β
1 1
= 2sen (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β )
( a + b ) ⋅ ( a3 − a 2 b + ab2 − b3 ) = a 4 − b4 0 0 ∞ ∞ 0 2 2
Cálculo Diferencial
1 1
1 1
30 12 3 2 3 2 sen α − sen β = 2 sen (α − β ) ⋅ cos (α + β )
4
3 2 1 3
( a + b ) ⋅ ( a 4 − a3b + a 2 b2 − ab3 + b4 ) = a5 + b5
e Integral VER.4.9 45 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 3
2 2
( a + b ) ⋅ ( a5 − a 4 b + a3b2 − a 2 b3 + ab4 − b5 ) = a 6 − b6
1 1
60 3 2 12 3 1 3 2 2 3 cos α + cos β = 2 cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β )
Jesús Rubí Miranda (jesusrubim@yahoo.com) 2 2 2
90 1 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 1
http://www.geocities.com/calculusjrm/ ⎛ n ⎞ cos α − cos β
1 1
= −2sen (α + β ) ⋅ sen (α − β )
( a + b ) ⋅ ⎜ ∑ ( −1) a n− k b k −1 ⎟ = a n + b n ∀ n ∈
k +1
impar ⎡ π π⎤ 1

⎝ k =1 ⎠ y = ∠ sen x y ∈ ⎢− , ⎥ 2 2
⎣ 2 2⎦
sen (α ± β )
0

⎛ n
⎞
( a + b ) ⋅ ⎜ ∑ ( −1) y ∈ [ 0, π ]
k +1
VALOR ABSOLUTO a n − k b k −1 ⎟ = a n − b n ∀ n ∈ par y = ∠ cos x tg α ± tg β =
⎝ k =1 ⎠
-1
cos α ⋅ cos β
⎧a si a ≥ 0
arc ctg x

a =⎨ π π arc sec x

SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS y = ∠ tg x y∈ − , arc csc x

⎩− a si a < 0
1
⎡sen (α − β ) + sen (α + β ) ⎦⎤
-2
2 2 -5 0 5
sen α ⋅ cos β =
n
2⎣
a = −a a1 + a2 + + an = ∑ ak 1 IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS
y = ∠ ctg x = ∠ tg y ∈ 0, π 1
a ≤ a y −a≤ a
k =1
x sen θ + cos2 θ = 1
2
sen α ⋅ sen β = ⎣⎡cos (α − β ) − cos (α + β ) ⎦⎤
n 2
a ≥0y a =0 ⇔ a=0 ∑ c = nc y = ∠ sec x = ∠ cos
1
y ∈ [ 0, π ] 1 + ctg 2 θ = csc2 θ 1
k =1 x cos α ⋅ cos β = ⎣⎡cos (α − β ) + cos (α + β ) ⎦⎤
n n n n
⎡ π π⎤ tg 2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ 2
ab = a b ó ∏a k = ∏ ak ∑ ca k = c ∑ ak y = ∠ csc x = ∠ sen
1
y ∈ ⎢− , ⎥ tg α + tg β
k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1 x ⎣ 2 2⎦ sen ( −θ ) = − sen θ tg α ⋅ tg β =
n n n n n ctg α + ctg β
a+b ≤ a + b ó ∑a k ≤ ∑ ak ∑(a
k =1
k + bk ) = ∑ ak + ∑ bk
k =1 k =1
Gráfica 1. Las funciones trigonométricas: sen x , cos ( −θ ) = cosθ FUNCIONES HIPERBÓLICAS
k =1 k =1 cos x , tg x :
n tg ( −θ ) = − tg θ e x − e− x
EXPONENTES
∑(a − ak −1 ) = an − a0 senh x =
sen (θ + 2π ) = sen θ
k 2
p+q 2
a ⋅a = a
p q k =1
1.5
e x + e− x
n
n cos (θ + 2π ) = cosθ cosh x =
ap
= a p−q ∑ ⎣⎡ a + ( k − 1) d ⎦⎤ = 2 ⎣⎡ 2a + ( n − 1) d ⎦⎤ 1
2
aq k =1 0.5 tg (θ + 2π ) = tg θ senh x e x − e − x
(a ) p q
= a pq n
(a + l )
= 0 sen (θ + π ) = − sen θ
tgh x = =
cosh x e x + e − x
2
(a ⋅ b)
p
= ap ⋅bp
-0.5
cos (θ + π ) = − cosθ 1 e x + e− x
n
1 − r n a − rl ctgh x = =
p ∑ ar k −1
=a
1− r
=
1− r
-1
tg (θ + π ) = tg θ tgh x e x − e − x
⎛a⎞
p
a k =1
⎜ ⎟ = p
sen x
-1.5
1 2
sen (θ + nπ ) = ( −1) sen θ sech x = =
cos x n
⎝b⎠
( n + n)
n
1 2
∑k =
b tg x
-2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 cosh x e x + e − x
2
a p/q = a p cos (θ + nπ ) = ( −1) cos θ
q k =1 n
1 2
csch x = =
k 2 = ( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n )
n
1 Gráfica 2. Las funciones trigonométricas csc x ,
LOGARITMOS ∑ 6 sec x , ctg x :
tg (θ + nπ ) = tg θ senh x e x − e − x
log a N = x ⇒ a = N x k =1
senh : →
sen ( nπ ) = 0
( n + 2n3 + n 2 )
n
1 4
log a MN = log a M + log a N ∑ k 3
= 2.5
cosh : → [1, ∞
4 cos ( nπ ) = ( −1)
n
k =1
M 2

log a = log a M − log a N tgh : → −1,1

k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n 4 + 10n3 − n )
n
1
∑ tg ( nπ ) = 0
1.5
N
30 1
ctgh : − {0} → −∞ , −1 ∪ 1, ∞
log a N r = r log a N k =1
⎛ 2n + 1 ⎞
+ ( 2n − 1) = n 2 π ⎟ = ( −1) → 0,1]
0.5 n
log b N ln N 1+ 3 + 5 + sen ⎜ sech :
⎝ 2 ⎠
0
log a N = = n
− {0} → − {0}
n! = ∏ k
log b a ln a -0.5
csch :
⎛ 2n + 1 ⎞
log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N k =1
-1
cos ⎜ π⎟=0
-1.5 ⎝ 2 ⎠ Gráfica 5. Las funciones hiperbólicas senh x ,
ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS ⎛n⎞ n! csc x

⎜ ⎟= , k≤n -2 sec x
⎛ 2n + 1 ⎞ cosh x , tgh x :
a ⋅ ( c + d ) = ac + ad ⎝ k ⎠ ( n − k )!k !
ctg x
tg ⎜ π⎟=∞
⎝ 2 ⎠
-2.5
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

( a + b) ⋅ ( a − b) = a − b
5
2 2 n
⎛n⎞
( x + y ) = ∑ ⎜ ⎟ xn−k y k π⎞
n
Gráfica 3. Las funciones trigonométricas inversas ⎛ 4

k =0 ⎝ k ⎠
sen θ = cos ⎜θ − ⎟
( a + b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
arcsen x , arccos x , arctg x : ⎝ 2⎠ 3

( a − b ) ⋅ ( a − b ) = ( a − b ) = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2
( x1 + x2 + + xk )
n
=∑
n!
x1n1 ⋅ x2n2 ⎛ π⎞
cosθ = sen ⎜θ + ⎟
nk
x
k
4
1

n1 !n2 ! nk ! ⎝ 2⎠
( x + b ) ⋅ ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd 3
0

CONSTANTES sen (α ± β ) = sen α cos β ± cos α sen β -1

( ax + b ) ⋅ ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd π = 3.14159265359… 2

cos (α ± β ) = cos α cos β ∓ sen α sen β

-2

( a + b ) ⋅ ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
se nh x

e = 2.71828182846…
-3 co sh x

tg α ± tg β
1 tgh x

tg (α ± β ) =
-4

( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2b + 3ab2 + b3
3 -5 0 5
TRIGONOMETRÍA
0 1 ∓ tg α tg β
CO 1 FUNCIONES HIPERBÓLICAS INV
( a − b ) = a3 − 3a 2b + 3ab2 − b3 sen θ = cscθ =
3
sen 2θ = 2sen θ cosθ
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
2
HIP
CA
sen θ
1
-1
arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x cos 2θ = cos 2 θ − sen 2 θ (
senh −1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , ∀x ∈ )
cosθ = secθ =
( )
-2

cosθ 2 tg θ
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

( a − b ) ⋅ ( a + ab + b ) = a − b
2 2 3 3 HIP
sen θ CO 1
tg 2θ =
1 − tg 2 θ
cosh −1 x = ln x ± x 2 − 1 , x ≥ 1
tg θ = = ctg θ =
( a − b ) ⋅ ( a3 + a 2 b + ab2 + b3 ) = a 4 − b4 cosθ CA tg θ 1
1 ⎛1+ x ⎞
tgh −1 x = ln ⎜ ⎟, x < 1
sen 2 θ = (1 − cos 2θ ) 2 ⎝ 1− x ⎠
( a − b ) ⋅ ( a 4 + a3b + a 2 b2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 − b5 π radianes=180
2
1 ⎛ x +1 ⎞
1
cos 2 θ = (1 + cos 2θ ) ctgh −1 x = ln ⎜ ⎟, x > 1
⎛ n
⎞ 2 ⎝ x −1 ⎠
( a − b ) ⋅ ⎜ ∑ a n − k b k −1 ⎟ = a n − b n ∀n ∈ 2
⎝ k =1 ⎠ 1 − cos 2θ ⎛ 1 ± 1 − x2 ⎞
HIP tg 2 θ = sech −1 x = ln ⎜ ⎟, 0 < x ≤ 1
CO 1 + cos 2θ ⎜ x ⎟
⎝ ⎠
θ ⎛ 1 x 2
+ 1 ⎞
csch −1 x = ln ⎜ + ⎟, x ≠ 0
CA ⎜x x ⎟⎠
⎝
Formulario de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral (Página 2 de 2) Jesús Rubí M.

∫ tgh udu = ln cosh u

IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP d dv du DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBÓLICAS INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
( uv ) = u + v
cosh 2 x − senh 2 x = 1 d du
∫ e du = e
u u
dx dx dx senh u = cosh u
1 − tgh 2 x = sech 2 x d dw dv du dx dx ∫ ctgh udu = ln senh u
( uvw) = uv + uw + vw a u ⎧a > 0
∫ a du = ln a ⎨⎩a ≠ 1 ∫ sech udu = ∠ tg ( senh u )
d du u
dx dx dx dx cosh u = senh u
ctgh x − 1 = csch x
2

d ⎛ u ⎞ v ( du dx ) − u ( dv dx ) dx dx
senh ( − x ) = − senh x ∫ csch udu = − ctgh ( cosh u )
−1
⎜ ⎟= d du au ⎛ 1 ⎞
dx ⎝ v ⎠ v2 tgh u = sech 2 u ∫ ua du = ln a ⋅ ⎜⎝ u − ln a ⎟⎠
u

cosh ( − x ) = cosh x dx dx 1
= ln tgh u
d n
( u ) = nu n −1
du
tgh ( − x ) = − tgh x d du
∫ ue du = e ( u − 1) 2
u u
dx dx ctgh u = − csch 2 u
dx dx INTEGRALES DE FRAC
senh ( x ± y ) = senh x cosh y ± cosh x senh y dF dF du ∫ ln udu =u ln u − u = u ( ln u − 1)
= ⋅ (Regla de la Cadena) d
sech u = − sech u tgh u
du du 1 u
cosh ( x ± y ) = cosh x cosh y ± senh x senh y dx du dx dx dx 1 u ∫ u 2 + a 2 = a ∠ tg a
du 1 ∫ log ( u ln u − u ) = ( ln u − 1)
udu =
tgh x ± tgh y =
a
d du ln a ln a 1 u
tgh ( x ± y ) = dx dx du csch u = − csch u ctgh u = − ∠ ctg
1 ± tgh x tgh y dx dx u 2

∫ u log a udu = 4 ⋅ ( 2log a u − 1)

a a
dF dF du DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV 1 u−a
senh 2 x = 2senh x cosh x
∫ u 2 − a 2 2a u + a ( u > a )
= du
= ln 2 2
dx dx du d 1 du u2
cosh 2 x = cosh x + senh x senh −1 u = ⋅
∫ u ln udu = 4 ( 2ln u − 1)
2 2

dy dy dt f 2′ ( t ) ⎪⎧ x = f1 ( t ) 1 + u 2 dx 1 a+u
∫ a 2 − u 2 = 2a ln a − u ( u < a )
dx du 2 2
tgh 2 x =
2 tgh x = = donde ⎨
1 + tgh 2 x dx dx dt f1′( t ) ⎪⎩ y = f 2 ( t ) d ±1 du ⎪⎧+ si cosh u > 0
-1
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO
cosh −1 u = ⋅ , u >1 ⎨
1 DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP dx u 2 − 1 dx ⎪⎩− si cosh u < 0
-1
∫ sen udu = − cos u INTEGRALES CON
senh 2 x = ( cosh 2 x − 1)
2 d
( ln u ) =
du dx 1 du
= ⋅
d
tgh −1 u =
1 du
⋅ , u <1 ∫ cos udu = sen u ∫
du
= ∠ sen
u
1 dx u u dx dx 1 − u 2 dx a2 − u2 a
cosh x = ( cosh 2 x + 1)
2
d log e du d 1 du ∫ sec udu = tg u
2

2 ( log u ) = ⋅ ctgh −1 u = ⋅ , u >1 = −∠ cos

u
cosh 2 x − 1 1 − u 2 dx ∫ csc udu = − ctg u
2
dx u dx dx a
tgh 2 x =
du ⎪⎧− si sech u > 0, u ∈ 0,1
( )
−1
cosh 2 x + 1 d log e du
( log a u ) = a ⋅ a > 0, a ≠ 1 ∓1 du
∫ sec u tg udu = sec u
d
senh 2 x dx u dx dx
sech −1 u = ⋅ ⎨ −1
u 1 − u 2 dx ⎪⎩ + si sech u < 0, u ∈ 0,1
∫ u 2 ± a2
= ln u + u 2 ± a 2
tgh x =
cosh 2 x + 1
d u
( e ) = eu ⋅
du
d 1 du ∫ csc u ctg udu = − csc u du 1 u
dx dx −1
csch u = − ⋅ , u≠0 ∫u = ln
e x = cosh x + senh x dx u 1 + u 2 dx ∫ tg udu = − ln cos u = ln sec u a2 ± u2 a a + a2 ± u 2
e − x = cosh x − senh x
d u
( a ) = a u ln a ⋅
du
du 1 a
dx dx INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS, PROPIEDADES ∫ ctg udu = ln sen u ∫ u u 2 − a 2 = a ∠ cos u
ax + bx + c = 0
2
OTRAS d v
dx
( u ) = vu v −1
du
dx
+ ln u ⋅ u v ⋅
dv
dx
Nota. Para todas las fórmulas de integración deberá
agregarse una constante arbitraria c (constante de ∫ sec udu = ln sec u + tg u 1 u
= ∠ sec
⇒ x=
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO integración).
∫ csc udu = ln csc u − ctg u a a

∫ { f ( x ) ± g ( x )} dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx
b b b
d du u 2 a2 u
2a ( sen u ) = cos u u 1 ∫ a − u du = 2 a − u + 2 ∠ sen a
2 2 2

∫ sen
a a a
dx dx 2
udu =
− sen 2u
b 2 − 4ac = discriminante
∫ cf ( x ) dx = c ⋅ ∫ f ( x ) dx c ∈
b b
2 4
( )
2
d du
exp (α ± iβ ) = eα ( cos β ± i sen β ) si α , β ∈ ( cos u ) = − sen u a a
u 1
2 u 2 2 a
∫ u ± a du = 2 u ± a ± 2 ln u + u ± a
2 2 2

∫ cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u

2
dx dx
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx
b c b

LÍMITES d du
( tg u ) = sec2 u MÁS INTEGRALES
a a c

∫ tg udu = tg u − u
2

∫ f ( x ) dx = −∫ f ( x ) dx e au ( a sen bu − b cos bu )
1 b a
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828... dx dx
∫ =
au
a b e sen bu du
∫ ctg udu = − ( ctg u + u )
x →0 d du
( ctg u ) = − csc2 u a2 + b2
2

∫ f ( x ) dx = 0
x a
⎛ 1⎞ dx dx eau ( a cos bu + b sen bu )
lim ⎜1 + ⎟ = e a

∫ u sen udu = sen u − u cos u ∫ e cos bu du =

au
x →∞
⎝ x⎠ d du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u m ⋅ ( b − a ) ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ M ⋅ ( b − a )
b
a 2 + b2
sen x dx dx
∫ u cos udu = cos u + u sen u
a
=1 1 1
⇔ m ≤ f ( x ) ≤ M ∀x ∈ [ a, b ] , m, M ∈ ∫ sec u du = 2 sec u tg u + 2 ln sec u + tg u
lim 3
x →0 d du
x
( csc u ) = − csc u ctg u INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV
1 − cos x
∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ g ( x ) dx
dx dx b b
lim =0 ALGUNAS SERIES
∫ ∠ sen udu = u∠ sen u + 1 − u
2
x →0 d du
( vers u ) = sen u
a a
x
f '' ( x0 )( x − x0 )
2

ex −1 dx dx ⇔ f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ∀x ∈ [ a, b ] f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x − x0 ) +
=1 ∫ ∠ cos udu = u∠ cos u − 1 − u
2
lim 2!
∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx si a < b
x →0 x DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER b b

f(
n)
( x0 )( x − x0 )
n
x −1 ∫ ∠ tg udu = u∠ tg u − ln 1 + u
a a 2
d 1 du + +
lim
x →1 ln x
=1 ( ∠ sen u ) = ⋅ INTEGRALES n!
: Taylor
dx 1 − u 2 dx
∫ ∠ ctg udu = u∠ ctg u + ln 1 + u f '' ( 0 ) x 2
2

DERIVADAS d 1 du ∫ adx =ax f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f '( 0) x +

∫ ∠ sec udu = u∠ sec u − ln ( u + u )
f ( x + ∆x ) − f ( x ) ∆y
( ∠ cos u ) = − ⋅ 2
−1 2!
∫ af ( x ) dx = a ∫ f ( x ) dx
df 1 − u 2 dx
Dx f ( x ) = = lim = lim dx
dx ∆x→0 ∆x ∆x → 0 ∆x
d 1 du = u∠ sec u − ∠ cosh u + +
( 0 ) x n : Maclaurin
f(
n)

( ∠ tg u ) = ⋅ ∫ ( u ± v ± w ± ) dx = ∫ udx ± ∫ vdx ± ∫ wdx ± n!

∫ ∠ csc udu = u∠ csc u + ln ( u + )
d
(c) = 0 dx 1 + u 2 dx
u2 −1 x 2 x3 xn
dx
d
d
( ∠ ctg u ) = − 2 ⋅
1 du ∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu ( Integración por partes ) ex = 1 + x + + + + +
( cx ) = c dx 1 + u dx = u∠ csc u + ∠ cosh u 2! 3! n!
u n +1
dx
du ⎧ + si u > 1 ∫ u du = n + 1 n ≠ −1
n
x3 x 5 x 7 x 2 n −1
sen x = x − + − + + ( −1)
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP n −1
d 1
( ∠ sec u ) = ± 2 ⋅ ⎨ ( 2n − 1)!
d
( cx n ) = ncxn−1 dx u u − 1 dx ⎩ − si u < −1 du ∫ senh udu = cosh u 3! 5! 7!
dx
du ⎧− si u > 1 ∫ u = ln u x2 x4 x6
+ ( −1)
n −1 x 2n−2
d du dv dw
(u ± v ± w ± ) = ± ± ±
d
( ∠ csc u ) = ∓
1
⋅ ⎨ ∫ cosh udu = senh u cos x = 1 − + − +
2! 4! 6! ( 2n − 2 )!
dx u u 2 − 1 dx ⎩+ si u < −1
∫ sech udu = tgh u
dx dx dx dx 2
x 2 x3 x 4 n −1 x
n
d
( cu ) = c
du d
( ∠ vers u ) =
1
⋅
du ln (1 + x ) = x −+ − + + ( −1)
∫ csch udu = − ctgh u
2
2 3 4 n
dx dx dx 2u − u 2 dx 2 n −1
x3 x5 x7 n −1 x
∫ sech u tgh udu = − sech u ∠ tg x = x − + − + + ( −1)
3 5 7 2n − 1
∫ csch u ctgh udu = − csch u