MATHEMATICS - Grade 9

WEEK 1

Topic: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Sub Topic: Illustrating Quadratic Equations

Points To Ponder:
 A quadratic equation in one variable ( x ) has the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and
c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
 The equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is in standard form (general form)

Example:
a. Identify the quadratic equations.
b. Write the quadratic equations in general form.
c. Give the values of the coefficients a, b and c.

Given Quadratic or not Standard Form a b c

(General Form)

1. 4 + 3x = 0 The equation is not

quadratic. The highest
degree of the variable x is
1. Therefore, it is linear.

2. 5x – 2x2 + 7 = - 3 It is quadratic. -2x2 + 5x + 10 = 0 or 2 -5 -10

2x2 – 5x -10 = 0

3. 4x2 – 5x + 4 = -2 It is quadratic, the highest 4x2 – 5x + 4 + 2 = 0 4 -5 6

exponent of the variable x or
is 2. 4x2 - 5x + 6 = 0

4. 5x3 + 4x + 8 = 7 The degree of the given

equation is 3. It is not
quadratic.

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 5. -6x + 3x2 + x = 6 The degree is at second 3x2 - 6x + x – 6 = 0 3 -5 -6
degree. It is quadratic. or
3x2 - 5x - 6 = 0

6. 4x – 2 = 5x2 + 6 It is a quadratic equation. 5x2 -4x + 8 = 0 5 -4 8

REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.

Activity 1:
Determine whether each equation is quadratic equation or not . Write True if it is
quadratic , write False if it is not .
_________1. 3 – 2x2 = 0 _________6. 13 = x2 - 2x2 + 12x

_________2. -5x2 + 3x – 6 = 4 _________7. 15x + 12x2 = -115 + 8x2

________ 3. x2 – 4x = x + 3 + x2 _________8. 4 = 2(x + 1)2

________ 4. 2x – 5x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 _________9. 5(3x+2)2 = 4

_________5. 2x2 - x = 9 _________10. x(x2 + 3) = 8

Activity 2
A. Write each equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and give the values of coefficients.
Hint: To replace the values of a, b and c correctly, write first the quadratic equation in
standard form.

Standard Form
Given a b C
(ax2 + bx + c = 0)

1. x2 + 4x + 8 = -7

2. 4x2 = - 3x2 + 6x – 11

3. 5 = (4x + 1)2 + 6

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 4. 7(2x2 – 1) = 5x

5. 2(3x + 5) = x2

6. 8x2 + 3 = 4x

7. -24x + 16x2 + 9 = 0

8. 3x + 5 = 4(x + 1)2

9. 3(x -2)2 =6

10. (3x + 1)2 = 4(x – 1)2

Topic: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Sub – Topic: Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Square Roots

Points to Ponder:
 Recall that a quadratic equation is in standard form if it is written as ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
 A solution to a quadratic equation is called a root.
 A quadratic equation can have:
 Two real solutions
 One real solution
 No real solution
SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY: If x2 = k, then x = ± √𝑘.
Examples:
1. Solve: Solution: Checking:
x –4=0
2 x =4
2 For x = 2 For x = -2
Therefore, 2 2
𝑥 −4=0 x2 - 4 = 0
√𝑥 = ± √4
2 ( -2)2 - 4 =
x =±2 2 −4=0
4 - 4 = 0 0

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 the given equation x =2 ; x = -2 0 = 0 4 - 4 = 0
has two real 0 = 0
solutions:
2 and -2
2. Solve: Solution: Checking:
2(x – 5)2 = 32 2(x-5)2 = 32 For x = 9 For x = 1
2(𝑥−5)2 =32 2(9 – 5)2 = 32 2(1 – 5)2 = 32
Therefore, the 2 2( 4)2 = 32 2(4)2 = 32
given equation has (x – 5) = 16 2(16) = 32 2(16) = 32
two real solutions 9 √(𝑥 − 5)2 = √16 32 = 32 32 = 32
and 1 x–5 =±4

x–5=4 x – 5 = -4
x= 4+9 x=5–4
x= 9 x=1

3. Solve: (2x – 3)2 Solution:

= 18 2x – 3 = ± √18
2x – 3 = ± √9.2
The roots of the 2x – 3 = ± 3√2
equation are both
irrational numbers
2x = 3 + 3 √2 2x = 3 - 3√2
3+3√2 3−3√2
x= x=
2 2

4. 2x2 + 9 = 1 Solution:
2x2 + 9 = 1
Since √−𝟒 does not 2x2 = - 9 + 1
exist in the real 2x2 = -8
number system, our 2𝑥 2 −8
=
2 2
equation has no
real solution x2 = ± √−4

REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
Activity 1

A. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots.
1. x2 = 16 ___________________________________________

2. 9x2 = 18 ___________________________________________

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 3. x2 - 121 = 0 ___________________________________________

4. x2 – 16 = 0 ___________________________________________

5. 4x2 – 25 = 0 ___________________________________________

6. ( x- 1)2 =25 ___________________________________________

7. x2 – 10 = 0 ___________________________________________

8. (x + 3)2 = 144 ___________________________________________

9. 3x2 = 49 ___________________________________________

10. (3x + 4)2 = 16 ___________________________________________

Activity 2

Solve the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots.

1. 4(x – 5)2 – 11 = 0 6. 5(x + 2)2 – 8 = 72

2. (x + 3)2 = 16 7. 7(x – 3)2 -52 = 11

3. x2 - 16 = 4 8. 6 (2x + 1)2 – 40 = 56

4. 3 + 2x2 = 0 9. 3(4x + 3)2 = 48

5. (2x + 1)2 = 25 10. 2(3x – 5)2 = 242

Topic: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Sub- Topic: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Points to Ponder
 A quadratic equation can be solved by factoring.
 Factoring is the process by which one tries to make a mathematical expression look like a
multiplication problem by looking for factors.
 There are two types of quadratic equations that can be solved by factoring:
 Quadratic equations in the form of ax2 + bx = 0.
 Quadratic equations in the form of ax2 + bx + c =0.

ZERO PRODUCT PROPERTY:

For any real number x and y, If xy = 0, then x = 0 or y = 0;

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 and if either x = 0 or y = 0, then xy = 0.

Case 1: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS of the FORM ax2 +bx = 0. (Constant is not given)
For equation like this, one root will always be equal to 0 while the other root will be a non-zero real
number.

Examples:

Solve: Solution To Check:

3x2 + 18x = 0 3x(x + 6) = 0 For x = 0 For x = -6
3(0)2 + 18(0) = 0 3(-6)2 + 18( -6) = 0
3x = 0 x+6 =0 0 + 0 = 0 3(36) + (- 108) = 0
3𝑥
=0 x = -6 108 - 108 = 0
3

Solve: Solution: To Check: 𝟑

For x =
𝟐
11x2 - 13x = 8x – 3x2 11x2 + 3x2 - 13x - 8x = 0 For x = 0 3 3 3 3
11( ) – 13( ) = 8( ) – 3( )2
2
14x2 - 21x =0 11(0)2 –13(0)= 8(0) – 2 2 2 2
3(0)2 9 39 24 9
7x(2x – 3) = 0 0 - 0 = 0 11( ) - = - 3( )
4 2 2 4
7x = 0 2x – 3 = 0 0 = 0 9 39 24 9
x=0 2x = 3 11( ) - = -3( )
4 2 2 4
3
x= 99 39 24 27
2
- = -
4 2 2 4
3
The roots are 0 and 99 39 24 27
2 4( - )=( - ) 4
4 2 2 4

99 – 78 = 48 - 27

21 = 21

The roots of the Solution:

quadratic equation in a=1 b=3
the form of −(3)
x= 0 x=
1
ax2 + bx = 0 can also
x=-3
be solved by:
−𝑏
x = 0 and x =
𝑎
Solve:
x2 + 3x = 0

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Case 2 : SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS of the FORM ax2 + bx + c = 0 .

 Follow the following steps to guide you in factoring method:

 1. Write the equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
 2. Factor the left-hand side of the equation.
 3. Set each factor equal to zero using the principle of Zero Product Property.
 4. Solve each resulting linear equation.
 5. Check the results in the original equation.

Example:
A. Solve: x2 – x = 12 by factoring.

Procedure Solution
Step 1 :
Write the equation in standard form. x2 – x -12 = 0
Step 2:
Factor the left side of the equation. ( x + 3) (x – 4) = 0
Step 3:
Equate both factors to zero. x+3=0 x–4=0
Step 4:
Solve the linear equation separately. x=-3 x=4
Step 5:
Write the solution set. {-3, 4}
For x = -3 F or x = 4
Step 6: x2 – x = 12 x2 – x = 1
To check, substitute the solution set (-3)2 – (-3) = 12 ( 4 )2 – 4 = 12
to the original equation. 9 +3 = 12 16 - 4 = 12
12 = 12 12 = 12

REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.

Activity 1 : Find the solution set of the following equations of the form ax2 + bx = 0.
1. x2 – 2x = 0 x = _____________ x = ______________
2. 2x2 – 5x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
3. 7x2 + 18x = 10x2 + 12x x = ______________ x = ______________
4. x2 – 6x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
5. 2x2 + 8x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
6. 8x2 - 12x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
7. 9x2 - x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
8. 6x2 + 20x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
9. x2 + 4x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________

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 10. 3x2 - 4x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________

Activity 2
Find the corresponding factors of the given quadratic equations. Write the letter on the
blank, then solve for the roots of the equation.

Quadratic Equations Factors

_________1. x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 a. (x + 3) (x – 5) x= _______________ ; x = _________________

_________2. x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 b. (2x - 2) (2x + 3) x = _______________; x = _________________

_________3. 4x2 + 2x – 6 = 0 c. (3x + 4 ) (3 x + 3) x = _______________; x = _________________

_________4. 12 + 21x + 9x2 = 0 d. (x - 3) (x - 2) x = _______________; x = _________________

_________5. x2 – 2x – 15 = 0 e. (x – 3 ) ( x – 3 ) x = _______________; x = ________________

Topic: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Sub – Topic: Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
Points to Ponder:

 This method can solve any type of quadratic equations including those which are not
factorable.
 The expression ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial if a and c are perfect squares and
b is twice the product of the square roots of a and c.
 If the expression ax2 + bx + c is not a perfect square trinomial, then we can set one side of
the equation as a perfect square trinomial.
Example 1: Solve: x2 + 10x – 3 = 0 by completing the square.

Procedure Solution
Step 1 :
Write the terms with variables in one side. x2 + 10x = 3

Step 2:
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Get the numerical coefficient of x, divide it by 2 = 5
2
and square the result.
(5)2 = 25

Step 3:
Add the result to both sides of the equation. x2 + 10x + 25 = 3 + 25
Simplify x2 + 10x + 25 = 28

Step 4:
Factor the Perfect Square Trinomial (left side). (x + 5) (x + 5) = 28
( x + 5 )2 = 28

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 Step 5: .
Get the square root of both sides. √(𝑥 + 5)2 = ±√28

x + 5 =± √4 ⋅ 7

x + 5 = ±2√7

Step 6:
Solve for x x = -5 + 2 √7
x = -5 - 2√7

Example 2: Solve: 2x2 – 3x – 9 = 0 by completing the square.

Procedure Solution
Step 1:
Write the constant term on the other side. 2x2 – 3x = 9

Step 2:
If the coefficient of x2 is not 1, divide both sides 2𝑥 2 −3𝑥 9
by the coefficient of x2. =
2 2

3𝑥 9
x2 - =
2 2

Step 3:
Get the numerical coefficient of x, divide by 2 and 3 3 9
{ ( − ) ÷ 2} =(- )2 =
square it . 2 4 16

3𝑥 9 9 9
x2 - + = +
2 16 2 16

Step 4: Add the result to both sides of the equation.

Factor. 3 81
(x - )2 =
4 16

Step 5:
3 2 81
Get the Square root of both sides. √(𝑥 − ) = √
4 16

3 9
x - = ±
4 4

Step 6:
Solve for x .

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 3 9 3 9
x- = + ; x- =-
4 4 4 4

3 9 3 9
x= + ; x= -
4 4 4 4

12 −6
x= ; x=
4 4

−3
x= 3 ; x=
2

REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3

A. Write the missing term to B. Determine the constant C. Solve by completing the
make the expression a perfect term needed to square. Write your
square trinomial. complete the square. solutions.

1. s2 – 4s + ________________ 1. w2 – 16w +_________

2. t2 + t + ________________ 2. a2 + 4a +__________ 1. x2 + 10x = 5
3. a2 - ________ + 9 3. e2 – 8e + __________ 2. 9x2 – 18x + 20 = 0
4. y2 + ___________ + 49 4. s2 - 22s + ___________ 3. x2 + 6x = -5
5. s2 + 5s + _____________ 5. a2 + 10a + __________ 4. 6x2 + x – 10 = 0
6. a2 + 7a + _____________ 5. x2 + 10x + 4 = 0
7. f2 - ___________ + 25
8. e2 + ____________+ 4
9. P2 - ____________ + 100
10. k2 + 26k + ___________

Topic : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Sub – Topic : Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula

Points to Ponder:

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  In any given quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, its solution can also be found
using the quadratic formula:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

 In order to use the quadratic formula in solving a quadratic equation, identify first the
values of a, b and c in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
 Make sure the quadratic equation is written in standard form.

Example 1: Solve: 6x2 = 10 + 11x by using the quadratic formula.

Procedure Solution

Step 1 : 6x2 – 11x – 10 = 0

Change to standard form .

Step 2 : a = 6 ; b = - 11 ; c – 10
Get the correct values of a, b, c.

Step 3: −𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
Substitute the values of a, b and c to 𝑥=
2𝑎
the quadratic formula.

−(−11) ± √(−11)2 − 4(6)(−10)

𝑥=
2(6)

Step 4: 11 ± √121 − 4(−60)

Simplify. 𝑥=
12

11 ± √121 + 240
𝑥=
12

11 ± √361 11 ± 19
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
12 12

11+19 11−19
𝑥= ; x=
12 12

30 −8
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
12 12

5 2
x= ; x=-
2 3

5 2
Solution set: { ‘- }
2 3

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Example 2. Solve: x2 + x + 1 = 0 by using the quadratic formula.
3

Procedure Solution
5
Step 1: Remove the denominator by 3(x2 + x + 1 = 0)
3
multiplying the sides by 3.
3x2 + 5x + 3 = 0

Step 2:
Get the values of a, b and c. a=3 ;b=5; c=3

Step 3:
Substitute to the given quadratic formula. −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

−5 ± √(5)2 − 4(3)(3)
𝑥=
2(3)
−5 ± √25 − 4 (9)
𝑥=
6
−5 ± √25 − 36
𝑥=
6
−5±√− 11
𝑥=
2(3)

Since √− 11 is not a real number, then

the equation has no real solution.

REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.

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 Activity 1
A. Find the real solution of each of the following quadratic equation. If no real solution,
write None.

1. 4a2 – 8x + 1 = 0 ______________________________________
2. 9r2 + 6r = 1 ______________________________________
3. -2n2 + 3n + 5 = 0 ______________________________________
4. a(5a - 3 ) = 2(a2 + 5) ______________________________________
𝑝 2
5. p2 + = ______________________________________
3 3

Activity 2
A. Find the roots of each of the following using the quadratic formula.

1. x2 + 2x – 24 = 0 a = ______ b = _____ c = ______ x = ________ x = _________

2. 2x2 + 1 = - 4x a = ______ b = _____ c = ______ x = ________ x = _________
3. 2x2 + x = 1 a = _______b = _____ c = ______ x = ________ x = _________
4. x2 + 10 = x – 10 a = _______b = _____ c = ______ x = ________ x = _________
5. x2 + -1 = - 3x a = _______b = _____ c = ______ x = ________ x = _________

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