GROUP 3 SWING DEVICE

1. STRUCTURE
Swing device consists swing motor, swing reduction gear.
Swing motor include mechanical parking valve, relief valve, make up valve and time delay valve.

Reduction gear Swing motor Time delay valve Relief valve

Grease filling port SH

Air vent port
Swing reduction PG
gear oil drain port

Dr2
Mu

GA GB

A B
Air vent port

Port Port name Port size

SH A Main port PF 3/4

PG B Main port PF 3/4
Dr2 Drain port PF 3/8
Mu Make up port PF 1
SH Brake release port PF 1/4
PG Stand by port PF 1/4
GA, GB Gage port PF 1/4
Dr2

A Mu B

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1) SWING MOTOR

31 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 32

26 27,28 29 30 39

3
2
1

16
17 40
15 41
14
42
33,43

34 33

25 24 38 23 37 22 21 20 19 18 36 35

1 Inner ring 15 Piston 29 O-ring

2 Oil seal 16 Cap 30 Cover
3 Tappered roller bearing 17 O-ring 31 Plug
4 Backing spring 18 Scrowave 32 Parallel pin
5 Cam plate 19 Teflon ring 33 O-ring
6 Return plate 20 Bush 34 Relief valve
7 Piston assembly 21 Balance plate 35 Bolt
8 Lining plate 22 Needle bearing 36 Time delay valve
9 Plate 23 Snap ring 37 O-ring
10 O-ring 24 Cylinder assembly 38 O-ring
11 Piston 25 Housing 39 Bolt
12 O-ring 26 Bypass valve assy 40 Check
13 Spring 27 Back-up ring 41 Spring
14 Teflon ring 28 O-ring 42 Cap
43 Back-up ring

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2) REDUCTION GEAR

1 Casing 10 Pin No.2 assembly 20 Oil seal

2 Drive shaft 11 Pin No.1 21 Plug(B)
3 Ring gear 12 Thrust washer(B) 22 Plug(A)
4 Planet gear No.2 13 Thrust washer(A) 23 Spring pin
5 Sun gear No.2 14 Gage bar 24 Stop ring
6 Planet gear No.1 15 Gage pipe 25 Stop ring
7 Sun gear No.1 16 Knock pin 26 Spacer
8 Carrier No.2 17 Sph roller bearing 27 Cover plate
9 Carrier No.1 18 Cyl roller bearing 28 Bolt
19 Bolt 29 Needle cage

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2. FUNCTION
1) ROTARY PART
When high pressurized oil enters a cylinder through port(a), which is the inlet of balance plate(1),
hydraulic pressure acting on the piston causes axial force F. The pressure force F works via the
piston(2) upon the return plate(3) which acts upon the swash plate(4) via an hydrostatic bearing.
Force F1 perpendicular to swash plate(4) and force F2 perpendicular to cylinder center.
Being transferred to the cylinder block(5) through piston, force F2 causes rotational moment at
surroundings of cylinder.
Since cylinder block has 9 equidistantly arrayed pistons, rotational torque is transmitted to cylinder
shaft in order by several pistons connected to the inlet port of high pressurized oil. When the
direction of oil flow is reversed, rotational direction of cylinder is also reversed. Output torque is
given by the equation.
p×q F
T= , q=Z・A・PCD・tanθ, F1 = , F2=F tanθ, S=PCD×tanθ
2Л COSθ
Where p : Effective difference of pressure(kgf/cm2)
q : Displacement(cc/rev)
T : Output torque(kgf・cm)
Z : Piston number(9EA)
A : Piston area(cm2)
θ: Tilting angle of swash plate(degree)
S : Piston stroke(cm)
PCD

S
θ
F2

a a
High High Low
pressure oil pressure oil pressure oil

4 3 2 5 1

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2) MAKE UP VALVE
In the system using this type of motor, there is no counter balance functioning valve and there
happens the case of revolution exceeding hydraulic supply of motor. To prevent the cavitation
caused by insufficient oil flow there is a make up valve to fill up the oil insufficiency.
A make up valve is provided immediately before the port leading to the hydraulic oil tank to secure
feed pressure required when the hydraulic motor makes a pumping action. The boost pressure
acts on the hydraulic motor's feed port via the make up valve.
Pressurized oil into the port B, the motor rotate counterclockwise.
If the plunger of MCV moves neutral position, the oil in the motor is drain via left relief valve, the
drain oil run into motor via right make up valve, which prevent the cavitation of motor.

A B

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3) RELIEF VALVE

1 Body
5 11
2 Seat
3 Plunger
6 10
4 Spring
5 Adjusting screw
9 7
6 Piston
8 7 Bushing
3 8 Spring seat
12 9 Shim
10 O-ring
11 Back up ring
1
12 O-ring

(1) Construction of relief valve

The valve casing contains two cartridge type relief valves that stop the regular and reverse
rotations of the hydraulic motor. The relief valves relieve high pressure at start or at stop of swing
motion and can control the relief pressure in two steps, high and low, in order to insure smooth
operation.

(2) Function of relief valve

Figure illustrates how the pressure acting
on the relief valve is related to its rising P P=pressure, T=time
process. Here is given the function, Ps
referring to the figure following page.
4
P2

3
P1

T
1

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① Ports (P,R) at tank pressure.

A2 m h n g

A1
P

② When hydraulic oil pressure(P×A1) reaches the preset force(FSP) of spring(4), the plunger(3)
moves to the right as shown.
P1×A1=Fsp+Pg×A2

Fsp+Pg×A2
P1=
A1

4 g

P=P1

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③ The oil flow chamber g via orifice m and n. When the pressure of chamber g reaches the preset
force(FSP) of spring(4), the piston(6) moves left and stop the piston(6) hits the bottom of bushing(7).

4 m n g

P=P2

④ When piston(6) hits the bottom of bushing(7), it stops moving to the left any further. As the
result, the pressure in chamber(g) equals(Ps).
Ps×A1=Fsp+Ps×A2

Fsp
Ps=
A1-A2

P=Ps

7 6 g

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4) BRAKE SYSTEM
(1) Control valve swing brake system
This is the brake system to stop the swing motion of the excavator during operation.
In this system, the hydraulic circuit is throttled by the swing control valve, and the resistance
created by this throttling works as a brake force to slow down the swing motion.

Work Deceleration Stop

A B A B A B

MCV MCV MCV

MCV A, B opened MCV A, B throttled MCV A, B closed

(2) Mechanical swing parking brake system

The mechanical swing parking brake system is installed to prevent the upper structure from
swinging downhill because of its own weight when the excavator is parked on a slope since it
completely eliminates the hydraulic drift of swing motion while the excavator is on a slop, work can
be done more easily and safely.

① Brake assembly
Circumferential rotation of separate
plate(9) is constrained by the groove
located at housing(26). When housing
is pressed down by brake spring(16)
through lining plate(10), separate
plate(9) and brake piston(12), friction 14
force occurs there. 12
Cylinder(25) is constrained by this friction 9
force and brake acts, while brake
10
releases when hydraulic force exceeds
spring force. 25
26 Groove

9 Separate plate 14 Spring

10 Lining plate 25 Cylinder
12 Brake piston 26 Housing

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② Operating principle
a. When the swing control lever(1) is set to the swing position, the pilot oil go to the swing control
valve(2) and to Sh of the time delay valve(3) via the shuttle valve(4), this pressure move
spool(5) to the leftward against the force of the spring(8), so pilot pump charged oil(P3) goes to
the chamber G.
This pressure is applied to move the piston(6) to the upward against the force of the spring(9).
Thus, it releases the brake force.

3 10 7

9 11
G
6
D
8
5

Pg Sh

1 Swing control lever

2 Swing control valve(MCV)
3 Time delay valve
4 Shuttle valve 12
5 Spool
P3
6 Piston
7 Poppet
8 Spring 2 2
9 Spring 4
10 Orifice
11 Spring
12 Pilot pump

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b. Meantime, the oil pressure of port D balance with the preset force of spring(11), the pressure of
chamber G keeps constant pressure.

3 10 7

9 11
G
6
D
8
5

Pg Sh

1 Swing control lever

2 Swing control valve(MCV)
3 Time delay valve
4 Shuttle valve 12
5 Spool
P3
6 Piston
7 Poppet
8 Spring 2 2
9 Spring 4
10 Orifice
11 Spring
12 Pilot pump

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c. When the swing control(1) lever is set the neutral position, the spool(5) returns right in the time
delay valve(3).
Then, the piston(6) is moved lower by spring force and the return oil from the chamber G flows
back to D-port through orifice(10) of the poppet(7).
At this time, the poppet(7) works to make a time lag for 5 seconds.

3 10 7

9 11
G
6
D
8
5

Pg Sh

1 Swing control lever

2 Swing control valve(MCV)
3 Time delay valve
4 Shuttle valve 12
5 Spool
P3
6 Piston
7 Poppet
8 Spring 2 2
9 Spring 4
10 Orifice
11 Spring
12 Pilot pump

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