Scribd
Upload
42 views4 pages

11-Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers

This document discusses the parallel operation of transformers. It outlines four key conditions for the satisfactory parallel operation of transformers: (1) transformers must be properly connected with matching polarities to avoid short circuits, (2) transformers must have the same voltage ratings and voltage ratios to prevent circulating currents, (3) transformers must have equal per unit or percentage impedances to properly share the load, and (4) transformers should have similar reactance/resistance ratios to ensure equal power factors across the load. Connecting transformers in parallel provides benefits like continuity of supply if one fails, ability to add capacity by connecting a new transformer, and ability to take a transformer offline for maintenance.

Uploaded by

Sophie Amélie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views4 pages

11-Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers

This document discusses the parallel operation of transformers. It outlines four key conditions for the satisfactory parallel operation of transformers: (1) transformers must be properly connected with matching polarities to avoid short circuits, (2) transformers must have the same voltage ratings and voltage ratios to prevent circulating currents, (3) transformers must have equal per unit or percentage impedances to properly share the load, and (4) transformers should have similar reactance/resistance ratios to ensure equal power factors across the load. Connecting transformers in parallel provides benefits like continuity of supply if one fails, ability to add capacity by connecting a new transformer, and ability to take a transformer offline for maintenance.

Uploaded by

Sophie Amélie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Parallel Operation of Transformers

11-Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers


Two transformers are said to be connected in parallel if the primary
windings are connected to supply bus bars and secondary windings
are connected to load bus bars. Fig. (11-1) shows two transformers A
and B in parallel. While connecting two or more than two
transformers in parallel, it is essential that their terminals of similar
polarities are joined to the same bus bars as shown in Fig. (11-1). The
wrong connections may result in a dead short-circuit and primary
transformers may be damaged unless protected by fuses or circuit
breakers. There are three principal reasons for connecting
transformers in parallel. Firstly, if one transformer fails, the continuity
of supply can be maintained through other transformers. Secondly,
when the load on the substation becomes more than the capacity of the
existing transformers, another transformer can be added in parallel.
Thirdly, any transformer can be taken out of the circuit for
repair/routine maintenance without interrupting supply to the
Consumers.

Fig.(11-1 )
98
11-1 Conditions for satisfactory parallel operation
In order that the transformers work satisfactorily in parallel, the
following conditions should be satisfied:
(i) Transformers should be properly connected with regard to
their polarities.
This Condition is absolutely essential because wrong connections
may result in dead short-circuit. Fig. (11-2 (i)) shows the correct
method of connecting two single-phase transformers in parallel. It will
be seen that round the loop formed by the secondaries, the two
secondary e.m.f.s EA and EB oppose and there will be no circulating
current.
Fig. (11-2 (ii)) shows the wrong method of connecting two single-
phase transformers is parallel. Here the two secondaries are so
connected that their e.m.f.s EA and EB are additive. This may lead to
short-circuit conditions and a very large circulating current will flow
in the loop formed by the two secondaries. Such a condition may
damage the transformers unless they are
Protected by fuses and circuit breakers.

Fig.(11-2 )
99
(ii) The voltage ratings and voltage ratios of the transformers
should be the same.
This condition is desirable for the satisfactory parallel operation of
transformers. If this condition is not met, the secondary e.m.f.s will
not be equal and there will be circulating current in the loop formed
by the secondaries. This will result in the unsatisfactory parallel
operation of transformers. Let us illustrate this point. Consider two
single-phase transformer A and B operating in parallel as shown in
Fig. (11-3). Let EA and EB be their no-load secondary voltages and
ZA and ZB be their impedances referred to the secondary. Then at no-
load, the circulating current in the loop formed by the secondaries is

Even a small difference in the induced secondary voltages can cause a


large circulating current in the secondary loop because impedances of
the transformers This secondary circulating current will cause current
to be drawn from the supply by the primary of each transformer.
These currents will cause copper losses in both primary and
secondary. This creates heating with no useful output.

Fig.(11-3 )
100
(iii) The per unit or percentage impedances of the transformers
should be equal.
This condition is also desirable for proper parallel operation of
transformers. If this condition is not met, the transformers will not
share the load according to their kVA ratings. Sometimes this
condition is not fulfilled by the design of the transformers. In that
case, it can be corrected by inserting proper amount of resistance or
reactance or both in series with either primary or secondary circuits
of the transformers where the impedance is below the value required
to fulfill condition (iii).

(iv)The reactance/resistance ratios of the transformers should be


the same.
If the reactance/resistance ratios of the two transformers are not
equal, the power factor of the load supplied by the transformers will
not be equal. In other words, one transformer will be operating with a
higher and the other with a lower power factor than that of the load.
Considerable deviation from condition (iv) will result in only a small
reduction in the satisfactory degree of operation. When desired,
condition (iv) also may be improved by inserting external impedance
of proper value.

101

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy