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Module I The Government Intro To Comparative Politics

The Philippine government operates under a presidential republican system with three independent branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The legislative branch is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives and is responsible for enacting laws. The executive branch is headed by the President and Vice President and is responsible for enforcing laws. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and is responsible for interpreting laws and settling legal disputes. Power is shared between the branches through a system of checks and balances.

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349 views

Module I The Government Intro To Comparative Politics

The Philippine government operates under a presidential republican system with three independent branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The legislative branch is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives and is responsible for enacting laws. The executive branch is headed by the President and Vice President and is responsible for enforcing laws. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and is responsible for interpreting laws and settling legal disputes. Power is shared between the branches through a system of checks and balances.

Uploaded by

Andrew Belgica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Philippine Government

ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

PRINCIPLES

Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in


the people and all government authority emanates from them.

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is


equally divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The
government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of check
and balance.

One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of separation


of powers wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the Executive, and
settlement of legal controversies to the Judiciary.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and
the House of Representatives.

The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments,


and has the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress
(the Senate and House of Representatives) and several agencies that provide support
services to Congress.

The Senate is composed of 24 Senators who are elected at large by the qualified voters
of the Philippines.
The House of Representatives is composed of about 250 members elected from
legislative districts in the provinces, cities, and municipalities, and representatives
elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties
or organizations.

The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per cent of the total number of
representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after
the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list
representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the
labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such
other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.

VI

ARTICLE VI

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines
which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent
reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum.

Section 2. The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be elected
at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator unless he is a natural-born citizen of the


Philippines and, on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age, able to
read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Philippines for not less than two
years immediately preceding the day of the election.

Section 4. The term of office of the Senators shall be six years and shall commence,
unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following
their election. No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. Voluntary
renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an
interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term of which he was elected.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of
the country’s bureaucracy.

The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice
President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, boards,
commissions, and committees.

The President leads the country. He or she is the head of state, leader of the national
government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines. The
President serves a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.

The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable to serve, the Vice
President becomes President. He or she also serves a six-year term.

Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the Vice President
and the heads of executive departments. Cabinet members are nominated by the
President and must be confirmed by the Commission of Appointments.

ARTICLE VII

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.

Section 2. No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the


Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the
day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately
preceding such election.

Section 3. There shall be a Vice-President who shall have the same qualifications and
term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the President. He may
be removed from office in the same manner as the President.
The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there has
been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part
and instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower
courts.

The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and
decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall be vested in one
Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.

Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as follows:

 The President can veto laws passed by Congress.


 Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can remove
the President from office in exceptional circumstances.
 The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional laws,
are appointed by the President. 

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review as
the power to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential
decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.

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